RuH2和RuN2电子组态与光谱性质的从头计算

用量子化学从头算方法在B3LYP/6 311G 的水平上 ,研究了RuH2 和RuN2 可能的电子组态和光谱性质 .结果表明 ,RuH2 的3 B2 和5Σ-态对应于静电作用的物理吸附态 .RuN2 的一重态和三重态的计算结果跟钌单晶面上的实验值相接近 .而RuN2 在C∞v对称性时 ,五重态5Σ-的计算频率比实验值稍低 .在C2v对称性时 ,五重态的计算频率值则更低 ,3 B2 和5A1态不能稳定存在     

ZnSeH分子微观性质及热力学性质的从头计算

用密度泛函B3LYP方法对ZnSeH分子体系进行了理论研究,优化得到ZnSeH分子的微观构型及不同温度下的热力学函数值.ZnSeH为角型分子,RZn-Se=0.239?5?nm、RSe-H=0.148?5?nm、角αZnSeH=94.832°.设用总能量中的电子和振动能量近似代表ZnSeH分子处于固态时的能量,用总熵中的电子和振动熵近似代表ZnSeH分子处于固态时的熵,进而计算了Zn与HSe反应的△H0、△S0、△G0,并由此计算出不同温度的反应平衡常数Kp.结果表明在298～1 098 K温度范围内,Zn与HSe反应能够自发发生,且随着温度的升高,△G0逐渐增大,平衡常数逐渐减小,自发反应进行程度越小.     

氢同位素化合物TiH2，TiD2和TiT2的电子

根据原子分子反应静力学和群论，确定TiH2，TiD2和TjT2的基电子状态为^3A2．应用基函数6-311G^＊＊和密度泛函理论B3P86方法，全电子计算了氢同位素分子及其钛化物的能量E、定容热容Cv和熵S应用电子振动近似理论，即用单个分子TiH2，TiD2和TjT2中的电子和振动能量和熵近似代表他们处于固态时的能量和熵,计算所得到的金属钛的氢化热力学函数△Hc^0，△S^0，△G^0以及平衡压力与温度的关系，与文献符合很好，这表明电子振动近似理论的可应用性，选用金属钛作为中子靶是很正确的。     

Mn（Ⅱ）与BSA相互作用的热力学特征

运用荧光光谱法研究了锰（Ⅱ,Mn2＋）与牛血清白蛋白（Bovine Serum Albumin,BSA）的相互作用.随着Mn2＋浓度的增大,BSA的荧光强度降低,最大发射峰蓝移2nm,根据Stern-Volmer方程求出了Mn2＋与BSA作用的猝灭常数,其猝灭机制为静态猝灭.根据热力学方程求得了290K和308K时的热力学参数△H、△G和△S,结果表明温度升高Mn2＋与BSA的作用增强,二者之间的作用力主要为疏水作用和静电作用.     

(CdSe)n(n=1,2)团簇性质及CdSe分子热力学性质的理论计算

用密度泛函B3LYP方法、有效核势(ECP)基组LanL2DZ对(CaSe)n(n=1,2)团簇进行了理论研究,得到(CaSe)n(n=1,2)分子体系可能存在的状态及各电子状态的平衡几何Re、谐振频率、偶极矩和离解能De、不同温度、压力下的热力学函数值;设用总能量中的电子和振动能量近似代表CdSe分子处于固态时的能量,用总熵中的电子和振动熵近似代表CdSe分子处于固态时的熵,进而计算了Cd与Se反应的△Hθ、△Sθ、△G,并由此计算出不同温度的反应平衡常数Kp结果表明:在298～1400K温度范围内,Cd与Se反应的自由能值均为负,且随着温度的升高,△Gθ值负的越多,表明在这个温度范围内反应能自发发生,而且自发趋势随温度的升高逐渐增大;平衡常数逐渐减小,即反应进行程度随温度的升高逐渐减小;CdSe分子材料的导电性随压力增大而增强.     

Y_2O_3·Cr_2O_3复合氧化物热力学性质的研究

在1182—1386K温度范围内,用固体电解质氧浓差电池: Mo|Cr,Y_2O_3,Y_2O_3·Cr_2O_3|ZrO_2(+MgO)|Cr,Cr_2O_3|Mo测定了复合氧化物Y_2O_3·Cr_2O_3的热力学性质。对于反应 Y_2O_(3_(s))+Cr_2O_(3(s))=Y_2O_3·Cr_2O_(3(s)),得到 △G_(Y_2O_3·Cr_2O_3)~0=39160-34.97T(实验误差±350cal/mol)或 △G_(Y_2O_3·Cr_2O_3)~0=163900-146.3T(实验误差±1450cal/mol).因为△G_(Y_2O_3·Cr_2O_3)~0与温度T的关系为直线关系,所以若将△G~0=a+bT与△G~0=△H~0-T△S~0两式比较,a和-b的物理意义可认为分别相当于在公式适用温度范围内△H~0与△S~0的平均值。因此 △H_(Y_2O_3·Cr_2O_3)~0=39160cal/mol或193900J/mol, △S_(Y_2O_3·Cr_2O_3)~0=34.97cal/(mol·K)或146.3J/(mol·K)。 如将化合物写作YCrO_3的形式,各热力学数据为上述各值的一半。     

