硼酸盐对抗冻糖蛋白结构的影响（英文）

抗冻糖蛋白通过吸附-抑制机理阻止细胞内部冰晶积累,有利于极地地区各物种的生存.硼酸盐缓冲剂抑制抗冻糖蛋白抗冻活性已被广泛认为是支持羟基作为冰结合位点而非甲基结合的直接实验证据.另一方面,硼酸盐结合可能对抗冻糖蛋白构象产生影响,但还没有被定量研究.本文使用副本交换分子动力学模拟研究了溶液中单个硼酸根阴离子结合到AFGP8上引起的蛋白结构扰动.在冰点附近,这种结合不仅使与硼酸盐结合的二糖相邻的二糖基团彼此靠近,而且影响AFGP8的整体构象.硼酸盐与不同二糖侧链结合引起的结构变化表现出明确的位点特异性,并且硼酸盐结合对结构变化的影响在高温下显着降低.     

光谱法研究抗氧化剂、DPPH与人血清蛋白三元体系的作用

选取几种天然抗氧化剂杨梅素、桑色素、辣椒碱、甜菜碱作为研究对象,运用荧光光谱法、同步荧光光谱法以及三维荧光光谱法研究了几种抗氧化剂以及DPPH自由基与人血清蛋白相互作用,结果表明辣椒碱、甜菜碱、V_C不与人血清蛋白发生猝灭反应,杨梅素、桑色素、DPPH均能够与人血清蛋白发生猝灭反,反应均为形成了稳定复合物而导致的静态猝灭,通过疏水作用力与HSA结合,结合位点数均为1,主要结合位点在色氨酸基团附近,DPPH与人血清蛋白猝灭过程改变了人血清蛋白结构的疏水性,引起蛋白质构象发生变化,而杨梅素、桑色素与人血清蛋白相互作用未造成其构象发生了变化。运用荧光光谱法研究了几种抗氧化剂抑制DPPH直接损伤人血清蛋白的能力,杨梅素、桑色素、辣椒碱、甜菜碱、V_C对DPPH损伤HSA的抑制率分别为25%,18.30%,85.38%,4.02%和84.58%。根据分子结构分析辣椒碱主要通过清除DPPH自由基作用从而抑制其损伤人血清蛋白,根据二元体系反应结果可知杨梅素与桑色素三元体系反应过程中两种抗氧化剂与DPPH竞争结合位点,因此杨梅素、桑色素主要通过占据结合位点的方式抑制DPPH损伤人血清蛋白,而甜菜碱既不能占据结合位点也不能清除自由基,因而抑制能力最弱。分析表明几种天然抗氧化剂的抑制能力与其分子结构中主要官能团结构密切相关。     

PDI抑制α-synuclein纤维化聚集作用机制研究

天然无结构蛋白?-synuclein在帕金森症(PD)患者脑部的路易小体中异常聚集,被认为是引起PD的重要原因之一,但是目前关于?-synuclein的聚集机制仍没有定论.蛋白质二硫键异构酶(PDI)是细胞内质网中重要的分子伴侣蛋白,能够阻止内质网中无结构蛋白的聚集.在PD患者的脑细胞内发现PDI过量表达,且酶活性位点半胱氨酸被亚硝基化使其活性受到抑制.体外实验证明,PDI能够抑制?-synuclein的聚集,但其具体的分子机制还不清楚,研究PDI抑制?-synuclein聚集的具体机制可能对于PD治疗有重要意义.该文利用核磁共振(NMR)方法研究了?-synuclein与PDI的相互作用,发现?-synuclein与PDI的结合位点位于?-synuclein的N端;将PDI所有的6个半胱氨酸突变成丝氨酸,得到突变体PDI C-S,发现?-synuclein与PDI C-S的结合位点则位于其C末端;荧光实验结果表明突变体PDI C-S对?-synuclein纤维化聚集的抑制作用减弱,说明PDI抑制?-synuclein的纤维化聚集主要是通过与?-synuclein的N端残基结合来实现的.     

