二步法大景深反射全息图

以开拓反射全息图的景深表达能力为目的,从反射全息图的共轭物像关系出发,利用反射全息图的均匀介质耦合波理论和布拉格条件,对其白光再现像模糊作了具体的分析和讨论,得到色模糊和线模糊的表达式.指出反射全息图上不同各点对任意白光再现像点的色模糊和线迷糊的影响均存在差异,给出反射全息图白光再现像的景深表达式.实验利用二步法制作了一张景深为83 cm的反射全息图,与大景深彩虹全息图再现像相比,其再现像的立体感更加强烈.理论分析和实验结果表明,光源的再现角度和观察距离对反射全息图的再现像景深大小影响显著.在再现光垂直于反射全息图平面照明情况下,反射全息图具有最好的景深表达能力.     

合成狭缝彩虹消色象全息术的研究

本文介绍一种二次曝光合成狭缝彩虹消色象全息术,详细地分析了点源全息图的结构、消色象的分辨率和景深.     

数字全息图再现像的像质改善

基于数字图像处理技术,提出了一套对数字全息图及其再现像进行处理的方法,改善了数字全息图再现像的像质.利用频谱匹配滤波的方法可以有效地滤除零级及孪生像干扰.同时,提出了通过均值滤波、中值滤波等方法降低激光散斑噪音的技术.理论和实验证明,综合而又合理地利用数字图像处理技术可以很大程度地改善数字全息图再现像的像质.     

灰度调整与数字全息图像质的关系

如何在有限的灰度级别下输出高质量全息图是人们关注的问题之一.文章从数字全息图 （计算机制全息图）的灰度直方图出发,研究灰度调整对全息图再现像质的影响.首先通过理论推导研究了压缩计算机制全息图中占比例少的灰度,展宽占比例多的灰度后全息图衍射效率的变化,发现处理后的计算机制全息图经灰度压缩的阈值越大,衍射效率越高.然后研究了灰度压缩的阈值对计算机制全息图再现像噪音的影响,发现全息图再现像的噪音随着阈值的增大,先减少再增大.实验表明,通过取合适的阈值对全息图进行灰度调整,可以在保证全息图再现像的信噪比的同时,提高全息图的衍射效率.计算机仿真和全息图光学再现实验证明了理论分析是正确的,为制作高质量的计算机制全息图提供了参考依据.     

用作图法求全息再现像

本文从物理光学的角度出发，给出两条特殊光线，可用作图法找到全息图再现的原始像和共轭像的位置，定义参考光源与物点的联线为主轴，主轴与全息图的交点为节点。两条特殊光线一条是沿再现照明光源与节点联线方向，称之为不偏折光线。另一条对原始像来说是自照明光发出通过参考光源的一条光线，这条光线经全息图衍射后与不偏折光线的交点即原始像点的位置；对共轭像来说是自照明光源发出通过物点的一条光线，这条光线经全息图衍射后与不偏折光线的交点即共轭像点的位置。     

从线全息图分析彩虹全息

本文从彩虹全息固有的线全息图出发,不采用传统狭缝像的概念来分析彩虹全息的成像机理.论述了线全息图的宽度与再现像最小分辨距离及体视极限的关系;讨论了几种典型彩虹全息术中线全息图的特征及其对再现象的影响,提出并实现了不通过狭缝实像来观察再现像的新方法.     

基于有限脉冲响应滤波器的数字全息零级像消除

针对数字全息中零级像的存在影响数字再现像的质量,分析数字全息图的记录、再现原理及频谱特性,提出了一种利用有限脉冲响应滤波器消除全息图数字再现中零级像的方法.该方法只需记录一幅数字全息图,不需要相移器材或其他辅助设备,直接利用数字图像处理对数字全息图在空域进行预处理,消除全息再现时的零级像干扰.对比了数字模拟和实验拍摄到的全息图在应用有限脉冲响应滤波器消除零级像前后的再现结果,表明该方法可消除零级衍射像,改善重建像质量,并且算法简单.     

