高效率和色稳定性的双超薄发光层的黄光有机电致发光器件

主要对rubrene黄光发光材料制作0.1nm厚度的超薄发光层的有机电致发光器件作了研究,并配合BCP空穴阻挡层探讨了对器件效率和色坐标稳定性的影响。双超薄rubrene发光层配合BCP空穴阻挡层的有机电致发光器件的性能得到了很好的改善,外加电压6V时,器件电流效率为6.35cd.A-1;外加电压10V时,器件发光亮度达到了7068cd.m-2。另外,在较大的外加电压驱动范围内,器件的色坐标一直保持在(0.49,0.49)。增加的发光效率和良好的色坐标稳定性主要是取决于空穴与电子的注入与输运平衡以及激子在超薄rubrene发光层中稳定性的复合平衡。     

超薄发光层结构的荧光型白光有机发光器件

使用蓝、绿、红超薄发光层结构来制备荧光型非掺杂白光器件,其器件结构为ITO/MoO3(5 nm)/TCTA(40 nm)/C545T(1 nm)/TCTA(2 nm)/BePP2(1 nm)/Bphen(2 nm)/DCJTB(1 nm)/Bphen(30 nm)/LiF(1nm)/Al(1 000 nm).白光器件的最大发光亮度和电流效率分别为16 154.73 cd/m2和11.58 cd/A.在电压为7V时,器件的色坐标为(0.322 2,0.335 1),而且色坐标在大的电压变化范围内的变化值仅为(0.017 4,0.002 9).与掺杂结构的白光器件相比,超薄发光层结构的白光器件拥有高的电流效率和稳定的电致发光光谱,原因是超薄发光层结构的载流子捕获效应能使激子有效限制在复合区域内.     

发光层厚度对联苯乙烯衍生物蓝色有机发光器件性能的影响

本文制备了联苯乙烯衍生物(4, 4'-bis(2, 2'-diphenylvinyl)-1, 1'-biphenyl, DPVBi) 为发光层的蓝色有机电致发光器件. 器件性能随发光层厚度变化而变. 在DPVBi厚度为10---50 nm范围内, 同样电流密度下器件亮度及效率随DPVBi厚度增加先增后减, 40 nm时最佳, 最高亮度达到15840 cd/m², 最高外量子效率达到3.2%, 器件色坐标(Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) co-ordinates) 为(0.15, 0.15). DPVBi厚度超过40 nm时器件发光光谱出现红移而致色度变差, 其原因可归于微腔效应所致. 同时, 通过实验结果分析表明DPVBi中激子扩散长度位于20---30 nm范围.     

TCTA对红绿磷光有机电致发光器件发光层激子的调控作用

制备了结构为ITO/MoO3(50 nm)/NPB(40 nm)/TCTA(10 nm)/CBP:14%GIr1(30 nm)/TCTA(x)/CBP:2%R-4B(10 nm)/BCP(10 nm)/Alq3(40 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al(100 nm)的红绿磷光有机电致发光器件,GIr1和R-4B分别为红、绿磷光染料。通过在红绿间插入较薄间隔层TCTA的方法,调节载流子、激子在红绿发光层中的分布,并结合TCTA和BCP对发光层内载流子和激子的有效阻挡作用,研究了载流子调控层TCTA在不同厚度下对器件发光性能的影响。结果表明,TCTA为1 nm时,器件的发光性能得到了很好的提升。电压为6 V时,TCTA为1 nm器件的电流密度、亮度、最大电流效率分别为0.509 mA/cm2、69.91 cd/m2和13.72 cd/A,而TCTA为0 nm器件的电流密度、亮度、最大电流效率分别为1.848 mA/cm2、215.7 cd/m2和11.67 cd/A。     

双空穴注入的绿色磷光有机电致发光器件

制作了一种新型绿色磷光有机电致发光二极管。器件结构为ITO/HAT-CN(x nm)/MoO3(30 nm)/NPB(40 nm)/TCTA(10 nm)/CPB∶GIr1(30 nm,14%)/BCP(10 nm)/Alq3(25 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al(100 nm),其中X=0,8,10,12,14,15 nm。电流密度-电压-亮度特性表明该结构有利于降低驱动电压和增加器件亮度。当HAT-CN厚度为12 nm时,器件的最高亮度可以达到32 480 cd/m2,起亮电压为3.5 V左右,发光效率为24.2cd/A。所设计的空穴型器件证明该器件结构具有很好的空穴注入和传输特性。     

