300MVA脉冲发电机定子铁心磁化试验

在现场完成发电机定子铁心叠片及紧压工作后,必须进行发电机定子铁心磁化试验以便检查铁心叠片是否有短路及螺栓是否压紧等。通过给缠绕在定子铁心上的励磁绕组通入交流电流,从而在铁心内部产生铁心损耗,使铁心发热,通过测量铁心各部温升根据试验标准判断铁心是否合格。由于300MVA脉冲发电机的工作频率是变化的而非常规的50Hz工频,因此通过计算获得了变频67Hz和99.6Hz下定子铁心的单位铁损耗。脉冲发电机的定子铁心磁化试验结果表明定子铁心装压质量及绝缘是合格的。试验结果为变频率工作的发电机的铁心磁化试验提供参考。     

脉冲磁化条件下非晶磁芯的损耗特性

基于工频或高频磁化条件下磁芯的测试数据不能准确反映磁芯在单次脉冲磁化下的性能,给出了一种脉冲磁化条件下磁芯性能的测试方法和数据处理方法,实验研究了快脉冲磁化条件下非晶态合金磁芯的损耗特性,磁芯最短饱和时间67 ns,最大磁化速率达到40 T/s。通过数据处理,给出了磁芯损耗与磁化速率的关系曲线,获得了不同磁化速率下磁芯的损耗数据。分析了脉冲磁化条件下涡流损耗和磁滞损耗所占的比例。研究结果表明:脉冲磁化条件下非晶态合金磁芯损耗与磁化速率关系符合饱和波模型,磁芯损耗随磁化速率增大而线性增大。     

纳米晶磁芯恒定磁化速率磁性能参数

设计加工了一套可用于测量环形磁芯在8～12 T/s恒定磁化速率下脉冲性能的实验平台,该实验装置主要包括脉冲形成网络、放电开关、匹配负载及被测磁芯。基于该平台对国产的铁基纳米晶磁芯的磁化曲线进行了测试,得到了铁基纳米晶磁芯在200～300 ns范围内的损耗和非饱和脉冲导磁率。实验结果表明:铁基纳米晶磁芯的相对脉冲导磁率随着磁感应增量增大及工作脉宽减小而减小,磁芯损耗则逐渐增大。     

两种减少高温超导风机交流损耗的结构优化方法北大核心

超导线圈的制冷问题是高温超导(HTS)风力发电机研究中的一个重点,尤其是在使用接触式制冷的超导电机中,现有制冷机的制冷功率普遍较低,这就要求超导线圈的交流损耗不能太大。在超导风力发电机中,为了减少交流损耗,通常将超导线圈放置在转子中作为励磁线圈使用。在定子齿部材料为铁磁材料的旋转电机中,气隙磁场会发生畸变,转子旋转时超导线圈处会出现交变磁场,产生交流损耗。通过有限元软件仿真,以使用接触式制冷系统的2.5MW高温超导风力发电机为研究对象,证明使用铁磁材料的定子齿部结构是造成超导线圈处交变磁场和交流损耗的主要原因。采用均一化模型计算交流损耗,提出两种减小交变磁场和交流损耗的结构优化方法,即定子齿部采用非磁性材料和在气隙处增加磁屏蔽层。     

两种减少高温超导风机交流损耗的结构优化方法

超导线圈的制冷问题是高温超导(HTS)风力发电机研究中的一个重点,尤其是在使用接触式制冷的超导电机中,现有制冷机的制冷功率普遍较低,这就要求超导线圈的交流损耗不能太大。在超导风力发电机中,为了减少交流损耗,通常将超导线圈放置在转子中作为励磁线圈使用。在定子齿部材料为铁磁材料的旋转电机中,气隙磁场会发生畸变,转子旋转时超导线圈处会出现交变磁场,产生交流损耗。通过有限元软件仿真,以使用接触式制冷系统的2.5MW高温超导风力发电机为研究对象,证明使用铁磁材料的定子齿部结构是造成超导线圈处交变磁场和交流损耗的主要原因。采用均一化模型计算交流损耗,提出两种减小交变磁场和交流损耗的结构优化方法,即定子齿部采用非磁性材料和在气隙处增加磁屏蔽层。     

