丝光沸石的Monte Carla研究：Ⅱ.脱铝丝光沸石的骨架硅,铝分布

以马尔可夫链近似模拟线光沸石脱铝过程，用ＭｏｎｔｅＣａｒｌｏ方法计算脱铝丝光沸石中骨架Ｓｉ－Ａｌ近邻分布｛Ｓｉ（ｎ－Ａｌ）；ｎ＝０－４｝和Ａｌ－Ａｌ次部分布｛Ａｌ（ｍ－Ａｌ）；ｍ＝０－３｝随铝浓度的演化。为使Ｓｉ－Ａｌ近邻分布与对脱铝丝光沸石样品的＾２＾９ＳｉＭＡＳＮＭＲ观测相符，而得到丝光沸石弱酸铝易于解脱的结论，这个结构与八面沸石弱酸铝易于解脱相反。根据计算丝光沸石脱铝的开始阶段，强酸中心...     

改性丝光沸石结构研究

通过红外光谱、X射线衍射和差热分析研究表明 ,丝光沸石经铝代硅改性后 ,仍然保留丝光沸石晶格构造。但是 ,由于出现过剩负电荷 ,Na ,K 等阳离子补偿到晶格中 ,导致由阳离子的水合作用定位结合的结晶水增多。铝代替硅的另一结果是丝光沸石单位晶胞体积扩大 ,导致丝光沸石中的空穴体积也增大 ,使其吸附容量增加。     

丝光沸石的电导性能研究

测量了天然丝光沸石的总电导率和电子电导率,不同含水量时的电导率和活化能以及不同交换离子时的电导率和活化能.研究表明,丝光沸石在自然环境中具有10^-5-10^-6(Ω.cm)^-1的电导率,以离子电导为主.丝光沸石电导率的变化反映了它的结构变化. 关键词：     

天然丝光沸石对进入其孔道的Sn^2＋的氧化作用

以穆斯堡尔谱为手段，对与二价锡盐进行离子交换的天然丝光沸石以及交换前后的盐溶液烘干样品进行了研究，分析了锡离子的价态。发现天然丝光沸石对进 入其孔道内的Ｓｎ＾２＋具有氧化作用。     

丝光沸石的Monte Carlo研究：Ⅲ.酸性与骨架Al—Al次邻分布的关联

基于“酸位效率参量”的定义，对Ｂａｒｔｈｏｍｅｕｆ定义的铝原子酸效率参量αｏ作出诠释。强调αｏ不仅是铝浓度赖而且是样品铝分布状态依赖的。具有相同Ｓｉ／Ａｌ的丝光沸石原粉与经历过脱铝的丝光沸石，二者骨架硅，铝分布有很大区别。根据＾２＾９ＳｉＭＡＳＮＭＲ拟谱我们曾推断丝光沸石的强酸位更易于从骨架解脱，并进一步予言脱铝丝光沸石所进行的氨ＴＰＤ实验所获二者的酸量及酸量／铝原子含量比率的数据。     

脱铝丝光沸石中扭曲四配位铝的27Al 3Q MAS NMR研究

用²⁷Al MAS,3Q MAS NMR研究了脱铝的丝光沸石和无定形硅铝胶中的铝配位态，在丝光沸石中检测到归属于扭曲四配位铝（Distorted Tetrahedrally Coordinated Al, DTA）的信号，通过与无定形硅铝胶的比较，发现扭曲四配位铝的存在是活化和脱铝酸性沸石的典型特征. 从这些结果推断：DTA可能是沸石骨架脱铝形成非骨架铝的中间状态.     