插入电荷控制层对蓝色OLED发光性能的提高

用蓝色有机荧光材料N6,N6,N12,N12-tetrap-tolylchrysene-6,12-diamine(DNCA)作为发光层,在发光层中间以及发光层与电子传输层之间插入2-methyl-9,10-di(2-napthyl)anthracene(MADN)和9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene(ADN)作为电荷控制层,制备了结构为ITO/NPB(40 nm)/DNCA(15 nm)/MADN(3nm)/DNCA(15 nm)/ADN(3 nm)/Bphen(30 nm)/LiF(0.8 nm)/Al(120 nm)的蓝色有机电致发光器件(OLED)。该器件的最大电流效率和最大亮度分别为5.6 cd/A和23 310 cd/m2。与传统的单发光层器件相比,最大电流效率和最大亮度分别提高了70%和87%。器件发光性能的提高可归结于两个电荷控制层在整个器件中的协同作用。第一电荷控制层MADN的作用主要是将发光层区域分成两个部分,从而扩大了激子在发光层中的复合区域;第二电荷控制层ADN可以有效地将空穴限制在发光层中,避免了激子在电子传输层中形成的无辐射跃迁从而提高了器件的发光性能。     

沉积亚单层荧光染料提高有机发光器件的发光效率

结合掺杂薄层作为发光探针层的方法和亚单层（sub-monolayer）有机发光技术，利用沉积在有机发光器件发光层中的亚单层奎丫啶酮（Quinacridone，QAD）分子作为探针，同时改变QAD层的位置，对有机发光器件中激子的形成与扩散进行了研究，器件结构为ITO/NPB(60 nm)/ Alq3(x nm)/QAD(0.05 nm)/Alq3［(60－x) nm］/LiF/Al（其中x=0，2.5，5，7.5 nm）.通过对各器件不同条件下的电致发光谱、发光强度和发光效率的对比研究，得到在x＝5 nm处引入亚单层QAD可以使QAD分子通过能量转移而获得的激子数量最多，进而可以实现高效率的发光.     

一种新型结构的黄光有机电致发光器件

用有机荧光染料罗丹明B(Rhodamine B)作为掺杂剂, 采用双量子阱结构制备了一种新型的黄光有机电致发光器件,器件结构及各层厚度为：ITO/CuPc(6 nm)/NPB(20 nm)/Alq₃(3 nm)/Alq₃：Rhodamine B(3 nm)/Alq₃(3 nm)/Alq₃：Rhodamine B(3 nm)/Alq₃(30 nm)/Liq(5 nm)/Al(30 nm)。研究发现Rhodamine B的掺杂浓度对该器件的发光亮度和发光效率有较大影响。当Rhodamine B的掺杂浓度为1.5 wt％时, 得到了最大电流效率1.526 cd·A-1,最大发光亮度1 309 cd·m-2的黄光有机电致发光器件。由器件的电致光谱曲线,可以看到在发光层之间存在着Alq₃向RhB传递能量的过程。由于量子阱的斯托克斯效应与RhB染料分子间的自极化作用,随着掺杂浓度的增加,λ_max出现明显红移。     

微腔有机电致发光白光器件设计及制作

用一种宽谱带材料Alq₃作为发光层,设计并制作白色有机微腔电致发光器件。器件结构:Glass/DBR/ITO(194 nm)/NPB(93 nm) /Alq₃(49 nm)/MgAg(150 nm),得到了位于蓝(488 nm)和红(612 nm)光区域的两个腔发射模式,并通过颜色匹配获得了白光。器件的最大电致发光亮度16 435 cd/m²,最大效率11.1 cd/A,典型亮度值100 cd/m²时的发光效率、电压、电流密度分别是9 cd/A,6 V和1.2 mA/cm²,CIE 色坐标为(0.32, 0.34)。在不同的驱动电压下,器件的发光颜色稳定,说明了微腔是一种制作白光OLED的有效结构。     

