Analysis of ferroresonance in neutral grounding system with nonlinear core loss

The chaotic behaviour exhibited by a typical ferroresonant circuit in a neutral grounding system is investigated in this paper. In most earlier ferroresonance studies the core loss of the power transformer was neglected or represented by a linear resistance. However, this is not always true. In this paper the core loss of the power transformer is modelled by a third order series in voltage and the magnetization characteristics of the transformer are modelled by an 11th order two-term polynomial. Extensive simulations are carried out to analyse the effect of nonlinear core loss on transformer ferroresonance. A detailed analysis of simulation results demonstrates that, with the nonlinear core loss model used, the onset of chaos appears at a larger source voltage and the transient duration is shorter.     

强流碳纳米管阴极快脉冲重频发射特性

在Cu基底上, 采用催化热解生长法制备了石墨化程度较高的碳纳米管阴极. 当电子束能量达到1 MeV、梯度约为60 kV/ns时, 发射束流强度达到15 kA, 相应密度约为1 kA/cm², 束压、束流响应快, 波形间几无延时. 以50 Hz重复频率、约15 GW束功率强流发射时, 波形稳定, 随着频率增高, 稳定性降低. 发射炮次达1000后, 表面形貌保持完整、界面无脱附; 束压与束流基本满足空间电荷限制定律, 发射机理属闪络型等离子体发射, 等离子体速度约为3.9 cm/μs.     

Dynamic analysis and fractional-order adaptive sliding mode control for a novel fractional-order ferroresonance system

Ferroresonance is a complex nonlinear electrotechnical phenomenon, which can result in thermal and electrical stresses on the electric power system equipments due to the over voltages and over currents it generates. The prediction or determination of ferroresonance depends mainly on the accuracy of the model used. Fractional-order models are more accurate than the integer-order models. In this paper, a fractional-order ferroresonance model is proposed. The influence of the order on the dynamic behaviors of this fractional-order system under different parameters n and F is investigated.Compared with the integral-order ferroresonance system, small change of the order not only affects the dynamic behavior of the system, but also significantly affects the harmonic components of the system. Then the fractional-order ferroresonance system is implemented by nonlinear circuit emulator. Finally, a fractional-order adaptive sliding mode control(FASMC)method is used to eliminate the abnormal operation state of power system. Since the introduction of the fractional-order sliding mode surface and the adaptive factor, the robustness and disturbance rejection of the controlled system are enhanced. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that the proposed FASMC controller works well for suppression of ferroresonance over voltage.     

Strom-Spannungsabhängigkeit bei der Photoleitung in Isolatoren mit Störstellen und nachlieferndem Kontakt

The total current (photocurrent plus dark current) through an insulator with one ohmic contact is obtained. The insulator contains a single, discrete trap level and in addition fixed holes as recombination centers. From the total current, the photocurrent-voltage characteristic is derived. For shallow traps only, the photocurrent after an ohmic range, continuously turns into saturation. For deep traps only, however, below the threshold voltage for the onset of the space-charge-limited dark current, the photocurrent-voltage characteristic is considerably influenced by the rate of excitation by light. The superlinear rise of the photocurrent with voltage (at low rates of excitation) changes into a linear and furthermore into a sublinear rise with increasing rate of excitation. Near the threshold voltage the photocurrent passes through a maximum at very low rates of excitation because the deep traps are filled with electrons from the ohmic contact. The corresponding maximum gain may be by orders of magnitude greater than the saturation gain.     

Effect of metal oxide arrester on the chaotic oscillations in the voltage transformer with nonlinear core loss model using chaos theory

