三维RC网络仿真异质材料的通用介质响应

提出了一种三维RC网络模型，并采用MATLAB及C语言对该模型进行编码、建模和仿真，得到了该网络的归一化复介电常数.分别计算了元件数为54，144，300，540和882的三维RC网络，结果表明，元件数为300及其以上的网络，其通用介质响应(UDR)特性趋于稳定；获得了电容分别为100nF，10nF，1nF和100pF时，540个元件RC网络的归一化复介电常数与频率关系的仿真结果；仿真了540个元件的RC网络中，电阻比例分别为4％，7％，10％，16％和33％时，归一化复介电常数与角频率ω的     

光频三维各向同性左手超材料结构单元模型的仿真设计

基于树枝结构单元思想,提出了光频三维各向同性左手超材料球刺结构单元模型.采用金属的Drude原理,运用等效媒质理论,仿真研究了结构的电磁响应特性.在晶格间距与工作波长的比值满足等效媒质理论要求的前提下,通过调节结构单元的几何参数,发现它能在光波段出现介电常数和磁导率同时为负值的区域,实现折射率小于零的左手超材料响应特性.该模型结构简单,具有各向同性特点.研究结果为采用"由下向上"方法制备光波段的三维左手超材料指出了新的途径. 关键词： 球刺模型 光波段 三维 各向同性     

熔石英亚表面杂质颗粒附近光场调制的三维模拟

熔石英亚表面缺陷是光学材料低损伤阈值的主要因素之一.本文建立了熔石英亚表面三维球形杂质颗粒模型,采用三维时域有限差分方法对杂质附近的光场进行了数值模拟,分析了杂质的介电常数与尺寸对光强增强因子的影响,结果显示:介电常数小于熔石英的杂质,其光强增强因子不随尺寸、介电常数的改变而改变,均保持为4左右;当介电常数为6.0时,半径为1.5λ,2λ及2.5λ的杂质,相应的光强增强因子分别为50.1588,73.3904及102.9953,即增强因子随杂质尺寸的增大而增大;恰 关键词： 杂质颗粒 三维时域有限差分 数值计算 光强增强因子     

一维微波光子晶体带隙的仿真和实验研究

利用MPB软件和MEEP软件对一维光子晶体带隙结构及透射谱进行了仿真与实验研究.讨论了不同介质填充比和介质相对介电常数对光子晶体带隙结构的影响.仿真结果表明,当高相对介电常数介质的填充比增大时,或高相对介电常数增大时,光子晶体带隙的中心频率缓慢减小,带隙宽度呈先增大后减小的趋势,存在一极大值点.采用高相对介电常数介质薄板[钛酸钡(BaTiO<,3>)粉末混合聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)胶体]和泡沫薄板周期性排列组成一维光子晶体.实验上制得了高低介质相对介电常数分别为4.5和1,填充比为1:1,晶格常数为10 mm,周期数为5的光子晶体,并测量出该光子晶体的微波透射谱.测量结果表明,在8～12 GHz的微波频段,该光子晶体的带隙中心频率为9.3 GHz,带隙宽度为500 MHz.     

薄板型介质材料复介电常数的无损测量

采用带法兰结构的TE01n圆柱谐振腔,用无损检测的方法测量薄板型微波介质材料的复介电常数。利用轴向模式匹配法对谐振腔内的电磁场进行了求解,给出了相对介电常数和损耗角正切的计算公式,并利用矢量网络分析仪对几种常用微波介质材料进行了测量,其结果表明:该测量方法对相对介电常数的测量误差不超过1%,而对损耗角正切的测量误差不超过10%。该方法还具备一腔多模的测试能力,测量频率可调,可用于介质材料频率特性的测量。     