光谱法比较木犀草素及槲皮素与牛血清白蛋白相互作用

在模拟生理pH条件下,采用荧光光谱、紫外-可见吸收光谱、同步荧光光谱和圆二色谱法研究木犀草素及槲皮素与牛血清白蛋白（BSA）的相互作用的异同.结果确定木犀草素及槲皮素对BSA的荧光猝灭是以静态猝灭为主,同时伴随非辐射能量转移猝灭.木犀草素结合BSA的位点与荧光发射基团的距离比槲皮素的小.结合常数Ka表明二者与BSA的结合都属于强的非共价键结合,且结合位点数都约为1.二者均主要通过氢键和范德华力与BSA作用.二者都能影响BSA的酪氨酸残基附近环境的极性,且高浓度下能够引起BSA构象轻微地改变.结果表明黄酮C环上3位羟基的引入会降低其对BSA的亲和力.     

芦丁对血清白蛋白构象的影响

用同步荧光光谱法和圆二色谱法研究了芦丁对牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和人血清白蛋白(HSA)构象和功能的影响,同时用电化学方法研究了芦丁与血清白蛋白之间的结合作用。在体内随着芦丁浓度的增加,其与血清白蛋白结合时对血清白蛋白的构象无影响,但对血清白蛋白的二级结构有影响,导致α-螺旋结构减少,β-折叠结构增加,蛋白质的二级结构被破坏。电化学研究发现：芦丁的氧化还原电流随着血清白蛋白浓度的增加而明显降低, 表明芦丁与血清白蛋白发生反应,生成比较稳定的复合物。芦丁的氧化还原最大峰电位也随着血清白蛋白浓度的增加发生变化,峰电位差略增加,表明芦丁的氧化还原性随着血清白蛋白浓度的增加而增强。进一步证明芦丁在体内能够被血清白蛋白存储和转运。     

荧光光谱法研究β-紫罗兰酮与溶菌酶的相互作用

应用溶菌酶内源荧光光谱研究了芳香族化合物β-紫罗兰酮与卵清溶菌酶蛋白之间的结合反应,测定了两者之间的结合常数kA为1.44×103L·mol-1,结合位点数n为0.85.根据Foerster非辐射能量转移理论,确定了能量给体与受体之间的结合距离为2.27nm,符合非辐射能量转移条件.通过同步荧光光谱和三维荧光光谱,进一步研究了β-紫罗兰酮对溶菌酶蛋白构象的影响,结果显示β-紫罗兰酮的加入引起溶菌酶蛋白构象的变化,溶菌酶内部色氨酸残基所处环境的疏水性降低.     

脉冲微波辐照影响心肌细胞膜蛋白构象及其机制的研究

应用显微傅里叶变换红外光谱技术研究了脉冲微波辐照对心肌细胞膜蛋白质构象、功能的影响和相关分子机制。结果表明,辐照可对心肌细胞的细胞膜蛋白质结构产生明显影响。细胞膜脂质中—CH₂—、磷脂结构中CO、蛋白质酰胺Ⅰ,Ⅱ带的伸缩振动峰消失或位移。辐照后心肌细胞膜蛋白质二级结构也出现明显变化,α-螺旋和β-折叠结构减少,二级结构无序化程度增加。上述变化均与辐照剂量呈正相关。结果提示受脉冲微波辐照后,心肌细胞膜蛋白构象的完整性受损,膜稳定性及流动性下降,膜上多种生物活性结构被破坏,上述变化构成了细胞膜功能丧失、细胞形态和结构损伤、细胞凋亡等病理学效应的生物化学基础。文章首次从蛋白质构象角度阐述了微波辐照对心肌细胞膜损伤的分子病理机制。     