空心脉冲发电机剩磁能量回收方法

为了降低空心脉冲发电机的能量损耗与励磁绕组发热,提出了一种具有剩余磁能回收功能的脉冲发电机励磁电路。通过在电容支路设置调节电感,使放电完成后的电容电压反向,迫使晶闸管与二极管关断,以切换电流流通路径来实现剩余励磁能量到电容器中的转移。该电路使用晶闸管作为主开关,电流关断能力强的特点使其在大功率脉冲发电机的应用中具有一定优势。对提出的励磁能量回收电路的工作过程进行了介绍,仿真分析了剩余能量回收对励磁绕组能量损耗和脉冲发电机发热的影响,并对该电路拓扑的工作原理进行了实验验证。结果表明：该电路可以迅速回收励磁绕组中的剩余能量,缩短励磁电流续流时间,减少励磁损耗与能量损耗。仿真与实验结果反映的规律与电路原理一致,表明了该电路方法的可行性。     

被动补偿脉冲发电机涡流损耗的解析计算

在假设转子导电筒中涡流面电流与定子无槽电枢绕组面电流相同、相位相反的条件下,条件麦克斯韦方程组,通过分析被动补偿脉冲发电机导电筒中涡流分布,导出了被动补偿脉冲发电机导电筒涡流损耗的解析表达式,并计算了涡流损耗对25MW样机运行的影响。     

关于多極磁化

发电机和电动机的电枢铁心是多极磁化的这一事实,是众所周知的了。磁性録音机録音的金属丝或金属带,受到交变的、多种多样与迅速变化的磁化。同样可以指出:锉子、手锯的锯条、以及其它由高级钢制成的物体也有多极磁化的事实。侭管如此,但有些教员在谈到有关磁化的问题时,仍然只给同学讲带有两个磁极的磁体。这种说法会根深蒂固地留在同学们的记忆里。可惜,他们不知道这个规则还有例外。     

叠片法测量脉冲X射线源焦斑

 介绍了叠片法测量脉冲X射线源焦斑的原理。对确定结构和尺寸的金属、薄膜叠片及测试系统布局,数值计算了叠片法的空间分辨及对均匀分布线光源的输出响应,得到响应曲线半高宽与焦斑尺寸的对应关系。计算结果表明,叠片法不适用于测量小于2 mm的焦斑。在感应电压叠加器上开展了阳极杆箍缩二极管实验,采用叠片法测量二极管X射线源轴向焦斑,与针孔照相结果基本相符,说明叠片法可用于脉冲X射线源焦斑尺寸测量。     

高温超导块脉冲磁化实验研究与理论模拟

通过磁化熔融织构超导块材俘获远高于常规永磁体的磁场,可以用于磁分离、制作电机等,如何磁化是其中关键技术问题之一.脉冲磁化目前被认为是最有前景的超导块材的磁化方式之一.我们通过霍尔元件测量脉冲磁化过程中超导块材表面磁场的变化,并运用磁通蠕动流动模型和幂指数模型分别描述脉冲磁化过程,理论与实验相比较,结果表明磁通蠕动流动模型能够更好地描述脉冲磁化,热量的产生、局域的温升直接关系到俘获磁场的大小,通过合理的铁轭设置和利用多脉冲磁化技术有助于提高最终的磁化效果.     

Measurements of power loss distribution in a typical stator core under PWM voltage excitation

The pulse width modulated (PWM) inverter is widely used to feed small induction motors for variable speed and torque control. When a laminated stator core is energised in this way additional iron losses occur due to localised distorted flux. Flux density and power loss distribution under PWM and sinusoidal voltage excitations were measured in a typical induction motor stator core lamination at 1.3 T, 50 Hz by using a computer-aided magnetising system to set up flux distribution as would occur in a practical three-phase stator core. The iron loss increased 15–20% under PWM excitation. The loss increase under PWM excitation in the stator core laminations was 3% lower than in Epstein strips of the same electrical steel under the same conditions showing an effect of the magnetic circuit geometry.     