In this paper, controlling chaos when chaotic ferroresonant oscillations occur in a voltage transformer with nonlinear core loss model is performed. The effect of a parallel metal oxide surge arrester on the ferroresonance oscillations of voltage transformers is studied. The metal oxide arrester(MOA) is found to be effective in reducing ferroresonance chaotic oscillations. Also the multiple scales method is used to analyze the chaotic behavior and different types of fixed points in ferroresonance of voltage transformers considering core loss. This phenomenon has nonlinear chaotic dynamics and includes sub-harmonic, quasi-periodic, and also chaotic oscillations. In this paper, the chaotic behavior and various ferroresonant oscillation modes of the voltage transformer is studied. This phenomenon consists of different types of bifurcations such as period doubling bifurcation(PDB), saddle node bifurcation(SNB), Hopf bifurcation(HB), and chaos. The dynamic analysis of ferroresonant circuit is based on bifurcation theory. The bifurcation and phase plane diagrams are illustrated using a continuous method and linear and nonlinear models of core loss. To analyze ferroresonance phenomenon, the Lyapunov exponents are calculated via the multiple scales method to obtain Feigenbaum numbers. The bifurcation diagrams illustrate the variation of the control parameter. Therefore, the chaos is created and increased in the system.     

基于IGBT的大功率H桥快控电源控制策略

为了控制快速变化的等离子体垂直位移,研制了基于IGBT的大功率H桥快速可控电源,额定参数为500 V/3 kA。旧的快控电源由于结构以及控制策略的原因,导致IGBT关断过电压高、工作频率低、续流过程不可控产生的电压宽脉冲等问题。针对这些不足,新的H桥快速控制电源首先重新设计了电源的结构,使其更加紧凑,减小了电源的寄生电感,从而降低了IGBT的关断过电压。其次,通过改变电源的控制方式,电源的工作频率达到IGBT开关频率的2倍,增大了电源输出电压的频率,等效提高了电源的快速响应能力。同时,为电源重新设计了一种可控的续流方式,通过对IGBT的控制改变电路的续流回路,使续流过程可控。通过实验研究可知,电源的响应时间为125 s,在等离子体位移发生变化时电流能够快速响应,控制等离子体位移,保证托卡马克装置的正常放电,并且通过新的续流控制方式,使电源在续流时不会再出现续流不可控导致的宽电压脉冲问题,输出电压能够有效地跟踪给定电压值变化。     

基于单片机控制的超声波换能器设计与实现

为了提高超声波换能器电源的智能性和通用性,本文提出了一套以高性能ds PIC30F4011单片机为控制核心的换能器电源解决方案,并进行了相关的软硬件设计。该方案基于键盘输入选择标称频率拓宽了换能器的标称频率选型范围;基于最大电流法检测谐振点设定最佳频率保证了换能器电声转换的高效性;基于电压反馈检测调整输出电压和保持换能器的功率稳定,主要检测过程采用软件实现。实验结果证明采用该方案的超声波换能器电源具有现实可行性。     

Ni-Zn铁氧体的动态磁特性

设计并制作了基于没有附加磁芯复位电路的单级、双级磁脉冲压缩系统电路,用于测试Ni-Zn铁氧体磁芯在μs及亚μs级脉冲激励下的动态磁特性。磁芯的磁滞回线由测量到的磁开关两端电压和电流数据经计算得到,由磁滞回线可知磁芯在μs及亚μs级脉冲激励下的各种特性参数如饱和磁感应强度、剩余磁感应强度、矩形比、磁通密度跳变、矫顽力、饱和磁场强度及单位体积材料磁滞损耗;通过比较两块磁芯在μs及亚μs级脉冲激励下的各种动态磁特性参数可知:两块磁芯随激励脉冲宽度变窄磁芯磁性能有不同程度的下降,亚μs级脉冲激励下的矫顽力和单位体积材料磁滞损耗都比μs级脉冲激励下增大约3倍;饱和磁感应强度小、剩余磁感应强度大的Ni-Zn铁氧体磁芯动态磁特性性能优异,适合用于更窄脉冲的压缩电路中。     

含电磁式电压互感器的铁磁混沌电路的分析研究

本文对实际变电站进行抽象简化, 得到了一个含单相电磁式电压互感器的三阶非自治电路, 由于激励是周期性的正弦函数, 增加一个时间维, 得到一个四阶自治电路. 经过理论分析与仿真研究, 结果表明该电路系统中确实存在铁磁混沌, 并得出电磁式电压互感器铁芯励磁特性是影响该电路混沌动力学行为的重要因素的结论. 关键词： 铁磁混沌 励磁特性 非线性     

Critical current measurement in superconducting rings using an automatic inductive technique

A measurement technique was developed to identify the critical current of superconducting rings. It is based on the detection of the voltage on a secondary coil when the current induced in the superconductor by a primary one go beyond to the critical value. The technique uses a DC power supply to control the AC current circulating by the primary circuit. Such circuit mainly consists on an AC power supply which gives a constant AC voltage, a primary inducting coil and a control coil with iron core. The AC current circulating by this circuit is modified with the change in the impedance of the control coil due to the fact of the DC current supplied by the power supply in parallel with it.     