光谱法和分子对接模拟技术研究托拉塞米与胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶的相互作用

托拉塞米(TOR)属于吡啶磺酰脲类袢利尿剂,被广泛有效地用于高血压,心脏衰竭,慢性肾功能衰竭和肝脏疾病的治疗。TOR在治疗过程中易引起的不良反应之一为轻微肠胃不适。然而,TOR与消化蛋白酶(胰蛋白酶和胃蛋白酶)分子间的相互作用鲜有报道。在模拟生理条件下,采用荧光光谱、紫外-可见吸收光谱、圆二色谱和分子对接技术研究了不同温度下托拉塞米(Torasemide, TOR)与胃蛋白酶(Pepsin)和胰蛋白酶(Trypsin)间的相互作用。所有荧光数据均进行了内滤光校正以获得更准确的结合参数。结果表明,TOR-Pepsin和TOR-Trypsin体系的猝灭常数(K_SV)均与温度呈负相关,说明TOR与Pepsin及Trypsin之间的作用机制均为静态荧光猝灭。利用紫外-可见吸收光谱、同步荧光光谱、3D荧光光谱和圆二色光谱法考查了TOR对Trypsin和Pepsin构象的影响。结果发现胃蛋白酶或胰蛋白酶中酪氨酸残基的极性改变较色氨基更明显,TOR可改变色氨酸残基的微环境并降低Trypsin和Pepsin中β-折叠结构,进而可能影响其生理功能。分子对接结果表明,TOR与Pepsin的结合位点位于由Asp-32和Asp-215组成的活性中心周围,从而抑制Pepsin活性。而TOR通过疏水作用力结合在Trypsin的口袋型底物结合位点(S1口袋),促进底物进入酶活性中心,最终表现为Trypsin活性升高。该研究探讨了TOR与胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶的结合作用和毒性机制,为TOR的安全使用提供重要依据。     

多光谱和分子模拟技术研究全氟十二酸与人血清白蛋白的相互作用

全氟十二酸(PFDoA)是8～12个碳链的全氟烷酸(PFAAs)中毒性最强的新型环境污染物。已有大量研究表明PFAAs在环境中广泛积累,但对PFDoA与HSA的相互作用还处于起步阶段。本研究力争在模拟生理条件下,采用荧光猝灭法、分子模拟技术和圆二色谱确定HSA与PFDoA的相互作用机理。研究结果表明,PFDoA对HSA的猝灭是动态猝灭与形成PFDoA-HSA基态复合物引起的猝灭共同作用的结果。计算得到的结合距离(r=3.65 nm)表明,PFDoA(受体)与HSA(供体)之间的相互作用发生了非辐射能量转移。取代反应结果表明,PFDoA键合在HSA的site Ⅰ位点上。分子对接进一步研究了PFDoA与HSA作用的详细结合情况,表明PFDoA通过多种作用力结合在HSA的亚域IIA内,例如,PFDoA上的O 1原子主要通过极性键与HSA上的Arg 257和Ser 287残基结合。计算得到的最优对接能量为-25.87 kJ·mol-1,表明PFDoA对HSA有较大的结合亲和力。同步荧光光谱和三维荧光光谱研究了PFDoA对HSA构象的影响,结果显示,与PFDoA结合后,色氨酸的微环境疏水性增加,HSA的构象也发生改变。PFDoA与HSA作用前后圆二色谱二级结构的定量分析结果表明,PFDoA-HSA复合物的形成使螺旋稳定性降低。该研究结果为全氟烷酸与HSA的动力学研究提供了理论依据和可靠数据,并揭示了生物大分子与配体相互作用的化学本质。     