Initial transient process in a simple helical flux compression generator

An analytical scheme on the initial transient process in a simple helical flux compression generator, which includes the distributions of both the magnetic field in the hollow of an armature and the conducting current density in the stator, is developed by means of a diffusion equation. A relationship between frequency of the conducting current, root of the characteristic function of Bessel equation and decay time in the armature is given. The skin depth in the helical stator is calculated and is compared with the approximate one which is widely used in the calculation of magnetic diffusion. Our analytical results are helpful to understanding the mechanism of the loss of magnetic flux in both the armature and stator and to suggesting an optimal design for improving performance of the helical flux compression generator.     

45 kVA单相高温超导变压器交流损耗特性研究

本文研究以多芯不锈钢加强Bi2223/Ag带材绕制的45 kVA单相高温超导变压器的交流损耗特性.变压器绕组置于具有室温孔径的环形玻璃钢杜瓦内,铁芯穿过杜瓦室温孔径以保证铁芯与绕组分离并工作于室温环境.在77 K和工频下,基于Bean模型和绕组中的磁场分布计算了绕组的交流损耗,计算结果与传统电测法和热测法测量的变压器交流损耗结果一致;表明在77K绕组中交流损耗以磁滞损耗为主,涡流损耗和耦合损耗可以忽略不计.     

螺线型爆磁压缩发生器的初始瞬态磁场分布

研究了螺线管型爆磁压缩发生器中金属套筒的一维磁扩散模型,分别导出了不同边界条件下的近似解析表达式,分析了瞬态磁场分布的特点,指出了经典趋肤深度计算公式的高频局限性,得出了能够同时反映高频与低频特性的磁场分布与相应趋肤深度的近似解析结果.     

Polarization-dependent fractional loss improvement of laser scribed GO FeSi steels

Magnetization curves of untreated and laser scribed GO FeSi steels were measured for 19 different frequencies from 0.05 to 500 Hz and for four polarizations from 1.4 to 1.7 T. From hysteresis loops, hysteresis losses were separated and frequency-dependent anomaly factors were calculated. Frequency-dependent anomaly factors for all measured polarizations can be very well described by an empirical equation. This behavior can be explained by the fact that an increase in polarization at a fixed magnetizing frequency corresponds to an increase of magnetizing frequency at a fixed polarization. Both an increase in frequency and an increase in polarization activate a higher number of domain walls in the magnetization process. The power losses can be described only by the frequency dependence of the anomaly factor and by the additional knowledge of hysteresis loss.     

模块化Marx发生器机芯的力学环境适应性分析及优化设计

为研究Marx发生器机芯在公路运输条件下的力学环境适应性,基于随机振动理论和有限元分析方法对Marx机芯进行了仿真分析和随机振动试验。首先,建立了八级模块化Marx机芯的有限元动力学仿真模型,模拟确定了机芯的应力集中点;然后,通过振动台运输振动摸底试验修正了有限元模型,对机芯结构进行了优化设计,使Marx机芯整体一阶频率由15.4 Hz提高到19.7 Hz,降低了整机垂向的动力学响应,提高了机芯的力学环境适应性。试验结果表明,Marx发生器结构设计需要重点考虑其在垂直方向的可靠性;振动过程中,机芯整体连接稳定,振动应力集中于机芯与U型支撑杆连接处、支撑杆与支撑板连接的角片处,以及开关连接件处,是结构设计的薄弱环节。     