单色CCD记录多波长数字全息图及再现像彩色显示

对多波长数字全息图的记录和再现像的彩色显示问题进行了研究.从菲涅耳近似算法出发,对在记录距离一定情况下,不同波长全息图数字再现像的像元所表示的几何尺寸会因波长不同而不同,从而导致各波长再现像无法重合的情况进行了讨论.通过理论分析,讨论了不同波长全息图像素数与再现像像元之间的关系、不同波长全息图记录距离与再现像像元之间的关系,据此得出的解决不同波长再现像重合问题的方法及其对再现像的影响和适用范围等问题；并对合成再现像中原始色彩信息改变及其解决办法进行了分析.通过无透镜傅里叶变换数字全息方法,以632.8 nm和532.0 nm两种波长的激光为光源,用单色CCD进行记录,验证了方法的可行性.     

数字无透镜傅里叶变换全息术中非傍轴及离焦像差的校正

对数字无透镜傅里叶变换全息图直接采用逆傅里叶变换进行物场的数值重建时.需要满足两个条件:第一,全息图的记录过程必须满足傍轴近似条件,否则再现过程中会产生非傍轴像差;第二,记录全息图时物平面与参考点光源到全息图记录平面的距离必须相等,否则再现过程中会产生离焦像差.理论分析了非傍轴及离焦记录条件下数字无透镜傅里叶变换全息图的灰度分布特点,并提出了相应的非傍轴及离焦像差的数值校正方法.根据实际的非傍轴或离焦记录情况.分别给所记录的数字全息图灰度分布矩阵乘以适当的非傍轴或离焦校正因子,以消除灰度矩阵中非傍轴或离焦因素的影响.然后再对校正后的伞息图灰度矩阵做逆傅里叶变换处理.即可得到准确的数字再现像.实验结果表明.该数值重建方法能够有效地消除无透镜傅里叶变换全息术中数字再现像的非傍轴像差及离焦像差,提高再现像的质量.     

傅里叶变换计算全息彩色再现

通过博奇编码获得傅里叶变换计算全息图,将其加载在空间光调制器上进行光学再现,分析了影响再现像分辨率和色彩还原性的因素.实验结果表明:基元尺寸与再现像的大小与中心位置成反比;单色光波长与再现像的大小与中心位置成正比;滤光片三基色的透过率不同和半高全宽将分别影响再现像的色彩还原性和分辨率;CMOS三基色的光谱灵敏度不同也是再现像色彩失真的原因之一.基元尺寸和波长的影响用比例系数修正,滤光片与CMOS的影响用权重系数修正,实现了彩色再现像的色彩不失真合成.     

参考粒子在α磁铁中的运动

给出参考粒子对α磁铁入出射角的理论计算, 以及参考粒子在均匀梯度磁场内运动轨迹的解析解, 从物理上解释了α磁铁的消色散原理.     

无参考图像质量评价方法的设计原则

对于无法获得参考图像的图像处理系统,无参考（NR）图像质量评价具有重要意义。讨论了NR图像质量评价的基本问题,介绍了NR图像质量评价方法的基本原理,重点描述了基于块效应、图像模糊和交互神经进化的NR图像质量评价方法的内容。根据现有的NR图像质量方法都存在针对特定的类型而设计的缺陷,应用模糊测度和模糊积分,结合人类视觉系统（HVS）特性,并考虑盲失真度量遵循量化质量定律,提出了一个全面的NR图像质量评价方法的设计原则。     

A quantitative measurement of binocular fusion for achromatic and chromatic colors

Optical Review - The stereo image consisting of an achromatic image and a chromatic image (mixed stereo pair) can be fused as a three-dimensional (3D) color scene by human observers. It is said...     

Large deformation measurement scheme for 3D digital image correlation method

Difficulties often arise for digital image correlation (DIC) technique when serious de-correlation occurs between the reference image and the deformed image due to large deformation. An updating reference image scheme could be employed to deal with large deformation situation, however that will introduce accumulated errors. A large deformation measurement scheme, combining improved coarse search method and updating reference image scheme, is proposed in this paper. For a series of deformation images, the correlation calculation begins with a seed point and spreads out. An improved coarse search method is developed to calculate the initial correlation parameters for the seed point, which guarantees that the correlation calculation can be carried out successfully even in large deformation situation. Only for extremely large deformation, the reference image is updated. Using this method, not only extremely large deformation can be measured successfully but also the accumulated error could be controlled. A polymer material tensile test and a foam compression test are used to verify the proposed scheme. Experimental results show that up to 450% tensile deformation and 83% compression deformation can be measured successfully.     

