绝对式光学编码器串行编码方法的研究

针对传统绝对式光学编码器各编码码道沿径向分布、结构复杂的缺点,提出了一种绝对式光学编码器的串行编码方法。在码盘上仅刻划一圈存储多位二值信息的编码码道,沿码盘圆周方向按一定位置布置的光敏元件并行读取的二进制数具有唯一性,对此二进制数查表译码,就可以实现绝对位置测量。与传统绝对式光学编码器相比,码盘直径小、光学图案简单,有利于绝对式编码器实现小型化和提高精度。     

半色调编码计算全息图的数字水印方法

提出一种新的基于信息光学的数字水印方法。该方法将水印信息隐藏于半色调编码的计算全息图之中。通过相位复原技术将需隐藏的水印信息编码为相位函数嵌入在复波前中,其振幅定义为宿主图像,通过计算全息记录复波前并对全息图进行半色调编码完成水印信息的嵌入。水印的提取过程只需对含有水印信息的半色调图像进行光学或数字的傅里叶变换即可完成。并给出了算法有效性的理论分析和仿真实验结果。结果证明这种水印技术对于各种数字图像处理操作具有很高的稳健性,且半色调编码图的二值特性使嵌入水印具有很强的抗打印、抗复印、抗扫描的能力。     

全息照相及其开拓

激光全息摄影技术集几何光学、波动光学和信息光学为一体,为光学的研究展示了美好的前景。本文给出了从激光全息照相到彩虹全息、θ调制、偏振光干涉等实验的原理和过程。     

纯位相信息自聚焦计算全息匹配滤波器

本文介绍一种用计算全息方法制作的纯位相信息自聚焦匹配滤波器。它在编码时取滤波函数的振幅为１,仅对位相进行编码;并通过对傅里叶谱加入二次位相因子代替傅里叶透镜,使其具有自聚焦功能。与常规的方法（光学全息法或计算全息法）所获得的匹配滤波器相比较,具有原理上更合理,滤波器的制作和匹配光路更简单,也更容易实现匹配等特点。所得到的匹配实验结果也很清晰,这与理论是完全符合的。     

基于体全息光学相关器的身份认证复合检索方法

体全息相关器具有高速、并行和多通道等特点。基于体全息相关器大幅面、高分辨率、二维数据页结构,将身份认证图文信息进行编码及格式化,组合为适用于光学相关器的图像模板。数据库的图像模板以体全息图的形式存储在铌酸锂晶体中,识别时将待识别的全部或部分身份认证信息输入,光学相关器可快速返回输入图像与所有库图像模板的相关值,从而完成对整个数据库的快速复合检索。介绍了该方法的工作原理、理论模型、编码和组页方法以及复合检索工作流程,给出了演示实验结果。     

计算机制相位彩虹全息近眼显示

基于现有的相位空间光调制器,提出并实现了计算机制相位彩虹全息近眼显示.指出带限条件下物光在全息面上相位分布的计算及高频闪耀光栅纵向色散的控制是实现相位彩虹全息的关键要素.在计算相位彩虹全息图时,首先利用带限条件下的角谱衍射算法获取全息面上物光的复振幅分布,并利用双向误差扩散算法将复振幅分布编码为相位分布.然后,对参考光对应的高频闪耀光栅的相位进行编码,得到计算机制相位彩虹全息图.最后,设计了包含白色点光源、准直透镜、空间光调制器、4f滤波系统及目镜的全息彩色近眼显示系统,并通过光学再现获得了相位彩虹全息近眼显示效果,证明了所提方法的有效性.     

准绝对式光学编码器的编译码原理

介绍了准绝对式光学编码器的测量原理,根据其码盘特点,设计了实用的编码算法.利用计算机编程辅助实现了最高17位的索引码道编码设计,并提出一种译码的方法,可以实现从循环二进制码到自然二进制码的快速转换,为其进一步工程实现提供理论基础.     

高质量光学涡旋阵列的实验研究

将光学涡旋与计算全息技术相结合,提出一种高质量光学涡旋阵列的产生方法.从理论上研究了光学涡旋阵列的形成和分布特征,并模拟仿真产生涡旋光束阵列.基于面向目标的共轭对称延拓傅里叶计算全息方法编码生成光学涡旋阵列的全息图,利用单个反射式空间光调制器光电再现了与理论一致的光学涡旋阵列,并通过马赫-增德尔干涉法对生成的光学涡旋阵列进行验证.产生的高质量光学涡旋阵列提供了更复杂的结构分布和更多的可控参量,且实验光路易实现.研究结果在光学微操控、光通信等领域具有潜在应用价值.     

一种基于二元位相加密的大信息量数字全息水印

研究了一种基于二元位相加密的大信息量数字全息水印方法,对需隐藏的水印信息用二元位相编码,然后再用2台阶位相密钥进行加密,作为水印插入宿主图像中,解码后得到了高质量的水印结果.与平面波照明数字全息水印相比,采用位相密钥数字全息水印有效地提高了水印提取的安全性和相对光学效率,并保持了对大信息量水印的提取质量,解码过程不依赖于原图像. 计算和分析了二元位相密钥的空间分布对水印信息提取质量的影响,计算结果验证了理论的正确性.     

