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本文采用详细化学反应机理,建立氧煤燃烧气固反应模型,分析煤在富氧燃烧条件下NOx生成机制,研究不同O2浓度和分级燃烧对NOx排放的影响。富氧燃烧时,NOx生成主要路径为:HCN→CN→NCO→NO和HCN→CN→NCO→HNCO→HN2→NH→HNO→NO。初始O2增大,挥发分和HCN析出时间提前,高的O2初始浓度对燃料N转化率有促进作用;煤富氧分级燃烧时,主燃区还原气氛有利于NO还原为N2,其主要还原路径如下:NO+CO→N+CO2、NO+H→N+OH和NO+N→N2+O,当主燃区过量空气系数SR1从1.15减小到0.6,N最终转化率(t=1000 ms)只是从0.379减小到0.339,相对于未分级燃烧时变化了10.55%,与煤空气分级燃烧相比,煤富氧分级燃烧对N转化率影响较小。 相似文献
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加压富氧煤粉燃烧技术由于净发电效率高被认为是最有可能得到应用的燃煤CO2控制技术之一,但受燃烧压力影响,烟气中的酸性气体(SOx/NOx)分压显著提高,导致腐蚀风险加剧,而目前对该问题相关的基础研究很少。本文利用详细反应机理(72组分,428反应),基于实验数据对照,揭示了加压富氧模式下SOx/NOx强耦合促进SO3和NO2形成的协同效应。动力学机理计算结果表明:SOx/NOx的交互作用可促进SO2和NO向SO3和NO2的转化,并且该促进效应在一定的温度和加压条件下十分显著。基于反应路径和敏感性分析,本文最终发展了一个能用于准确预测加压富氧燃烧模式下SO3和NO2在后火焰区形成特性的9步骨架反应机理。 相似文献
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《Proceedings of the Combustion Institute》2023,39(4):4573-4581
Coal splitting and staging is a promising technology to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions from coal combustion through transforming nitrogenous pollutants into environmentally friendly gasses such as nitrogen (N2). During this process, the nitrogenous species in pyrolysis gas play a dominant role in NOx reduction. In this research, a series of reactive force field (ReaxFF) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are conducted to investigate the fundamental reaction mechanisms of NO removal by nitrogen-containing species (HCN and NH3) in coal pyrolysis gas under various temperatures. The effects of temperature on the process and mechanisms of NO consumption and N2 formation are illustrated during NO reduction with HCN and NH3, respectively. Additionally, we compare the performance of NO reduction by HCN and NH3 and propose control strategies for the pyrolysis and reburn processes. The study provides new insights into the mechanisms of the NO reduction with nitrogen-containing species in coal pyrolysis gas, which may help optimize the operating parameters of the splitting and staging processes to decrease NOx emissions during coal combustion. 相似文献
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Christopher R. Shaddix Alejandro Molina 《Proceedings of the Combustion Institute》2011,33(2):1723-1730
NOx formation was measured during combustion of pulverized coals and pulverized coal char in N2 and CO2 environments under isothermal and nearly constant oxygen conditions (i.e. using dilute coal loading). Three different oxygen concentrations (12% O2, 24% O2, and 36% O2) and two representative US coals were investigated, at a gas temperature of 1050 °C. To investigate the importance of NO reburn reactions, experiments were also performed with an elevated concentration (550 ppm) of NO in the gases into which the coal was introduced. For low levels of background NO, the fractional fuel-nitrogen conversion to NOx increases dramatically with increasing bath gas oxygen content, for both N2 and CO2 environments, though the fuel conversion is generally lower in CO2 environments. Char N conversion is lower than volatile N conversion, especially for elevated O2 concentrations. These results highlight the importance of the volatile flame and char combustion temperatures on NOx formation. For the high background NOx condition, net NOx production is only observed in the 36% O2 environment. Under these dilute loading conditions, NO reburn is found to be between 20% and 40%, depending on the type of coal, the use of N2 or CO2 diluent, the bulk O2 concentration, and whether or not one considers reburn of volatile-NOx. This dataset provides a unique opportunity to understand and differentiate the different sources and sinks of NOx under oxy-fuel combustion conditions. 相似文献
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Ekenechukwu C. Okafor K.D. Kunkuma A. Somarathne Akihiro Hayakawa Taku Kudo Osamu Kurata Norihiko Iki Hideaki Kobayashi 《Proceedings of the Combustion Institute》2019,37(4):4597-4606
Recent studies have demonstrated stable generation of power from pure ammonia combustion in a micro gas turbine (MGT) with a high combustion efficiency, thus overcoming some of the challenges that discouraged such applications of ammonia in the past. However, achievement of low NOx emission from ammonia combustors remains an important challenge. In this study, combustion techniques and combustor design for efficient combustion and low NOx emission from an ammonia MGT swirl combustor are proposed. The effects of fuel injection angle, combustor inlet temperature, equivalence ratio, and ambient pressure on flame stabilization and emissions were investigated in a laboratory high pressure combustion chamber. An FTIR gas analyser was employed in analysing the exhaust gases. Numerical modeling using OpenFOAM was done to better understand the dependence of NO emissions on the equivalence ratio. The result show that inclined fuel injection as opposed to vertical injection along the combustor central axis resulted to improved flame stability, and lower NH3 and NOx emissions. Numerical and experimental results showed that a control of the