平行流热管换热器传热传质特性的数值模拟研究

建筑排风冷能回收是降低建筑能耗的重要手段。本文基于Fluent提供的VOF模型,编写蒸发冷凝相变的UDF程序,对用于建筑排风冷量回收的平行流热管内部的蒸发和冷凝特性进行了数值模拟,计算结果揭示了平行流热管内的气液两相流特性以及复杂相变传热传质的演变过程。结果表明:蒸发主要发生在液池内部,冷凝主要发生在冷凝段和绝热段的近壁面部位;相变传质过程是保证热管高效换热的关键因素。本文结果为设计平行流热管换热器提供理论依据。     

有限空间内气液相变传热特性的实验研究

与常规温差发电器相比,气液相变式温差发电器利用相变腔的结构灵活性和相变介质的高效传热特性提升发电性能。然而,目前已有的对于相变腔内复杂的沸腾–冷凝耦合传热问题的研究较少,基于此,本文试图通过开展相关实验探究有限空间内的沸腾–冷凝耦合相变传热特性。本实验搭建了沸腾和冷凝耦合相变传热实验台,主要研究了加热功率、相变介质充液率、冷凝换热面积等参数对相变传热特性的影响。结果表明：相变腔的总热阻随加热功率的增大而减小;相变腔存在最优相变介质充液率,相变介质充液率过高或过低均不利于整体的相变传热性能,在本实验条件下,最佳充液率为50%;当沸腾换热面积不变时,减小冷凝换热面积有利于强化相变腔的传热性能。     

微通道内光热相变驱动流体运动特性研究

本文通过可视化实验,对微通道内光热效应致相变驱动流体运动特性进行了研究,通过红外聚焦激光跟随微通道内液柱气液界面进行加热持续产生的蒸发冷凝-聚合过程对液柱进行连续驱动。实验研究了激光功率、加热点位置对相变过程中的界面行为、冷凝液滴分布、驱动速率的影响规律。结果表明,激光功率越高,光斑距离界面越近,液柱蒸发速率越大,蒸汽浓度高,冷凝液滴分布越密集,驱动流体流动速度越快。     

相变区硅薄膜拉曼和红外光谱分析

采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)技术制备了一系列不同氢稀释率下的硅薄膜,采用拉曼散射光谱和傅里叶红外光谱技术研究了非晶/微晶相变区硅薄膜的微观结构变化,将次晶结构(paracrystalline structure)引入到非晶/微晶相变区硅薄膜结构中,提出了次晶粒体积分数(f_p),用来表征硅薄膜中程有序程度。结果表明,氢稀释率的提高导致硅薄膜经历了从非晶硅到微晶硅的相变过程,在相变区靠近非晶相的一侧,硅薄膜表现出氢含量高、结构致密和中程有序度高等特性,氢在薄膜的生长中主要起到表面钝化作用。在相变区靠近微晶相的一侧,硅薄膜具有氢含量低、晶化率高和界面体积分数小等特性,揭示了氢的刻蚀作用主控了薄膜生长过程。采用扫描电子显微镜对样品薄膜的表面形貌进行分析,验证了拉曼散射光谱和傅里叶红外光谱的分析结果。非晶/微晶相变区尤其是相变区边缘硅薄膜结构特性优良,在太阳能电池应用中适合用作硅基薄膜电池本征层。     

PZN的高压拉曼散射研究

ＰＺＮ的高压拉曼散射研究孟进芳黄亚彬莫育俊（河南大学物理系开封４７５００１）ＲａｍａｎＳｃａｔｅｒｉｎｇｏｆＰＺＮｕｎｄｅｒＨｉｇｈＰｒｅｓｕｒｅＭｅｎｇＪｉｎｆａｎｇ，ＨｕａｎｇＹａｂｉｎ，ＭｏＹｕｊｕｎ（ＰｈｙｓｉｃｓＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＨ...     

Effect of electric field on the percolation phase transition in lead scandotantalate single crystals

The effect of a dc electric field on the phase transition process in lead scandotantalate single crystals differing in the degree of ion ordering has been studied by small-angle light scattering (SAS). The spontaneous phase transition occurring in these crystals is shown to be accompanied by a sharp SAS intensity peak indicating the percolation nature of this transition. A phase diagram in the field-temperature coordinates has been constructed for all the PST crystals studied in the work. The electric field and the temperature variation rate have been found to affect the SAS intensity.     