多巴胺DA分子的构象异构及其一水复合物的结构与性质研究

采用密度泛函B3LYP/6-31+G·方法对多巴胺DA的构象异构及其稳定性进行了研究. 结果表明,势能面上存在6种稳定构象和8种构象转换过渡态, 构象之间主要通过C1-O7 [二面角T1: H15O7C1C6], C2-O8 [二面角T2: H16O8C2C3]和C9-C10 [二面角T3: N11C10C9C5]单键旋转而相互转化. 频率及NBO分析表明, 分子内存在红移O...H-O及蓝移N...H-C两类氢键, 氢键中电子转移类型均为LP1(X)→σ·(H-Y)[X=O, N; Y=O, C], 二级稳定化能E(2)对稳定构象有3.6 kJ·mol-1～9.3 kJ·mol-1的稳定化贡献. 分子中的原子理论(AIM)分析表明, 构象中O...H-O及N...H-C键的电子密度ρ(r)和Laplacian量2ρ(r)分别在0.0094～0.0171和0.0307～0.0798之间. 采用极化连续模型(polarized continuum model, PCM)对体系进行了溶剂化效应计算, 结果表明, DA的构象转换主要在水相中进行. 应用静电势模型(electrostatic potential map, EPM)对构象的活性位点进行了预测, 并以此研究了多巴胺一水复合物的结构与性质.     

The effect of antifreeze proteins and poly(vinyl alcohol) on the nucleation of ice: a preliminary study

Three substances have been tested for ice nucleation inhibition. These were an antifreeze protein AFP III from the fish Macrozoarces americanus, an antifreeze glycoprotein AFGP from the fish Dissostichus mawsoni, and an 80% hydrolysed poly(vinyl alcohol) with a molecular weight of 9 to 10 kD. A nucleation spectrometer was used to test nucleation inhibition at a range of concentrations against two types of ice nuclei: those present in tap water and a bacterial nucleator from Pseudomonas syringae. The PVA reduced the nucleation temperature of tap water and the bacterial dispersions at all the concentrations which were tested. The AFGP reduced the nucleation temperature of tap water but enhanced the nucleation activity of the bacterial nucleators. At low concentrations the AFP III reduced the nucleation temperature of both tap water and the bacterial nucleator. At high concentrations the AFP III enhanced the nucleation temperature of the bacterial nucleator and broadened the nucleation spectrum of the tap water to encompass the nucleation spread of the control. The possible mechanisms of nucleation suppression and enhancement are discussed.     

Isolation and some characterisation of antifreeze protein from the European eelpout Zoarces viviparus

The European eelpout Zoarces viviparus is a common inhabitant in the coastal areas of the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Baltic region. At least 3 different antifreeze proteins were purified from Z. viviparus serum but more isoforms are most likely present. Two antifreeze proteins with molecular weights of approx. 6.5-7 kDa were characterised and found to share high similarity to the type III antifreeze proteins found in other members of the family Zoarcidae. The antifreeze activity of Z. viviparus antifreeze proteins is concentration dependent and showed a saturation effect when the protein concentration reached 30 mg.ml-1 (crude serum) and 8 mg.ml-1 (partly purified serum) respectively. Further the antifreeze activity was found to be dependent of the buffer osmolality resulting in increasing thermal hysteresis when buffer osmolality was raised from 0 to 1M.     

不同变质程度煤样化学结构特征FTIR表征

为研究煤样的化学结构特征随煤样变质程度加深的演化规律,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱与分峰拟合技术研究了5种不同变质程度煤样的官能团分布特征,并依据其结果计算了结构参数。结果表明：不同变质程度煤样的化学结构特征存在明显差异,但随煤样变质程度加深,其演化规律整体趋势相似,即相对具有较高活性的官能团逐渐减少,较为稳定的官能团逐渐增加,煤样的化学结构整体向稳定、有序发育。在羟基官能团方面,游离羟基逐渐减少,而羟基与芳环中π电子云间形成的羟基-π氢键逐渐增加,羟基自缔合氢键是煤中羟基氢键的主要类型,其相对含量在40％～55％内波动,羟基醚氧氢键与环状缔合氢键整体呈减少趋势。在脂肪烃结构方面,实验煤样中亚甲基的相对含量均高于甲基与次甲基,说明煤中脂环结构与脂链结构较为发达;而结构参数A(CH₂)/A(CH₃)先增后减,说明由甲基、亚甲基与次甲基构成的脂肪链在低变质程度煤样中有发育趋势,在中、高变质程度煤样中开始断裂,脂肪链总体长度呈先增长后缩短趋势,但支链数量整体上却呈先减后增趋势。在含氧官能团方面,芳香酯减少,活性较高的羧基逐渐减少,羰基在低、中变质程度煤样中相对含量的变化较小,而在高变质程度煤样中的相对含量明显减少;酚中C-O的相对含量呈先增后减趋势,芳基醚与烷基醚的相对含量逐渐增加,并成为无烟煤中的主要含氧官能团。在芳香烃结构方面,苯环取代以三取代为主,结构参数fC_ar与DOC逐渐变大,说明煤中芳香体系增大,芳香结构缩合程度逐渐增强,无烟煤中芳香结构的缩合程度远强于其他煤样。     