依发光层顺序和厚度调节的多发光层白色有机发光器件

多层结构器件中发光层顺序及厚度对光谱影响很大。文章以RBG(红蓝绿)为基色,制备了具有不同发光层组合次序及厚度的系列白色有机电致发光器件。器件结构为ITO/CuPc(12 nm)/NPB(50 nm)/EML/LiF(1 nm)/Al(100 nm)。使用的蓝色发光材料为2-t-butyl-9,10-di-(2-naphthyl)anthracene (TBADN),掺杂剂为p-bis(p-N, N-diphenyl-amono- styryl)benzene(DSA-Ph),绿色发光材料为tris-[8-hydroxyquinoline]aluminum(Alq₃),掺杂剂为C545,红色发光材料为tris-[8-hydroxyquinoline]aluminum(Alq₃),掺杂剂为4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-t-butyl-6-(1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidyl-9-enyl)-4H-pyran(DCJTB)。通过调节各发光层的顺序和厚度,在200 mA·cm-2时,得到了电流效率为5.60 cd·A-1,色坐标为(0.34, 0.34)的性能稳定的白光器件。当电流密度为400 mA·cm-2时,最大亮度达到了20 700 cd·m-2。根据激子产生及扩散理论对实验结果进行了分析,建立了发光光谱与各发光层的发光效率、各层厚度及激子扩散层长度之间的关系方程, 并以其计算了具有不同红层厚度的RBG结构的光谱的红蓝强度比。计算结果表明实验结果与理论相符。     

白光和红绿蓝光LED可调光源研制

为了提高LED光源色温和亮度的调节精度和准确度,结合色温由低向高变化时光色所呈现的渐变特点,提出了一种低色温白光LED灯珠、高色温白光LED灯珠加红绿蓝光LED灯珠补偿式调光的方法.将色温分成三个部分进行调节,每个部分选用不同的LED灯珠组合来进行调光.实验结果表明:不同组合情况下的LED光源的初始输出色温相对于目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;亮度可以在保证色温不变的情况下独立进行调节,初始输出值与目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;经过微调之后可以达到目标值;达到了色温和亮度独立调节的要求;光源发光稳定,不会因为长时间工作而影响调节精度.     

Visualization and interferometry for cylindrical and spherical sample tomography and profilometry

A technique combining image processing and laser interferometry for visualizing and detecting the deformation of transparent cylindrical and spherical sample is proposed. This deformation includes geometric deformation such as volume transition in profilometry and physical deformation such as refractive index change in tomography. Phase contour lines are used for quantitative analysis and graphical representation of the deformation. This method allows us to visually detect the spatial variation of the deformation field and to evaluate the test quality such as misalignment of optical system. A theoretical analysis using phase contour map to characterize the deformation field is described in detail. A method using phase contour map to qualify the interferometric test is proposed. Analysis of test examples is carried out. Suggestions on using phase contour line method to ameliorate test system design are finally discussed.     

Quantum and Classical Disparity and Accord

Discrepancies and accords between quantum (QM) and classical mechanics (CM) related to expectation values and periods are generally found for both the harmonic oscillator (SHO) and a free particle in a box (FPB), which may apply generally. These indicate non-locality is expected throughout QM. The FPB energy states violate the Correspondence Principle. Previously unexpected accords are found and proven that 〈x ²〉 _CM =〈x ²〉 _QM and τ _CM =τ _QMb (beat period i.e. beats between the phases for adjoining energy states) for the SHO for all quantum numbers, n. However, for the FPB the beat periods differ at small n. It is shown that a particle’s velocity in an infinite square well varies, no matter how wide the box, nor how far the particle is from the walls. The quantum free particle variances share an indirect commonality with the Aharonov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher effects in that there is a quantum action in the absence of a force. The concept of an “Expectation Value over a Partial Well Width” is introduced. This paper raises the question as to whether these inconsistencies are undetectable, or can be empirically ascertained. These inherent variances may need to be fixed, or nature is manifestly more non-classical than expected.     