水介质管路弹性背腔微穿孔消声器的传递损失特性

为抑制水介质管路系统低频噪声,兼顾结构的紧凑性,提出弹性背腔微穿孔管路消声结构,弹性管壁为橡胶帘线复合材料,并推导了传递损失的数值解法。首先,基于Biot-Allard多孔弹性理论,将弹性微穿孔板等效为弹性多孔材料;然后,利用双尺度法建立帘布的周期性代表单元,求得其刚度矩阵;接着,基于分层理论,建立弹性管壁的多层复合材料模型,并与内部声场耦合计算,得到弹性背腔微穿孔管路消声器的传递损失。在水介质驻波管中,利用双声源法测量弹性背腔微穿孔管路消声器样机的传递损失曲线,并与扩张式管路消声器和刚性背腔微穿孔管路消声器进行对比,理论结果与试验结果吻合良好。研究表明,弹性背腔微穿孔管路消声器属于反射耗散复合式消声器,具有低频域、宽频带的消声特性。样机B2在40~300 Hz和40~1200 Hz频段内的传递损失分别为36 dB和30 dB,而相同尺寸扩张式消声器在对应频段的传递损失分别为7 dB和11 dB。      

Analytical Study on the Rate of Sound Transmission Loss in Single Row Honeycomb Sandwich Panel Using a Numerical Method

Honeycomb structures have recently, replaced with conventional homogeneous materials. Given the fact that sandwich panels containing a honeycomb core are able to adjust geometric parameters, including internal angles, they are suitable for acoustic control applications. The main objective of this study was to obtain a transmission loss curve in a specific honeycomb frequency range along with same overall dimensions and weight. In this study, a finite element model (FEM) in ABAQUS software was used to simulate honeycomb panels, evaluate resonant frequencies, and for acoustic analysis. This model was used to obtain acoustic pressure and then to calculate the sound transmission loss (STL) in MATLAB software. Vibration and acoustic analysis of panels were performed in the frequency range of 1 to 1000 Hz. The models analyzed in this design includes 14-single row-honeycomb designs with angles of −45°, −30°, −15°, 0°, +15°, +30°, +45°. The results showed that a-single row and −45°cell angle honeycomb panel in the frequency range of 1 to 1000 Hz had the highest STL as well as the highest number of frequency modes (90 mods). Furthermore, the panel had the highest STL regarding the area under the STL curve (dB∙Hz). The panels containing more frequency mods, have a higher transmission loss. Moreover, the sound transmission loss is more sensitive to the cell angle variable (θ). In other studies, the STL was more sensitive to the number of honeycomb cells in the horizontal and vertical directions, as well as the angle of cells.     

High-frequency magnetic properties and core loss of carbonyl iron composites with easy plane-like structures

To fully release the potential of wide bandgap(WBG)semiconductors and achieve high energy density and efficiency,a carbonyl iron soft magnetic composite(SMC)with an easy plane-like structure is prepared.Due to this structure,the permeability of the composite increases by 3 times(from 7.5 to 21.5)at 100 MHz compared with to the spherical carbonyl iron SMC,and the permeability changes little at frequencies below 100 MHz.In addition,the natural resonance frequency of the composite shifts to higher frequencies at 1.7 GHz.The total core losses of the composites at 10,20,and 30 m T are80.0,355.3,and 810.7 m W/cm³,respectively,at 500 k Hz.Compared with the spherical carbonyl iron SMC,the core loss at500 k Hz is reduced by more than 60%.Therefore,this kind of soft magnetic composite with an easy plane-like structure is a good candidate for unlocking the potential of WBG semiconductors and developing the next-generation power electronics.     

Low frequency sound insulation using stiffness control with honeycomb panels

A new honeycomb core design has been used to increase the stiffness of the panel and applied to improve the noise transmission loss at frequencies between 100 and 200 Hz. A model is presented to predict the transmission loss of the honeycomb panels based on the structural modal parameters. A new test specimen with fiber reinforced plastic cores and face sheets had been used to investigate the effect of stiffness and damping on noise transmission loss. The measurements of noise transmission loss have been compared with data for common structural panels. The results show that the new core fabrication techniques using moulding to improve the noise transmission are effective. In comparison to a cement panel of the same mass, the honeycomb panels have higher TL at low frequencies between 100 and 200 Hz due to higher stiffness and damping. The honeycomb panels have more significant vibration responses above 500 Hz but these are limited by damping.