Incremental calculation for large deformation measurement using reliability-guided digital image correlation

Conventional digital image correlation (DIC) technique using a fixed reference image provides high-accuracy measurements but normally fails when serious decorrelation effect occurs in the deformed images due to large deformation, serious illumination fluctuations or other reasons. In this paper, an incremental reliability-guided digital image correlation (RG-DIC) technique, by combining the recently developed RG-DIC technique and an automatic reference image updating scheme, is proposed for large deformation measurement. In the incremental RG-DIC technique, a seed point is defined in the original reference image and searched in the deformed images, if the estimated correlation coefficient is larger than a preset threshold, which means no serious decorrelation effect exists in the deformed image, the RG-DIC technique is used to continue correlation analysis to obtain full-field displacements. Otherwise, the image recorded just before the current deformed image is chosen as an updated reference image to proceed with correlation analysis. Afterwards, the incremental displacements extracted by comparing the current deformed image and the updated reference image can be cumulated to determine the overall deformation. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is demonstrated by retrieving the full-field deformation of a foam sample subjected to large compressive deformation.     

Digital image correlation for large deformation applied in Ti alloy compression and tension test

In this paper, digital speckle correlation is used in the measurement of Ti alloy compression and tension test. The key technologies applied in the measurement are discussed in detail, including camera calibration with telephoto lens and digital image correlation in large deformation. Single camera self-calibration algorithm based on photogrammetry is proposed. In the algorithm, the interior parameters of camera are estimated without calibrated object, using the bundle adjustment technique, so the 3-D coordinates of calibration target points are not needed in advance to get a reliable camera calibration result. An updating reference image scheme could be employed to deal with large deformation situation. A large deformation measurement scheme, updating reference image scheme, is proposed in this paper. The un-deformed image is used as reference in correlation at first. Only for extremely large deformation field, in which iteration of correlation is not convergent, the reference image is updated to the image of previous deformed stage. Using this method, not only extremely large deformation can be measured successfully but also the accumulated error could be controlled. The 75 mm lens is calibrated in the measurement and compared the result with extensometer and un-calibrated image. Experimental results show that up to 150% tensile deformation and 50% compression deformation can be measured successfully.     

多帧距离选通图像点扩散函数估计的超分辨率重建

为了解决水下激光距离选通图像成像过程中退化模型复杂的难题,提出了利用连续帧图像估计点扩散函数的距离选通超分辨成像方法。首先,从连续帧图像中选取一帧为参考帧作为初始清晰图像,下一帧图像为模糊图像,用梯度约束的方法求出点扩散函数,用于优化清晰图像;然后,依次将后续帧图像当作模糊图像与清晰图像交替迭代求取点扩散函数并优化更新清晰图像;最后获得的清晰图像与参考帧图像用乘法更新的方法估计点扩散函数,结合凸集投影法算法进行超分辨率成像重建。仿真实验结果表明,改进的算法重建图像分辨率和质量明显优于原始的算法。     

真彩色体视全息图

用三色光栅照相机拍摄景物的两张视差照片，然后用单色激光器经二次曝光全息记录制成一张真彩色体视全息图，在普通白炽灯照明下可再现真彩色体视全息像.该方法制作过程更简单，减少了散斑噪音，消除了彩色全息像的色差，得到的全息像清晰明亮，色彩真实，立体感强.     

Aberration-corrected catadioptric magnifiers useful for simple microfiche readers

The present paper considers the magnifying power and aberration properties of three different catadioptric magnifying systems useful for application as simple hand-held microfiche readers. These are in the form of a plano-convex lens, a meniscus lens and an achromatic doublet lens and all their outer surfaces have been coated with a semi-reflecting film so that they behave like catadioptric elements. These can be designed to give magnification in the range of 15 × to 25 × with sufficient eye relief. Using such magnifiers, it is possible to read microfiche having frame sizes of 16 × 12 mm and 12 × 9 mm. The cemented achromatic doublet coated on the outer surfaces seems to give a very good image for use in microfiche reader.