equivalence ratio upstream of the combustor is critical for low NOx emission in a rich-lean ammonia combustor. NO emission had a minimum value at an upstream equivalence ratio of 1.10 in the experiments. Furthermore, NO emission was found to decrease with ambient pressure, especially for premixed combustion. For the rich-lean combustion strategy employed in this study, lower NOx emission was recorded in premixed combustion than in non-premixed combustion indicating the importance of mixture uniformity for low NOx emission from ammonia combustion. A prototype liner developed to enhance the control and uniformity of the equivalence ratio upstream of the combustor further improved ammonia combustion. With the proposed liner design, NOx emission of 42?ppmv and ammonia combustion efficiency of 99.5% were achieved at 0.3?MPa for fuel input power of 31.44?kW. 相似文献
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针对新一代高油气比(0.051及以上)航空发动机燃烧室,本文提出头部采用化学恰当比直接混合燃烧设计方案。对于新一代高压比(70及以上)低排放民用航空发动机燃烧室,由于其自着火延迟时间极短,因此采用贫油直接混合燃烧,而不能采用预混合预蒸发燃烧。本文提出了一种贫油直接混合低排放燃烧室方案,其燃油空气模由简单的压力雾化喷嘴和轴向旋流器组成,结合燃油分级技术降低污染物排放,该燃烧室具有较好的燃烧稳定性。这两类燃烧室的燃烧空气分数非常大,因此存在慢车贫油熄火问题。文中针对两类燃烧室分别提出了相应的解决方案,同时介绍了火焰筒外壁面及内壁面的冷却设计方案。本文研究成果可为下一代航空发动机燃烧室的发展提供指导作用。 相似文献
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本文在气固流动、煤粉燃烧和NO生成数学模型的基础上,对水泥回转窑内物料烧成过程的物理化学反应热效应采用分区段拟合的方法,建立了一套描述水泥回转窑窑内过程的数学模型。并对某3000吨/天生产能力的带四通道燃烧器的水泥回转窑进行了数值模拟,得到了回转窑内气体速度场、气体温度和组分浓度沿窑长的变化规律,对窑内NO生成进行了深入研究。研究结果表明:水泥回转窑内NO生成按机理可分为热力型NO和燃料型NO,由于窑内存在着高温、富氧环境,热力型NO为主要生成方式;热力型NO和燃料型NO生成过程存在着相互抑制作用。 相似文献
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《Proceedings of the Combustion Institute》2023,39(4):4681-4690
The instability attenuation mechanism of fuel staging was investigated in a CH4/H2 fueled dual-nozzle gas turbine combustor. Fuel staging was implemented using an asymmetry in fuel composition between the two nozzles. The fuel composition of the upper nozzle was varied while keeping that of the lower nozzle constant. Under these conditions, the self-excited and forced responses of fuel-staged flames were analyzed using OH* chemiluminescence imaging, OH planar laser-induced fluorescence, and particle image velocimetry. In the self-excited measurements, although strong combustion instability was exhibited in the symmetric condition, it weakened gradually with increasing asymmetry in fuel composition. The symmetric flame exhibited significant fluctuations in the heat release rate around the flame tip, which acted as the primary cause of driving combustion instability. However, in asymmetric flames, the H2 addition induced phase leads in heat release rate fluctuations at the upper region, which damped combustion instability. Thus, our observations revealed a high correlation between the phase leads and the attenuation of combustion instability. Analyses of the forced responses showed that the heat release rate fluctuations were induced by interactions between the flame and the shedding vortex released from the nozzle tip into the downstream. Although these characteristics of shedding vortices did not depend on the H2 addition, the change in the axial position of the flame caused by the H2 addition induced the relocation of the site, at which the flame interacted with the vortex. Subsequently, it induced phase leads in the heat release rate fluctuations. The phase difference of heat release rate fluctuations between the two flames due to this phase leads enlarged progressively with increasing asymmetry in fuel composition, leading to the attenuation of combustion instability in asymmetric conditions. 相似文献
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Low temperature combustion (LTC) is a potential thermodynamic pathway to maximize the thermal efficiency of internal combustion (IC) engines. However, high exergy loss is also observed within this combustion concept. The present study focuses on the homogeneous combustion process and examines the detailed exergy destruction mechanisms under representative LTC engine conditions. By varying both equivalence ratios (φ) and temperatures (T) at initial pressure of 50?bar, it is found that the decreased total exergy destruction fraction (fED) with increasing initial temperature mainly results from the decreased exergy destruction in the high temperature heat release stage, while using rich mixture can significantly reduce the fED in the ignition delay stage, which is dominated by the reactions involving large molecules (C7 species). Reaction pathway analysis reveals that the detailed exergy destruction sources are significantly affected by the reaction pathways. Furthermore, a qualitative exergy loss φ-T map was created to illustrate the exergy loss reduction potential. It is concluded that the combustion pathway that reforming the rich fuel/air mixtures before ignition followed by the low temperature combustion of lean reforming products offers the potential to simultaneously reduce exergy destruction and avoid soot and NOx formation. However, the potential advantages of this exergy reduction combustion concept still require further work. 相似文献