铝粒径及成型压强对Al/PTFE冲击反应的影响

采用模压烧结法制备了不同成型压强下铝粉粒径分别为10、30和200μm的Al/PTFE试件,基于分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)试验装置进行冲击引发试验,试验过程中通过高速摄影装置记录活性材料的反应情况。试验结果表明:随着成型压强增大,试件的冲击反应速度阈值均呈现先增大后减小的趋势。铝粉粒径为10和30μm时,较高成型压强的试件能够于点火延迟时间1000～1100μs处发生反应,使试件冲击反应速度阈值骤降;铝粉粒径为200μm时,活性材料点火延迟时间均在600μs附近。在相同成型压强下,试件的冲击反应速度阈值随铝粉粒径增大而升高。活性材料的冲击点火反应与材料的微观缺陷、应力波在SHPB装置中的传播、应力脉冲幅值以及材料的破坏过程等因素相关。     

透射式GaAs光电阴极材料的MOCVD生长

用常压MOCVD装置,制备了透射式GaAs光电阴极材料。发射层P-型GaAs掺杂浓度到10¹⁸-10¹⁹cm^-3,少子扩散长度到4.02μm。AlGaAs层的Al组分含量到0.83,其吸收光谱长波限与设计值基本符合。利用此材料进行了阴极激活实验,制成了透射式GaAs光阴极。     

聚氨酯改性TDE-85/ MeTHPA环氧树脂的力学性能研究

 采用自制的聚氨酯预聚体(PUP)制备聚氨酯(PU)改性TDE-85/ MeTHPA环氧树脂体系，探讨了聚醚二元醇(PPG)分子量的大小、PUP加入量等因素对PU改性TDE-85/ MeTHPA环氧树脂体系力学性能的影响。研究结果表明，PU改性TDE-85/ MeTHPA环氧树脂的拉伸强度和冲击强度随着合成的PUP加入量的增加先呈上升趋势，达到最大值后又开始下降。采用的PPG分子量不同，得到的改性材料的力学性能相差悬殊。当PPG分子量为1 000，PUP质量分数为15%时，改性材料的拉伸强度达到69.39 MPa，冲击强度达到23.56 kJ/m²，力学综合性能显著提高。     

W-Cu合金力学性能的第一性原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理分析方法的CASTEP软件,计算了W-Cu_x(x=6.25,12.5,18.75,25,31.25,37.5,43.75,50)合金的晶格参数、体模量、剪切模量、杨氏模量等力学常数,还计算了焓变值、能带结构、电子态密度和电荷布局,研究Cu不同含量对W-Cu合金力学性能的影响.结果表明：Cu的添加会增加W基体触头材料的可塑性,韧性大小随着Cu含量的升高而增加,在掺杂比例为43.75%时达到最大值,韧性增加使得产生微裂纹的概率减小;另外还计算了W-Cu合金的态密度、能带结构和电荷布局,结果表明随着Cu含量的增加,共价性降低,金属性增强,便于加工成型.     

3D打印贝壳仿生复合材料的拉伸力学行为

采用硬质和软质双组分材料,通过调控两种基体材料的装配夹角,采用光固化3D打印技术制备了不同装配方式的仿贝壳珍珠层复合材料,开展了准静态拉伸实验,结合扫描电镜观察,分析了其拉伸力学性能、断裂及能量耗散机理。研究结果表明,保持胞元边长不变,随着面内装配角度增加,仿贝壳珍珠层复合材料的强度呈线性增加趋势,断裂应变呈线性减小的趋势;随着面外装配角度增大,断裂应变呈线性减小趋势,而强度在面外装配角小于45°时呈增强趋势,超过45°时趋于稳定;面外装配角度为45°时,材料的强度达到最大值。试样在断裂前主要通过硬质材料的拔出、软/硬相界面处微裂纹的生成及微裂纹在扩展过程中的合并和偏转等方式耗散能量。     

稀土掺杂BAP玻璃的制备及性能研究

采用UVPC和DSC等测试手段系统研究了稀土Sm2O3掺杂BaO-Al2O3-P2O5(BAP)激光防护玻璃的光谱性能及析晶性能。结果表明:吸收光谱的特征吸收峰强度随Sm2O3含量的增加逐步增强,吸收谱线向两端非均匀展宽,玻璃在1075nm波长处的光密度与稀土含量近似成线性关系,当Sm2O3含量达到17.5mol%时,透过率T<0.03%;随着稀土含量的增加,玻璃的析晶参数β先增后减,玻璃的析晶倾向也随之先下降而后提高,BaO/Al2O3比值的降低可使玻璃的形成能力提高。     