基于移位算子时域有限差分的色散薄层节点修正算法

提出了一种时域有限差分（FDTD）计算中色散介质薄层问题处理的新算法.对于厚度小于一个元胞尺度的电小尺寸色散介质薄层问题,采用将元胞内电位移矢量和磁感应强度加权平均的方法,求得薄层所在元胞内修正点处的等效介质参数.然后根据常见色散介质模型,包括Debye模型、Lorenz模型、Drude模型等,介电常数和磁导率可以表示为jω分式多项式的特点,结合频域到时域的转换关系（即用/t代替jω）和移位算子方法得到了修正点处的时域本构关系,进而获得时域递推计算式.数值结果表明,该方法具有通用、节省计算时间、节省内存和计算精度良好等优点. 关键词： 色散介质薄层 节点修正 移位算子 时域有限差分     

直流电晕充电下环氧树脂表面电位衰减特性的研究

介质材料表面电荷的积累和衰减行为是制约众多高压直流电力设备研制的关键因素. 薄片状介质试样的表面电荷密度与表面电位近似呈线性关系, 因此常通过表面电位衰减行为研究表面电荷的衰减特性. 基于电晕充电、表面电荷沉积和脱陷、介质体内单极性电荷输运等3个物理过程, 建立表面电位动态响应的物理模型. 通过计算环氧树脂的表面电位衰减行为, 得到栅极电压、相对介电常数和体电导率等对其表面电位衰减特性的影响. 栅极电压越高, 表面电位的衰减速度越快; 环氧树脂材料参数典型值(相对介电常数3.93, 体电导率10^-14 S· m^-1)下, 归一化表面电位的衰减速率随时间变化的曲线可拟合为分段幂函数, 其中, 分段幂函数的特征时间、指数系数与栅极电压分别呈幂函数和线性变化关系. 相对介电常数越大, 表面电位的衰减速度越慢; 环氧树脂相对介电常数典型范围(3–4)内, 表面电位衰减时间常数由1720 s增大到2540 s, 两者呈线性关系. 体电导率越大, 表面电位的衰减速度越快; 环氧树脂体电导率典型范围(10^-15–10^-13 S· m^-1)内, 表面电位衰减时间常数由24760 s 减小到260 s, 两者呈幂函数变化关系.     

岩石化学成分及复介电常数与光谱特征的关系探究

实验对辽宁省兴城地区的97块岩石样本测量了350～2 500 nm间光谱反射率,岩石化学成分及部分样本的复介电常数值,并用包络线去除法计算了光谱吸收深度。研究基于岩石化学成分光谱特征理论、介电常数相关理论,利用相关性分析的方法求得岩石各化学成分与光谱吸收深度间的相关系数曲线、岩石复介电常数与光谱反射率间的相关系数曲线。通过归纳总结曲线形态特征,获得以下信息：(1)岩石中SiO₂,Al₂O₃,CaO,K₂O,MgO,灼失含量与光谱吸收深度在波段(1 900～2 500 nm)间相关性明显,在1 900,2 200和2 300 nm等化学元素识别特征波段处,出现局部极大/极小值;火成岩中Fe₂O₃含量与光谱吸收深度在铁元素的特征波段(400～550 nm)有着良好的相关性,相关系数达-0.406。探讨岩石光谱吸收特征与其化学成分含量间的关系在通过遥感影像进行成矿预测、识别岩性等方面都有着积极的作用。(2)岩石复介电常数总体与岩石反射率呈负相关,实部相关性优于虚部,实部相关系数在1 900 nm附近达到极小值-0.753。观查曲线可知,介电常数实部与光谱反射率相关系数在1 900和2 200 nm附近都有着良好的相关性,因此实验运用不同的模型拟合了在该处的响应关系函数曲线。介电常数是介质的基本物理性质之一,现有研究中多在微波波段中分析电磁波特征与介电常数间的关系,该研究在可见光和近红外波段范围内探究了二者间的关系,为进一步探讨岩石介电特性和光谱特征奠定了基础。     