PuC2 气态分子的结构与热力学稳定性研究

在相对论有效原子实势近似下 ,用密度泛函B3LYP方法 ,求得PuC2 气态分子的结构与不同温度下的热力学函数 .根据热力学原理 ,计算得到PuC2 气态分子在不同温度下的标准生成自由能变均为较大正值 ,据此说明 ,PuC2 气态分子不具有热力学稳定性 .     

红色Hgl_2中激子-电子和激子-空穴相互作用

在N_2激光的强激发下研究了纯的红色HgI_2的光致发光光谱。所用HgI_2是层状的半导体,具有2.4eV的直接能带隙。光谱呈现出激子-空穴的相互作用,也呈现出激子-电子的相互作用。 脉冲强激发引起两条发射带(在150°K温度下为2.280eV和2.226eV)。当温度超过60°K时,发射强度随激发强度按平方规律增长。当温度降到60K以下时,另一个位于     

Thermodynamic Calculation on the Formation of Titanium Hydride

从钛氢化物的组成元素的基本性质出发,利用修正的Miedema生成热模型,对TiHx (1≤x≤2)的标准焓变行了计算. 采用量子力学和统计热力学的方法,计算出了TiH2的振动和电子熵,提出了一种计算TiH2标准熵变的方法. 结果表明,TiHx的标准焓变值随着x的增加呈线性关系减少. 计算得到的TiH2在298.16 K时的标准焓变值、标准熵变值以及吉布斯自由能分别为-142.39 kJ/mol、-143.08 J/(mol?K)和-99.75 kJ/mol. 计算结果与文献中实验或理论计算得到的结果均符合较好,表明所提出的钛氢化物的热力学模型是可行的.     

紫光化合物[Cd(bpdc)(phen)_2(H_2O)]·6H_2O的合成、结构及荧光光谱研究

以2,4′-联苯二甲酸(H2bpdc)和1,10-邻菲罗啉(phen)为配体,采用水热法合成一例三维超分子网状镉(Ⅱ)配合物[Cd(bpdc)(phen)2(H2O)]·6H2O(1)。通过单晶X射线衍射分析,元素分析和红外光谱分析表征化合物1的结构。单晶X射线衍射分析结果表明,化合物1属于三斜晶系,P1空间群,中心金属Cd(Ⅱ)离子呈现六配位扭曲八面体构型,通过两种氢键作用和π—π堆积作用形成三维超分子结构。同时,对化合物1进行固态/溶液以及不同温度下的荧光性能测试。以350nm为激发波长进行激发,298K固态时,化合物1在390nm处有强发射峰,呈现紫色荧光;77K固态时,化合物1的荧光光谱具有两个发射谱带,分别位于380和520nm处,是因为在低温时化合物1表现出精细结构。298K时,化合物1在DMSO溶液和CH3OH溶液中分别在380和375nm有最大发射,相对于固态最大发射波长发生蓝移,呈现紫色荧光。这均是基于中心金属微扰配体中心的π*→π跃迁发射。研究了化合物1固态和溶液的荧光寿命,化合物1荧光衰减过程包含双组分。298K条件下,化合物1在DMSO溶液中的寿命(τ1=1.73μs和τ2=14.07μs)比CH3OH溶液中的荧光寿命(τ1=1.21μs和τ2=12.44μs)长。此外,77K固态时的荧光寿命(τ1=1.96μs和τ2=16.11μs)长于298K的固态荧光寿命(τ1=1.20μs和τ2=11.34μs),这是因为低温条件下降低分子内部的非辐射跃迁,从而延长固态荧光寿命。     

气态配合物Na2HfCl6的热力学性质

以密闭的Pyrex玻璃瓶为反应器，用高温相平衡-淬冷实验方法，在712-778 K和0.5-3.1 kPa下研究了NaCl与HfCl4的反应热力学．结果显示，Na2HfCl6(g)是HfCl4-NaCl二元系中唯一反应产物．由实验结果计算了反应2NaCl(s)+HfCl4(g)=Na2HfCl6(g)的热力学平衡常数，并计算出该温度范围内反应的焓变为-65.5±1.5 kJ/mol和反应的熵变为-99.6±2.0 J/molK．     

Molecular structure,spectroscopic (FT-IR and UV-Vis) and DFT quantum-chemical studies on 2-[(2,4-Dimethylphenyl)iminomethyl]-6-methylphenol