高压合成La填充型CoSb3方钴矿热电材料及其电输运性能

 采用高温高压手段,在压力3.5 GPa、温度900 K的条件下,成功合成出La填充型方钴矿热电材料La_xCo₄Sb₁₂（0相似文献   

Si/Al/Na/Ca对准东煤灰熔融特性的影响

采用Factsage软件计算分析了Si/Al/Na/Ca对准东煤灰熔融特性的影响,结果发现:准东煤灰中Si02主要起助熔作用,流动温度随SiO_2含量增加而降低.当Al_2O_3含量低于12%时,流动温度随Al_2O_3含量增加而降低;当Al_2O_3含量大于15%时,流动温度随Al_2O_3含量增加而升高.Na_2O对流动温度的影响与灰中其他组分有关,总体而言,Na_2O起助熔作用.SiO_2/Al_2O_3质量比小于3.0的准东煤灰中,当CaO含量小于30%时,流动温度随CaO含量增加而降低;当CaO含量大于30%时,流动温度随CaO含量增加而升高。     

V_2O_5/WO_3/TiO_2催化剂制备及其SCR性能研究

本文通过浸渍法制备了V2O5/TiO2系列筛选催化剂及V2O5/WO3/TiO2负载型催化剂,并在模拟评价装置上考察了上述催化剂在SCR反应巾的催化性能.结果表明,V2O5在涂材料中应该低于3wt.%;钒系催化剂对NOx的净化效率随反应温度的升高,先增加而后减小,存在一个适宜反应温度窗口;随反应温度升高, NH3泄漏量逐渐降低,在温度达到350°C之后,NH3泄漏世不再随温度的升高而变化;SCR反应温度较低时HC和CO浓度基本不变,但从450°C开始,HC浓度逐渐降低,而CO浓度则急剧升高;随NOx/NH3比例增加,NOx转化效率逐渐降低.     

激光冲击陶瓷中反射拉伸波破坏的预防

激光冲击过程中,反射拉伸波一直都是造成材料失效的主要破坏模式。为了进一步分析陶瓷材料的冲击性能,控制拉伸波对材料造成的破坏,从而最终达到改善其脆性的目的,使用高功率钕玻璃脉冲激光器对Al2O3陶瓷进行了冲击试验。通过在Al2O3试样背表面粘贴胶带,发现陶瓷表现出与无粘贴状态下完全不同的破裂模式。使用扫描电子显微技术观察其断口形貌并结合理论分析,发现粘贴胶带以后,对背表面的反射拉伸波能量有相当程度的衰减,大幅减少了拉应力的作用。通过计算表明,这种背面粘贴的胶带可降低冲击波能量到反射前的40％左右,这样就可以通过降低反射波能量来大幅减少拉伸波造成的灾难性脆断。     

Microstructure evolution and properties of Al/Al–Mg–Si alloy clad wire during heat treatment

In this paper, heat treatment was carried out on Al/Al–Mg–Si alloy clad wire, and microstructure evolution and properties of Al/Al–Mg–Si alloy clad wire during heat treatment were investigated. During solution, contents of Mg and Si in inner matrix increased due to dissolution of primary Mg₂Si, and they also increased in outer matrix because Mg and Si diffused across the interface. Tensile strength of the clad wire increased firstly and then decreased, and elongation continuously increased, while conductivity continuously decreased with the increase in solution time. In aging process, Mg₂Si precipitated in both inner core and outer layer, and the content and average diameter of the precipitate increased with the increase in aging time. The content of precipitate was higher, and the average diameter was bigger in inner core. Tensile strength of the clad wire increased firstly and then decreased with the increase in aging time, and the elongation continuously decreased, while the conductivity continuously increased. The peak tensile strength of 202 MPa occurred at 8 h, when the corresponding elongation was 20 % and the conductivity reached 56.07 %IACS. Even tensile strength of the prepared clad wire approximately equaled to that of Al–0.5Mg–0.35Si alloy 203 MPa, the conductivity was obviously improved from 54.2 to 56.07 %IACS.     

聚四氟乙烯动态特性的实验研究

 在10~55 GPa的高压范围用化爆装置、采用阻抗匹配法测得了聚四氟乙烯（初始密度ρ₀=2.19 g/cm³）的冲击波速度D和波后粒子速度u之关系为：D=2.10+1.62u（mm/μs）。在0.2~3 GPa的低压范围用气炮装置、采用电磁速度计测量了材料内加、卸载过程的拉格朗日粒子速度波形，获得的冲击加载D-u关系为：D=1.24+3.72u-1.94u²（mm/μs）。实测卸载曲线和加载冲击绝热线接近一致，残余应变似乎不存在或者说很小；弹性区段很不明显，聚四氟乙烯本质上呈现出塑性性质。     