1.7—2.7GHz宽频带小单元异向介质设计及其介质参数提取

提出一种单元电尺寸小、工作频带宽、损耗小、结构简单的异向介质设计方案，在1.7—2.7 GHz上所设计的异向介质结构单元电尺寸小于0.035，相对带宽达到45.5%，在整个工作频带上单个结构单元传输损耗小于0.75 dB.对由上述异向介质单元构成的半无限大异向介质平板的电磁波反射、透射特性进行了数值仿真分析，并提取出了电磁波在该异向介质平板中传播时的波数、相速、折射率以及该异向介质平板的有效介电常数和有效磁导率等一系列电磁特性参数，仿真与计算结果表明复波数的实部、相速以及折射率的实部在1.7—2.7 GHz的范围上为负值，并且在相同频带上，有效介电常数和有效磁导率的实部同时为负值，从而有效地验证了“后向行波效应”、“负折射效应”、“双负效应”等异向介质特有的电磁特性，对上述异向介质的存在性给予有力证明. 关键词： 异向介质 宽频带 小单元 介质参数     

基于分形多孔介质三维网络模型的非混溶两相流驱替数值模拟

提出了一个描述多孔介质孔隙尺寸分布的三维分形网络模型,利用该模型对多孔介质中的非混溶两相流驱替进行了数值模拟,研究了孔隙尺寸分布分维D_f和两相流黏滞比M对驱替前沿指进型的影响,结果表明指进型容量维数D_h随着孔隙尺寸分布分维D_f以及黏滞比M的增大而减少,并通过曲线拟合得到了它们之间的定量关系. 关键词： 多孔介质 三维网络 黏滞指进 非混溶两相流     

Reconstruction of the spectrum of the relative permittivity of the plane-parallel plate from the angular dependences of its transmission coefficients

A method for unambiguously determining the frequency dependence of the relative permittivity of a homogeneous medium has been proposed and implemented from the measured angular dependences of the complex transmission spectra of pulsed terahertz radiation through a plane-parallel plate. It has been shown experimentally that the proposed method makes it possible to reconstruct the dielectric parameters of the plane under investigation, even in the presence of time overlapping of waves rereflected from the medium boundaries.     

Dielectric properties of an ytterbium-based nematic liquid-crystal complex

The dielectric properties of an yttrium-based paramagnetic thermotropic nematic liquid-crystal complex have been studied. The conditions for the measurement of the magnitude and sign of the dielectric anisotropy of the mesophase have been determined. The relaxation of the components of the relative permittivity of a macroscopically homogeneously oriented sample has been observed. A high polarity of the metallomesogenic complex has been revealed.     

New Measuring Apparatus for Complex Permittivity at Millimeter-Wave Frequencies

A dielectric rod resonator excited by a nonradiative dielectric waveguide is used for measuring complex permittivity of low loss dielectric materials. The complex permittivties of single crystal sapphire, polycrystalline Ba (Mg_1/2 W_1/2) O₃ and Mg₂ Al₄ Si₅ O₁₈ (cordierite) have been obtained at 60 and 77 GHz by the new apparatus. The first time the measurement results of complex permittivity of brain grey and white matters from 15 to 50GHz utilizing a two-port microstrip test fixture is presented. S-parameters of Test fixture are simulated employing the finite-element method. A new spectrometer for the precision measurement of dielectric permittivity and loss tangent, which is capable of providing high resolution data for the first time over an extended W-band (68-118 GHz) frequency for specimens with a large range of absorption values, including highly absorbing specimens that otherwise would not be possible.     

Analysis of Experimental Results by the Havriliak–Negami Model in Dielectric Spectroscopy

The problem of identifying experimental results on studying frequency dependences of the real and imaginary parts of dielectric permittivity concerning the correspondence to one of accepted frequency dispersion models: Debye, Cole–Cole, Davidson–Cole, and Havriliak–Negami models is considered. Based on expressions for components of complex dielectric permittivity with the use of mathematical analysis, a sequence of steps for the determination of the following characteristic parameters of the generalized Havriliak–Negami model is developed: static ε _S and high-frequency ε_∞ dielectric permittivity, frequency dispersion indices α and β, and relaxation time τ. As an example, the parameters ε _S , ε_∞, α, β, and τ are calculated for a sample of a frozen disperse medium based on fine-grained quartz powder at a humidity of 13% in a temperature range from –140 to 0°C.     