Density functional calculations of the structure, vibrational spectra, molecular electrostatic potential and thermodynamic functions have been performed at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory for the Schiff base compound 2-[(2,4-Dimethylphenyl)iminomethyl]-6-methylphenol. Experimental and theoretical Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) studies of the title compound show the preference of enol form, as supported by X-ray analysis results. Using the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) method, electronic absorption spectra of the compound have been predicted and a good agreement is determined with the experimental ones. To investigate the tautomeric stability, optimisation calculations at B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level were performed for the enol and keto forms of the title compound. Calculated results show that its enol form is more stable than that of the keto form. The predicted non-linear optical properties of the title compound are much greater than those of urea. The changes in thermodynamic properties for the formation of the title compound with the temperature ranging from 200 K to 500 K have been obtained using the statistical thermodynamic method. At 298.15 K the change of Gibbs free energy for the formation reaction of the title compound is 37.03 kJ/mol. The title compound cannot be spontaneously produced from the isolated monomers at room temperature. The tautomeric equilibrium constant is also computed as 1.23×10^?3 at 298.15 K for enol ? keto tautomerisation of the title compound.     

Synthesis of cubic ruthenium nitride by reactive pulsed laser ablation

The recent synthesis of platinum nitride opens the possibility of novel platinum-group metal nitrides to exist. In this work we report the synthesis of ruthenium nitride by reactive pulsed laser ablation. Several plausible structures have been evaluated by ab initio calculations using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave method, in order to investigate the ruthenium nitride structural and electronic properties. In fact, the predicted symmetry of stoichiometric RuN matches the experimental diffraction data. RuN crystallizes with NaCl-type structure at room temperature with cell-parameter somewhat larger than predicted by calculations. However we found a marginal chemical strength in these nitrides. The material is destroyed by mild acid and basic solutions. Under annealing RuN decomposes abruptly for temperatures beyond 100 °C. Since the thermal stability correlates directly with the mechanical properties our finding cast doubts than the latter transition metal nitrides can be ultra-hard materials at ambient conditions.     

High-temperature heat capacity of Y2Cu2O5

The temperature dependence of the molar heat capacity of Y₂Cu₂O₅ has been measured at 328–953 K. The thermodynamic functions of the oxide compound have been calculated from the experimental data.     

Magnetic and thermal properties of TlErSe2

The specific heat, magnetization, and magnetic susceptibility of TlErSe₂ have been studied in the temperature range 77?C300 K. The main thermodynamic functions of TlErSe₂, namely, the changes of entropy and enthalpy, have been determined from the temperature dependence of the specific heat.     

Thermodynamic stability and phase behaviour of a liquid crystalline material: a theoretical model at molecular level

This article describes the thermodynamic stability and phase behaviour of a liquid crystalline material p-n-hexyloxybenzylidene-p-toluidine (6OBT) at a molecular level. The atomic net charge and dipole moment at each atomic centre have been evaluated using the complete neglect differential overlap (CNDO/2) method. The modified Rayleigh–Schrodinger perturbation method along with multicentred-multipole expansion method has been employed to evaluate the long-range intermolecular interactions, while a ‘6-exp’ potential function has been assumed for the short-range interactions. The total interaction energy values obtained through these computations have been used to calculate the probability of each configuration at room temperature (300?K), nematic–isotropic transition temperature (346.9?K) and above transition temperature (400?K) using the Maxwell–Boltzmann formula. Further, the Helmholtz free energy and entropy of each configuration has been computed during the different modes of interactions. An attempt has been made to understand the phase behaviour and stability of the molecule based on thermodynamic parameters introduced in this article.     

Mean amplitudes of vibration and thermodynamic properties of methyl cyanide and methyl isocyanide

The mean amplitudes of vibration of methyl cyanide and methyl isocyanide have been calculated at 300°K, using the secular equation method based on symmetry coordinates. The thermodynamic properties of these molecules are also estimated for temperatures ranging from 200°K to 1000°K at 100° intervals.     

ZrH_2结构与热力学性质

基于密度泛函理论,采用全势线性缀加平面波加局域轨道方法和广义梯度近似研究了ZrH2的结构与弹性性质。结果表明:在基态条件下,ZrH2的晶格常数计算值与实验值及其它理论值相当吻合。在考虑声子作用的前提下,采用准谐德拜模型成功获得了不同条件下(0~50 GPa,0~1 300 K)ZrH2的热容、热膨胀系数和德拜温度等热力学性质。结果表明:定压热容预测值随温度升高而增大,并逐渐接近佩蒂特-杜隆极限;随压强增加,德拜温度呈增加趋势;随温度增加,德拜温度呈减小趋势;在压强一定的条件下,热膨胀系数随温度的升高而增大,且在高温高压条件下,热膨胀系数的增加趋势变缓。