Domain structure in ferroelectric-ferromagnetic films

The conditions for the phase transition to the ferroelectromagnetic phase in ferroelectric-ferromagnetic films through the mechanism of the loss of stability of the initial homogeneous state have been considered. The geometry of the domain structure and the temperature of the transition to the inhomogeneous state have been determined. The condition for the phase transition to the ferroelectromagnetic phase has been established and determined by the relationship between the temperature-dependent coefficients of the expansion of the thermodynamic potential into a series in terms of the polarization and magnetization vector components. The influence of free charge carriers on the geometry of the domain structure and the transition temperature has been studied. The possible existence of a single-domain state has been discussed. The permittivity of a multidomain sample has been determined. The feasibility of exploiting the studied material for nondestructive recording and reading of information has been noted.     

Phase transitions between orthogonal and tilted hexatic phases

Tilt-driven phase transitions between hexatic smectic phases: SmF-HexB and reversed HexB-SmF have been studied in compounds belonging to two enaminoketone derivative homologue series. The tilt angle order parameter has been measured and its temperature dependence near the phase transition point has been described by applying mean-field model. For both phase sequences the tricritical points have been observed on phase transition lines in binary mixtures of respective materials having first and second order phase transitions between hexatic phases. Received 21 June 1999     

Spontaneous phase transitions in ferrite garnet films

Spontaneous phase transitions in ferrite garnet films have been studied. It has been shown that, with variations in the temperature, domain walls undergo phase transitions which cause spontaneous phase transitions in the lattice of cylindrical magnetic domains. The phase transition in a domain wall causes a spin-reorientation phase transition over the whole sample near the magnetic compensation point. The character of the phase transition in the domain wall determines the mechanism of the spin-reorientation phase transition.     

Structural phase transition in pyrene - how does it occur?

The phase transition in pyrene crystal has been studied by a continuous differential optical transmittance measurement. The result suggests that the transition around 120 K is of the first order structural transition and occurs domain by domain which are formed temporarily in the crystal. In some crystals the phase transition does not occur around 120 K but only a variation of the lattice constants occurs.     

关于铁电相变的一个唯象讨论

从不可逆过程热力学的角度研究了铁电相变中的不可逆性.一级铁电相变中的热滞及铁电体的多畴结构,可以在最小熵产生原理的基础上得到说明.并得出结论,热滞并不是一级铁电相变体系的内禀性质,体系表面的有限性与热滞是有关的. 关键词： 热滞 畴构型 不可逆性 最小熵产生     

Fermi surface reconstruction in strongly correlated Fermi systems as a first-order phase transition

A quantum phase transition in strongly correlated Fermi systems beyond the topological quantum critical point has been studied using the Fermi liquid approach. The transition takes place between topologically equivalent states with three Fermi surface sheets, but one of them is characterized by a quasiparticle halo in the quasiparticle momentum distribution n(p), and the other one is characterized by a hole pocket. It has been found that the transition between these states is a first-order phase transition for the interaction constant g and temperature T. The phase diagram in the vicinity of this transition has been constructed.     

Nuclear magnetic resonance study of potassium dihydrophosphate

A powder sample of potassium dihydrophosphate KH₂PO₄ has been studied by the ³¹P NMR method in a wide temperature range covering the ferroelectric phase transition. Changes in the position and shape of the resonance line at the transition to the ferroelectric phase have been revealed. The parameters of the chemical shift tensor of ³¹P (isotropic shift, anisotropy, and asymmetry) in the ferroelectric phase have been calculated from the experimental data. A sharp increase in the anisotropy of the tensor at the phase transition has been demonstrated. Dielectric measurements have also been carried out to verify the transition temperature.     

给定压力下纯铁材料的冲击相变与层裂特性研究

采用VISAR测量样品自由面速度剖面和回收样品观测分析联合技术,开展等厚对称碰撞实验,结合文献中的实验结果,研究了冲击加载压力大于纯铁材料冲击相变阈值约2~5 GPa和大于冲击相变阈值约10 GPa两种压力状态下纯铁材料的加卸载历程及各相区的变化,并从应力波相互作用的角度,指出了冲击加载压力略大于纯铁材料相变阈值约2 GPa时,等厚对称碰撞样品"反常"二次层裂与冲击相变及逆相变的关联机制。