Effective electromagnetic properties of microheterogeneous materials with surface phenomena

In this paper, we present an approach to calculate the complex dielectric permittivity of a micro-heterogeneous medium composed of non-conductive solid inclusions embedded into the conductive liquid continuous host. To take into account the surface effects, we approximate the inclusion by a layered ellipsoid consisting of a dielectric core and an infinitesimally thin outer shell corresponding to an electrical double layer (EDL). To predict the effective complex dielectric permittivity of materials with a high concentration of inclusions, we have modified the Effective Field Method (EFM) for the layered ellipsoidal particles with complex electrical properties. We present the results of complex permittivity calculations for the composites with randomly and parallel oriented ellipsoidal inclusions. To analyze the influence of surface polarization, we have accomplished modeling in a wide frequency range for different existing physic-chemical models of double electrical layer. The results obtained show that the tensor of effective complex permittivity of a micro-heterogeneous medium with surface effects has complicate dependences on the component electrical properties, spatial material texture, and the inclusion shape (ellipsoid aspect ratio) and size. The dispersion of dielectric permittivity corresponds to the frequency dependence for individual inclusion of given size, and does not depend on the inclusion concentration.     

Measurement of Low-Loss Dielectric Materials Using Dielectric Rod Resonator

To obtain the complex permittivity of low-loss dielectric materials at 60 GHz, a measurement method is developed. Using a dielectric rod resonator excited by a dielectric waveguide, effective conductivity of conducting plates for short circuiting the resonator is determined. The complex permittivity of the dielectric rod is determined by the resonant frequency and unloaded quality factor of the TE_0m1-mode resonator. Moreover, the complex permittivity of single crystal sapphire, polycrystalline ceramics, and cordierite has been investigated in virtue of numerical simulation. For all the measured specimens in this study, the proposed method is seen to provide much better accuracy for values. This work was supported in part by the National Nature Science Foundation of China, under Grant NSFC 60671009.     

Complex permittivity and microwave absorption properties of carbon nanotubes/polymer composite: A numerical study

Based on an equivalent resistance-capacitance (RC) network, we investigate theoretically the complex permittivity and microwave absorption properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/polymer composite in the frequency range of 50 MHz-3 GHz using the logarithmic mixing rule. Both the real and imaginary parts of the permittivities of CNTs and polymer are considered in detail. The simulated results show that the real and imaginary permittivities of the composite increase explicitly with increasing volume fraction of CNTs, and the latter is more sensitive. The calculated complex permittivity spectra of the composite are in good agreement with the available experimental data. In addition, a good linear relationship between microwave absorbance and frequency is found.     

Dielectric Characteristics for Radio Frequency Waves in a Laboratory Dipole Plasma

Transverse and parallel dielectric permittivity elements have been derived for radio frequency waves in a laboratory dipole magnetic field plasma. Vlasov equation is resolved for both the trapped and untrapped particles as a boundary value problem to define their separate contributions to the dielectric tensor components. To estimate the wave power absorbed in the plasma volume the perturbed electric field and current density components are decomposed in a Fourier series over the poloidal angle. In this case, the dielectric characteristics can be analyzed independently of the solution of the Maxwell's equations. As usual, imaginary part of the parallel permittivity elements is necessary to estimate the electron Landau damping of radio frequency waves, whereas imaginary part of the transverse permittivity elements is important to estimate the wave dissipation by the cyclotron resonances. Computations of the imaginary part of the parallel permittivity elements are carried out in a wide range of the wave frequencies. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Dielectric study of aqueous solution of acetonitrile

Time domain reflectometry method has been used in the frequency range of 10 MHz to 10 GHz to determine dielectric properties of aqueous solutions of acetonitrile in temperature range of 0°C to 40°C. The calibration method based on the least squares fit method has been used. The excess permittivity, activation energy, Kirkwood correlation factor and activation energy of acetonitrile-water system have also been determined. The dielectric data show that acetonitrile molecules interact such that the dipoles have a tendency to remain antiparallel.