黑克、布劳、及伯曼-温采尔代数的诱导及分导系数和量子经典李代数的耦合与重新耦合系数

本文总结了计算黑克、布劳、及伯曼 温采尔代数在各种工数链下诱导及分导系数的线性方程方法(LEM)。特别强调了关于A,B,C,D型李代数及其量子情形与其中心代数之间的舒尔 魏尔 布劳双关性关系。这一关系使我们能够利用相应中心代数的诱导及分导系数计算出经典李代数及其量子情形的耦合与重新耦合系数。讨论了从该方法得到B,C,D型李代数不可约表示克罗内克积分解的应用。基于LEM还得到了处理对应于置换群CG系列问题的黑克代数张量积的方法。     

Rapid and flexible laser marking and engraving of tilted and curved surfaces

We present a novel method for rapid and flexible laser marking and engraving of tilted, curved and freeform work-piece surfaces. The method is based on integrating a three-dimensional (3D) laser measurement system into a 3D laser marking system. We use the same laser source and optics for measurement and processing with a minimum of additional hardware components. A low power CW laser regime is used to measure the 3D shape of a work-piece surface while a high-peak power-pulsed laser regime is used for processing. The acquired 3D surface data are used to determine the 3D trajectory of the processing beam focus. Neither the 3D shape of the work-piece nor its orientation needs to be known in advance as long as the processed surface lies within the working range of the 3D laser processing system. This eliminates the need for exact work-piece positioning before processing and substantially improves processing flexibility (allowing, e.g. variations in work-piece shape or/and orientation from mark to mark). This paper discusses key issues concerning an implementation of the method and presents typical examples of markings and engravings, which demonstrate the advantages of the method with respect to the existing industrial 2D and 3D laser marking and engraving methods. The method can also be applied to flexible laser structuring and microprocessing of curved surfaces.     

Spectroscopy and Photophysics of Iso- and Alloxazines: Experimental and Theoretical Study

We present a systematic study of the effect of methyl substitution on iso- and alloxazines in acetonitrile solutions. Substitution patterns have profound effects on both spectral and photophysical properties, with fluorescence quantum yields varying by more than an order of magnitude. TD-DFT calculation were used for the first time to correlate electronic structure changes with the substitution patterns, with good agreement between calculated and theoretical band positions and oscillator strengths. Both n-pi* and pi-pi* states in these compounds are predicted, with the oscillator strengths indicating that only the pi-pi* states should be observable in the absorption spectra. Substitution patterns are shown to be responsible for energy order inversion between these states.     

Nano and micro-scale fluid and plasma dynamics: present and future applications

In this letter, we illustrate the importance of fluid dynamics research by considering two particular areas of study: nano- and micro-scale fluid and plasma dynamics. We show how improved scientific knowledge of nano- and micro-fluid dynamics can significantly enhance our future. Application is also discussed regarding environmental aspects.     

Geometry and Elasticity of Strips and Flowers

We solve several problems that involve imposing metrics on surfaces. The problem of a strip with a linear metric gradient is formulated in terms of a Lagrangian similar to those used for spin systems. We are able to show that the low energy state of long strips is a twisted helical state like a telephone cord. We then extend the techniques used in this solution to two–dimensional sheets with more general metrics. We find evolution equations and show that when they are not singular, a surface is determined by knowledge of its metric, and the shape of the surface along one line. Finally, we provide numerical evidence by minimizing a suitable energy functional that once these evolution equations become singular, either the surface is not differentiable, or else the metric deviates from the target metric.     

激光跟瞄仿真系统及两种跟瞄方法

基于OpenGL和大气传输光学分析的3维全数字仿真是激光跟瞄系统的重要研究手段。为提高跟踪和瞄准精度,从激光跟瞄仿真系统整体出发,研究了目标成像中的投影变换、成像与跟踪的关系、高精度跟踪现有算法的控制过程仿真等内容,并提出了基于大视口、目标大气传输图像序列的跟瞄仿真技术。说明了仿真系统中跟瞄精度分析的特点。就某仿真场景,设计了"头部顶点"和"两点提取"两种跟瞄方法,在不同大气湍流条件下得到了它们的跟瞄精度,说明应用该激光跟瞄仿真系统,能够预先设计、测试和验证一些跟瞄方法,帮助进行算法分析和改进,从而提高工作效率和节约成本。