Trans–cis isomerisation of the carotenoid lycopene upon complexation with cholesteric polyester carriers investigated by Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory

Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) were used in this work for the structural characterisation of lycopene, the antioxidant carotenoid, and its complexes with two synthetic thermotropic cholesteric polyesters. Both polyesters were employed successfully to encapsulate the carotenoid lycopene (Lyc). Besides protecting it from oxidation, they induced the trans–cis isomerisation of lycopene towards the more biologically active and bioavailable isomer cis‐Lyc. The Raman spectra revealed changes mainly concerning the band ν₁ and bands of methyl groups. This would explain the interaction mechanism between lycopene and cholesteric polyesters, inducing structural changes in the carotenoid by formation of a cis CC bond in central positions of the isomer chain and hydrophobic interaction that affects the side methyl groups. DFT calculations confirmed that the isomerisation occurs at central positions of lycopene molecule. The analysis of ν₁ and ν₂ bands and those of methyl groups in the calculated spectra of lycopene indicates that the interaction with the synthetic cholesteric polyesters could mainly lead to the 13‐cis‐Lyc isomer. The analysis of marker structural bands of the polyesters revealed structural changes in the host which mainly affect the ester groups, most probably due to a restructuring of the polyester chain to better accommodate the ligand. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Geometric stability and adsorption property of hydroxyl group on graphene sheets

The stable geometrics and adsorption behaviors of hydroxyl (OH) groups on graphene sheets are investigated using the first-principles calculations. The single hydroxyl adatom has small adsorption energy and diffusion barrier on pristine graphene. The binding strength of the hydroxyl group increases with the coverage, and the aggregations of the hydroxyl groups reduce the structural bucking of graphene sheet. On the graphene with single vacancy (SV-graphene), the large trapping zones mean the adsorbed OH would be easily trapped at the vacancy site. The hydroxyl groups prefer to aggregate on graphene surfaces and form the water molecule, leaving the epoxy group on pristine graphene or oxygen dopant in SV-graphene, which is used to constitute the structural model of oxidized graphene. These results would provide us a useful reference to understand the atomic structure and adsorption property of functional groups on graphene sheets.     

硼氢化钠还原对褐腐木质素结构特征的影响

采用FTIR、UV-Visible、NMR和GPC分析手段研究了褐腐木质素被NaBH₄还原前后的化学结构变化。FTIR表明褐腐木质素还原后1 677 cm-1处与苯环共轭的羰基峰消失,1 715 cm-1处非共轭羰基峰强度减弱,1 509和1 603 cm-1处苯环骨架振动吸收峰强度变化很小;UV表明褐腐木质素还原后位于288 nm的最强吸收峰和300～400nm区域的吸收强度降低;1H NMR表明褐腐木质素还原后甲氧基和酚羟基数量减少,醇羟基数量增加,褐腐木质素芳香环和结构单元联接键上的氢质子数增加;GPC表明褐腐木质素还原后分子量分布向高分子区域扩展,数均和重均分子量增大,分子量分布明显变宽。NaBH₄在碱性环境中可以将褐腐木质素中的共轭羰基完全还原为羟基,非共轭羰基部分还原为羟基,其侧链结构部分被改变,苯环结构稳定,褐腐木质素在还原过程中发生了缩合反应。     