基于磁隔离驱动的亚微秒高压脉冲电源

为满足不可逆电穿孔对高压纳秒脉冲电源的需求,并且突破电源模块耐压的限制,提出了一款以正极性Marx为主电路、具有ns级前沿的高重复频率的亚微秒高压脉冲电源。该脉冲电源使用光纤传输信号,经过驱动芯片放大信号后,利用磁芯变压器传递驱动信号给MOSFET。磁芯变压器给电路提供了磁隔离,使驱动电路不会受高压输出的影响,提高了电路的耐压水平。驱动电路设计简单,所需元器件较少,可提供负压偏置,使开关管可靠关断,提高电路的抗电磁干扰能力,保障电路稳定运行。此电源由16级电路构成,实验表明:在10 kΩ纯阻性负载上,当输入电压为630 V时,即可得到10 kV的高压输出。其最小脉宽为300 ns,频率1 Hz～10 kHz可调。该脉冲电源结构紧凑,能够做到输出电压、脉宽、频率可调。研究了磁芯材料和匝数对驱动脉宽的影响。结果表明:匝比的增加会影响信号脉宽,在一定的条件下,单匝电感量的差异和磁芯材料的不同对信号脉宽的影响较小。     

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在现场完成发电机定子铁心叠片及紧压工作后,必须进行发电机定子铁心磁化试验以便检查铁心叠片是否有短路及螺栓是否压紧等。通过给缠绕在定子铁心上的励磁绕组通入交流电流,从而在铁心内部产生铁心损耗,使铁心发热,通过测量铁心各部温升根据试验标准判断铁心是否合格。由于300MVA脉冲发电机的工作频率是变化的而非常规的50Hz工频,因此通过计算获得了变频67Hz和99.6Hz下定子铁心的单位铁损耗。脉冲发电机的定子铁心磁化试验结果表明定子铁心装压质量及绝缘是合格的。试验结果为变频率工作的发电机的铁心磁化试验提供参考。     

基于自适应加速移频的PV孤岛检测与仿真

针对并网光伏(PV)系统的孤岛检测问题,提出一种复合负脉冲电流幅值干扰的自适应加速移频法。基于公共耦合点电压频率朝某个方向的持续变化次数,该方法对频率偏移正反馈系数进行自适应分段调节以加速频率偏移越限,如果变化次数超过12次,且频率仍未越限,则施加持续2个工频周期的负脉冲电流幅值干扰,触发欠压保护,从而检测出孤岛。Matlab仿真表明,与传统的AFD方法相比,该方法不仅对电网谐波影响小,而且孤岛检测盲区小,能有效在高速自动重合闸动作之前使光伏系统与电网解列,具有重要的应用价值。     

Microsecond Pulsed Hollow Cathode Lamp as Enhanced Excitation Source of Hydride Generation Atomic Fluorescence SpectrometrySCIEI北大核心CSCD

The spectral, electrical and atomic fluorescence characteristics of As, Se, Sb and Pb hollow cathode lamps (HCLs) powered by a laboratory-built high current microsecond pulse (HCMP) power supply were studied, and the feasibility of using HCMP-HCLs as the excitation source of hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS) was evaluated. Under the HCNfP power supply mode, the As, Se, Sb, Pb HCLs can maintain stable glow discharge at frequency of 100-1 000 Hz, pulse width of 4.0-20 mu s and pulse current up to 4. 0 A. Relationship between the intensity of characteristic emission lines and HCMP power supply parameters, such as pulse current, power supply voltage, pulse width and frequency, was studied in detail. Compared with the conventional pulsed (CP) HCLs used in commercial AFS instruments, HCMP-HCLs have a narrower pulse width and much stronger pulse current. Under the optimized HCMP power supply parameters, the intensity of atomic emission lines of As, Se, Sb HCLs had sharp enhancement and that indicated their capacity of being a novel HG-AFS excitation source. However, the attenuation of atomic lines and enhancement of ionic lines negated such feasibility of HCMP-Pb HCL. Then the HG-AFS analytical capability of using the HCMP-As/Se/Sb HCLs excitation source was established and results showed that the HCMP-HCL is a promising excitation source for HG-AFS.     