Na填充型方钴矿化合物CoSb3的高压合成及电输运特性研究

 利用高压合成方法,在压力为2 GPa、温度为900 K的条件下,以NaN₃作为添加剂,成功地合成出了Na填充型的方钴矿化合物CoSb₃。X射线衍射（XRD）研究结果表明,当Na填充量达80%时,合成的Na填充型方钴矿化合物CoSb₃仍为单相方钴矿结构,没有Na和NaN₃等杂质峰。在室温下对不同Na填充量的样品进行了电阻率（ρ）和Seebeck系数（α）的测试,研究了不同Na填充量对样品电阻率、Seebeck系数和功率因子（α²σ）的影响。研究结果表明：室温下,样品的电导率随Na填充量的增加而增大,Seebeck系数的绝对值随Na填充量的增加而减小。当Na填充量为0.4时,样品获得了最高的功率因子（8.72 μW·cm^-1·K^-2）,此值高于He等报道的利用热压法制备的CoSb₃的值。填充量对样品电输运特性的影响规律与Pei等研究的K填充型CoSb₃的研究结果相一致。上述研究结果表明,高压合成技术有利于提高填充型方钴矿化合物的填充量,并有效地提高样品的电输运特性。     

白光LED用Eu~(2+)离子激活含氮铝酸盐发光粉的制备

采用高温固相反应法制备Sr3Al2O6-3x/2Nx∶Eu2+发光材料。发光光谱分析表明,该材料在400~550nm可见光激发下,发射光谱为峰值波长为600 nm的宽带谱。XRD分析结果显示,Sr3Al2O6-3x/2Nx与Sr3Al2O6的晶体结构相同。研究了Eu2+离子浓度对材料发光性能的影响,结果表明随着Eu2+离子浓度的增加,材料的发光强度呈现出先增强后减弱的趋势,当Eu2+浓度为15%时,发光强度最大。根据Dexter理论,其浓度猝灭机理是电四极-电四极的相互作用。引入Ce3+作为敏化剂,样品的发光强度明显增强。     

Damage monitor and life prediction of carbon fiber-reinforced ceramic-matrix composites at room and elevated temperatures using hysteresis dissipated energy-based damage parameter

In this paper, the damage monitor and life prediction of carbon fiber-reinforced ceramic-matrix composites (C/SiC CMCs) have been investigated using the hysteresis dissipated energy-based damage parameter. The evolution of the interface shear stress, hysteresis dissipated energy, hysteresis dissipated energy-based damage parameter and the broken fibers fraction vs. cycle number, the fatigue life S?N curves of unidirectional, cross-ply and 2.5D C/SiC composites at room temperature and 800 °C in air atmosphere have been analyzed. For unidirectional C/SiC, the hysteresis dissipated energy and hysteresis dissipated energy-based damage parameter first increase and then decrease with cycle number, and the fatigue limit stress decreases from 88% tensile strength at room temperature to 20% of the tensile strength at 800 °C in air atmosphere; for cross-ply C/SiC, the hysteresis dissipated energy and hysteresis dissipated energy-based damage parameter decrease with increasing applied cycles, and the fatigue limit stress decreases from 85% tensile strength at room temperature to 22% tensile strength at 800 °C in air; and for 2.5D C/SiC, the hysteresis dissipated energy and hysteresis dissipated energy-based damage parameter increases with cycle number, and the fatigue limit stress decreases from 70% tensile strength at room temperature to 25% tensile strength at 800 °C in air.     

Physical Properties of Micro Hollow Glass Bead Filled Castor Oil-Based Polyurethane/Epoxy Resin IPN Composites

A series of micro hollow glass beads (HGB) filled castor oil-based polyurethane/epoxy resin graft interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) composites were prepared. The tensile and impact strengths, impact fractured surfaces, damping properties and thermal stability of the IPN composites were studied systematically in terms of composition. Results revealed that the addition of HGB into polyurethane/epoxy IPN can significantly improve not only the tensile strength but also the impact strength. The tensile strength was increased by 61% and at the same time the impact strength was increased by 25% when the HGB content was 1.5%. The damping properties were better than the composition of 0.5% or 2% HGB content when the HGB content was 1% or 1.5%. The thermal decomposition temperature was also slightly improved by the incorporation of HGB. It is suggested that the HGB reinforced polyurethane/epoxy resin IPN composites could be used as structural damping materials.     

Morphology,mechanical, rheological,and thermal properties study on the PTT/ABS/SCF composites

In order to improve the mechanical properties of the poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT), both maleinized acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) and short carbon fiber (SCF) were melt-blended with PTT to prepare the composites and their morphology and properties were investigated in detail. When ABS content is fixed at 5?wt.% in composites, SCF can significantly improve the tensile and flexural strength as well as the impact strength of the matrix. The SCF has good interface adherence with the matrix. At glassy state, the storage modulus increases much with increasing SCF content. At rubbery state, the composites have larger cold-crystallization rate. At molten state, SCF first serves as lubricants and then as viscosity reinforcing agent for the matrix with increasing SCF. The composites melt exhibits increasing elastic behaviors with SCF. The composites have larger crystallization rate, but this accelerating effect decreases with excessive SCF content. The crystals formed in different composites are quite different in size or perfection.