连续变量量子密钥分发的数据逆向协调

基于多级编码/多级译码(MLC/MSD)系统实现了连续变量量子密钥分发的逆向数据协调。讨论了高斯连续变量量化过程中使互信息量最大时最佳量化区间的选取,并且通过理论计算给出了信噪比为4dB的情况下各级等价信道的最佳码率。协调方案中选择低密度奇偶校验码(LDPC)作为信道编码,结合边信息译码原理最终通过LDPC迭代译码算法实现了数据的逆向协调。     

Binary encoding method to encrypt Fourier-transformed information of digital images

An encoding method is used to encrypt the Fourier-transformed information of a hidden (covert) digital image in an overt image, while the Fourier-transformed information must be encoded with binary codes. All of the pixels in an overt image are classified into five groups that are called identification, type, tracing, dimension, and information codes. Identification codes are used to judge if the overt image contains codes that belong to the proposed encoding method or not; type codes are used to judge the encoding type; tracing codes are used to judge the encoding trace; dimension codes are used to judge the size of the hidden information; and information codes are used to decode the hidden information. Applying the proposed encoding method is rather easy, and host images corresponding to overt images are not needed for decoding work. The experiment has demonstrated four types of encoding for the proposed encoding method to reconstruct covert images without any distortion or only with a little distortion.     

Transforming information from spin encoding to route encoding

Spin （polarization） is widely used in free-space optics, while in photouic integrated circuits （PICs）, infor- mation is usually encoded in optical route. So a practical way to connect these two encoding methods is necessary for information communication. In this letter, an encoding convertor is designed to connect spin encoding and route encoding. Finite element method is used to calculate the conversion efficiency and extinction ratio of the encoding convertor and the theoretical analyses are also given. Our protocol shows a friendly way to convert optical spin information to route information, which will promote the compatibility of free-space optics and PICs.     

基于正交化算法的三值互连神经网络模型

提出了以信息损失最少为原则的三值(±1)互连权重编码方法，这种编码方法比以前的三值权重编码方法显著地提高了神经网络的性能。由于互连权重只有三值，恰恰弥补了光互连精度不高的缺点，易于光学实现。     

Use of spatial encoding in NMR photography

NMR photography has gained significant attention as a method of storing and retrieving information using NMR spectroscopy. Among the commonly practiced methods the most important is the frequency encoding by use of a multi-frequency pulse on a liquid crystal molecule. We propose and demonstrate another robust method which relies on spatial encoding. Spatial information is mapped onto the spectrum, if excited and recorded in the presence of a gradient. The encoding is performed by applying a multi-frequency pulse in the presence of a gradient. The subsequent acquisition, under a gradient, helps storing this spatial information on a one-dimensional spectrum. Series of such spectra can also store two-dimensional patterns. This procedure is described and exemplified in this paper.     

基于级联分数傅里叶变换系统的数字水印技术

提出一种基于分数傅里叶变换和随机相位编码的光学加密数字水印技术,可成为一种信息隐藏及保护的有效方案.该数字水印技术对于噪音叠加和常见的图像处理操作具有较强的稳健性.该技术根据光学级联分数傅里叶变换系统,利用两个随机相位分布函数对水印信息编码并经过迭代分数傅里叶变换嵌入到变换域的载体图像中.在水印检测和提取过程中,两个相位分布函数作为密钥.随机相位编码技术的引入,进一步提高了数字水印系统的密钥空间.增强了系统的安全性.该数字水印技术基于光学分数傅里叶变换原理,可以利用光学变换系统方便地实现.     

Digital information encrypted in an image using binary encoding

This paper proposes a new type of encoding methods to encrypt hidden (covert) information in host images. The encrypted information can be plot, fax, word, or network data, and it must be encoded with binary codes. All the pixels in an encoded (overt) image modulated from a host image are classified into three groups. The first group of pixels is called identification codes, used to judge whether the overt image is encoded by a method proposed in this paper or not. The second group of pixels is called type codes, used to judge the encoding type. The third group of pixels is called information codes, used to decode the encoded information. Applying the proposed encoding methods is quite convenient, and host images are not needed for decoding. Decoding covert information from overt images is rather difficult for un-authorized persons, whereas it is very easy for designers or authorized persons. Therefore, the proposed methods are very useful.     

一种基于局部信息统计的虹膜分块编码方法

由于虹膜自身的稳定性、非侵犯性、不可更改性等优点,虹膜识别已经成为生物特征身份鉴别领域中的研究热点。但虹膜丰富的纹理和复杂的结构给特征提取和编码带来了很大困难。为尽可能地简化特征提取和编码方法,提高虹膜识别效率,提出了一种基于局部信息统计的虹膜分块编码方法。对原始人眼图像进行虹膜定位等预处理操作,得到归一化的虹膜纹理图像;分别根据虹膜局部信息与全局信息、局部信息与局部信息之间的比较关系进行分块编码;计算了不同虹膜代码之间的汉明(Hamming)距离。根据汉明距离给出识别结果。实验证明该方法有效、可行,具有较高的识别率和识别速度。     

Digital audio information hiding based on Arnold transformation and double random-phase encoding technique

In this paper, Arnold transformation and double random-phase encoding technique widely used in digital image information hiding are introduced to digital audio information hiding. The digital audio is transformed into a 2-D image called sound map and then the sound map will be divided into many windows and each window will be encrypted based on the Arnold transformation. Finally sound map will be re-encrypted based on double random-phase encoding technique. This method offers many advantages for digital audio information hiding: improve security and high attack immunity.     

Determination of optimal parameters for detecting the existence of secret information hidden by the double random-phase encoding technique

A new method based on statistical hypothesis detection for information hidden using the double random-phase encoding technique is introduced. According to this method, a series of windows are opened on the lowest bit-plane of image, and an exclusive OR (XOR) operation is performed between different pixels in every window. The results of XOR operation are then analyzed. Using this method, we can judge whether an image contains secret information encrypted by the double random-phase encoding technique. The result of the judgment may be influenced by two parameters, namely the size of the window and the threshold value. A further study is also made to determine the optimal parameters.