CSNS/RCS脉冲电源均匀传输线障碍点分析

通过研究均匀传输线特征阻抗失配原理,发现传输电缆特征阻抗失配会导致负载终端励磁电流幅值发生畸变。对电源主电路关键参数进行分析,发现均匀传输线匹配阻抗失配会造成磁铁处励磁电流幅值变小,上升时间变短。建立均匀传输线障碍点等效模型,推导出脉冲电源传输线障碍点处反射系数,对串联电阻和并联电阻障碍点深入分析,发现传输线特征阻抗失配,会导致匹配负载处有功功率减小。最后通过高压电缆被击穿故障使其得以验证。     

氢化物发生原子荧光光谱分析中的微秒脉冲供电空心阴极灯激发光源

利用实验室研制的大电流微秒脉冲(HCMP)电源对As,Se,Sb,Pb空心阴极灯(HCL)供电,研究了HCMP-HCL的发射光谱、电学性质、荧光光谱,评估其作为氢化物发生原子荧光光谱(HG-AFS)激发光源的可行性。HCMP供电As,Se,Sb,Pb HCL可在脉冲频率100～1 000 Hz、脉冲宽度4.0～20 μs、最大峰值电流4.0 A下维持稳定放电;研究了HCMP-HCL特征谱线发射强度与脉冲电流、供电电压、脉冲频率、脉冲宽度等供电参数之间的关系;与目前商品常规脉冲供电(CP)的HCL相比,HCMP-HCL的供电脉冲宽度更窄、峰值电流更高。在优化的HCMP供电参数下,As,Se,Sb HCL发射光谱中的原子线强度有较大幅度提高,可能用作HG-AFS新型激发光源,而Pb HCL发射光谱中的离子线强度增强、原子线强度降低,不适合做HG-AFS激发光源。以HCMP供电As,Se,Sb HCL为激发光源的HCMP-HCL是一种极有发展前景的HG-AFS新型激发光源。     

便携式谐振倍压电容充电电源的设计

对输入电压为24 V,输出电压3 kV的便携式谐振倍压电容充电电源进行了设计与验证。针对高变压比的特点,电源采用串联谐振拓扑与倍压整流相结合的拓扑结构,避免了高频变压器副边匝数过多、分布参数过大可能造成的不利影响。对高频变压器、谐振电容、开关器件等核心元件进行了设计和调试。最后采用该电源进行电容充电实验,其测试结果验证了设计的正确性。     

基于直接数字合成技术超声电源控制器的研究

功率超声技术在国民经济各部门的日益广泛应用,越来越需要一种通用型智能化大功率超声电源。控制器是大功率超声电源的核心,它应具有根据大功率超声应用的具体情况自动跟踪振动系统的谐振频率和进行功率大小自动控制的功能。本文以现场可编程门阵列器件(FPGA)作为控制器核心,采用直接数字频率合成技术控制信号输出频率,用改变输出信号占空比的方式实现功率调整,用振动系统的电流和电压相位差信息自动跟踪频率。仿真结果表明,该控制器不仅对信号频率稳定性高,便于功率调整,而且易于实现频率自动跟踪。     

级联型高压重复频率微秒脉冲源的研制

针对等离子体的应用,基于级联型电压叠加技术研制了一种最高输出电压为20 kV的高压微秒脉冲源,该电源由40个相同的电源模块组成,其单个模块电压等级为500 V,降低了对器件的绝缘耐压要求。电源的输出电压值在0~20 kV之间可调;重复频率在0~10 kHz之间、脉宽在0~30 μs之间可调;该电源的上升沿和下降沿均在1 μs以内。模块化的设计提高了电源的冗余容错能力。将该电源作为产生等离子体的激励源时,其输出的高压脉冲波形稳定,且根据负载对输出高压波形的要求不同,该电源可以方便地进行调节。