IR spectroscopic study of surface properties of amorphous water ice

The state of the surface of amorphous ice with a specific surface area of about 160 m²/g obtained by the condensation of water vapor at 77 K is studied by IR spectroscopy. As the temperature increases to 130–160 K, absorption bands of surface hydroxyl groups vanish, whereas changes in bands characteristic of hydroxyl groups in the bulk of ice are indicative of a phase transition of ice from amorphous to the polycrystalline structure. The surface sites of amorphous ice are characterized with low-temperature adsorption of carbon monoxide. It is shown that there are two types of CO adsorption sites, free hydroxyl groups and oxygen atoms of surface coordinately unsaturated water molecules. Upon adsorption of nitrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide, in addition to the perturbation of surface OH groups, reversible changes in the spectrum are observed in the region of vibrations of bulk hydroxyls, which indicate that the strength of hydrogen bonds between water molecules in the surface layer of icy particles increases approaching the strength of these bonds in the crystal and that the ice surface becomes less amorphous. These results indicate that the properties of the ice surface layer substantially depend on the presence of adsorbed molecules.     

Oxygen consumption and chemisorption in low-temperature oxidation of sub-bituminous pulverized coal

Studying the effect of oxygen in coal oxidation is very important for understanding and controlling coal spontaneous combustion. However, the oxygen effect is not very easy to determine clearly due to the large effect of heat source on coal oxidation in temperature rising experiments. Here, focused on sub-bituminous coal, the oxygen effect was separated from coal oxidation by continuously measuring FTIR spectra of coal with respect to varying temperatures and under oxygen and nitrogen. The active groups’ real-time changes of coal oxidation, thermal treatment and oxygen effect were measured. The carboxylic ester and carboxyl units are the main functional groups that increase with temperatures increasing under oxygen and nitrogen, while the other functional groups decrease in quantity. The oxygen effect promoted the consumption of aliphatic hydrocarbons and hydroxyl groups and also promoted the formation of oxygen-containing groups (except hydroxyl). Four characteristic temperature stages involved in the oxygen effect and their key functional groups were identified. Simultaneously, the relationship of oxygen consumption and chemisorption in oxygen effect was analyzed. The starting temperature of oxygen chemisorption is between 50 and 60°C. The maximum contribution of oxygen effect was observed in methyl and methylene groups. These results are important for chemical control of coal spontaneous combustion. The oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbon should be controlled before oxygen chemisorption. The value of oxygen consumption between 70 and 80°C can be measured accurately due to the constant chemisorption rate, which help to identify the tendency for spontaneous combustion. These results will help in better understanding of the reaction mechanism of coal oxidation, especially the oxygen effect.     

硼酸锂系列晶体的高压拉曼散射研究

本文进行了硼酸锂系列晶体的高压拉曼散射及其压致相变的研究。对于三硼酸锂（ＬｉＢ３Ｏ５），我们发现在５．０ＧＰａ有一可逆的晶态到晶态的相变，在２７．０ＧＰａ有一不可逆的晶态到非晶态的相变。二硼酸锂（Ｌｉ２Ｂ４Ｏ７）不可逆压致非晶相变发生在３２．０ＧＰａ附近。对于一硼酸锂，我们研究了０—５５．８ＧＰａ范围内的高压拉曼光谱，只在２．０ＧＰａ发现了一个晶态到晶态的相变，但未发现不可逆压致非晶化现象。在硼酸锂系列晶体中，不可逆压致非晶化的压力随Ｌｉ２Ｏ的含量的增加而升高。硼酸锂晶体中Ｌｉ２Ｏ的含量越高，压致非晶化越不容易发生，这与熔体急冷法制备硼酸锂玻璃的规律是一致的。     

铵盐存在下铝对辅酶NADH的结构的影响

通过紫外光谱和核磁共振谱研究了溶液中铝与辅酶NADH相互作用。发现了与Tris-HCl缓冲底液不同,在铵盐NH₄Ac缓冲底液中,铝(Ⅲ)可以破坏辅酶NADH的二氢尼克酰胺环的结构,从而表现出对生物体中的转氨基作用的酶促反应的影响。