填充多层互易手征介质金属同轴线传播特性

 采用在圆柱坐标系中分离变量的方法，推出填充多层互易手征介质的金属同轴线各层电磁场之间的关系，得到其模式特征方程和圆波导模式特征方程，给出了填充两层手征介质金属同轴线部分模式的色散特性的数值计算结果，分析了手征介质参量及两层手征介质厚度变化等对手征同轴线传播特性的影响。如果互易手征介质的手征参数等于零，可得填充普通介质的同轴线的模式特征方程。与填充普通介质的同轴线中的模式相比，手征同轴线中的模式发生了分叉。当同轴线中所填介质的折射率增大时，其模式归一化截止频率和进行基模单模传输的带宽归一化频率都将减小。     

Numerical Study of Mode Competition in Coaxial Cavity Gyrotrons with Corrugated Insert

A time-dependent self-consistent multimode code which allows to model the interaction between the modes of a coaxial cavity gyrotron operating at the fundamental and/or at higher harmonics of the cyclotron frequency is presented. The Method of Moments (MoM) is used to obtain a rigorous solution of the eigenvalue problem for a coaxial waveguide with corrugated insert. It is shown that the use of the Surface Impedance Model for the calculation of modes operating at higher harmonics leads to incorrect results in high-power coaxial cavity gyrotrons. However, the numerical simulations based on the MoM agree well with the available experimental results.     

有孔矩形腔屏蔽效能的传输线法分析

首先介绍了用传输线法（transmission line method,TLM）分析有孔矩形腔屏蔽效能的基本原理，然后将基本公式作进一步扩展，使其能计算圆孔、多孔洞以及在任意极化方向时的情形。仿真结果表明:当频率低于主谐振频率时，离孔缝越近，耦合进的电磁能量越大；当处于谐振频率时，屏蔽腔与孔形成共振，屏蔽效能很低甚至为负，而且腔体内任何空间都如此；屏蔽效能随极化角度的递增而递减，低频段的屏蔽比高频段要好；对于相同面积的孔洞，单孔洞的屏蔽效能比多孔洞的屏蔽效能要差，孔洞越多，屏蔽效果越好，而圆形孔（等同于方形孔）的屏蔽效果最好。     

单谐振腔束团长度监测器耦合结构设计与仿真

单谐振腔束团长度监测器利用谐振腔内的两个本征模式测量ps量级的电子束团长度,它的关键是如何将两个不同频率的模式互不干扰地耦合提取出来。为解决这个问题,基于低通和带通滤波器的理论,提出了同轴滤波耦合结构和膜片加载波导滤波结构,借助CST微波工作室对滤波器进行建模并仿真得到其S参数。为测试耦合器的应用效果,设计了一套带有该耦合结构的单谐振腔束团长度监测器探头,根据国家同步辐射实验室基于可调谐红外激光的能源化学研究大型实验装置FELiChEM的束流特点,在CST内对所设计的探头进行束流模拟仿真。仿真结果表明,该耦合器可以实现对特定模式的耦合,并有效降低其它模式的干扰,采用同轴滤波耦合结构和膜片加载波导滤波结构的谐振腔监测器可以实现对FELiChEM装置束团长度的高精度测量,测量误差小于2 %。     

梯形波纹同轴慢波结构色散特性及其纵向谐振特性

 利用傅里叶级数展开,给出了一种求解梯形慢波结构表达式的方法。通过数值模拟,研究了级数展开次数对求解精度的影响。当级数为10阶时,线型拟合而成的结构与原结构吻合较好。利用此表达式数值求解了色散方程,得到两个最低阶模quasi-TEM模和A 模。分析了为实现电子束与quasi-TEM模的-1次空间谐波相互作用慢波结构参数所需满足的条件,并指出利用此条件下纵向电场具有表面波的特点可实现横向模式选择。采用S参数理论研究有限长慢波结构的纵向谐振特性,提出在同轴慢波器件中加入同轴引出结构可减少所需慢波结构周期数,这不但使器件结构更为紧凑,还可避免纵模竞争从而提高器件效率、稳定产生微波频率。在此基础上设计了一种L波段同轴相对论返波振荡器,采用KARAT 2.5维全电磁粒子模拟程序研究了器件内束-波作用的物理过程。模拟结果表明,该器件具有径向尺寸小、束-波作用效率高的特点。在电子束能量700 keV、电子束流11.5 kA的条件下,器件在频率1.6 GHz处获得较高的微波输出,饱和后微波的平均功率达2.60 GW,平均效率约为32.3%。     

A novel numerical synthetic technique for determination of the TMon dispersion relation in a coaxial corrugated cylindrical waveguide

A novel, highly accurate numerical synthetic technique for determining the complete dispersive characteristics of electromagnetic modes in a spatially periodic structure is presented. The numerical method based on the coupling of the finite difference method in time domain with the discrete fourier transform is applied to calculate the eigenfrequencies and eigenfield distribution of a resonant cavity which is an appropriately shorted periodic slow wave circuit of N periods at both ends. The analytical synthetic technique, which is based on the intrinsic characteristic of spatially periodic structure, is used to derive the complete dispersion relation using the numerically measured resonances. The method was successfully applied for the case of TM_on modes in a coaxial corrugated waveguide and is applicable to slow wave structures of arbitrary geometry.     

Enhancement of single mode operation in coaxial optical waveguide using DB boundary conditions

In this study, a competent numerical strategy to compute the dispersion of optical waveguides is presented and propagation of electromagnetic waves in a coaxial optical waveguide with DB boundary conditions is instigated. For this intend, cylindrical coordinates are here being used to derive the DB boundary conditions and to obtain field components for the modes. The propagation constant for the waveguide to be studied is determined by solving the Bessel and the modified Bessel functions. The cutoff frequencies for various lower order modes have been calculated and their dispersion characteristics are plotted correspondingly. The behavior of the coaxial optical waveguide under DB boundary conditions is shown to be significantly different from that of coaxial optical waveguide and conventional optical waveguide under traditional or tangential boundary conditions. Finally, the effect of waveguide dimensions on the mode cutoff frequencies and fabrication issues are also addressed.     

高功率离子束在漂移管中的中性化传输

介绍了“闪光二号”加速器产生的高功率离子束在漂移管中的传输实验。对比了采用中性化措施前后的传输情况，分析了中性化措施对离子束束斑半径、束流均匀性的影响。根据实测的二极管电压模拟得到了传输一定距离后的束流波形，与实测结果符合较好。采取适当的中性化措施后，高功率离子束可以有效传输80 cm以上，束流发散得到抑制，束流均匀性得到改善。     

矩形槽同轴布拉格结构的模式匹配分析方法及实验验证

基于模式匹配法建立了矩形槽同轴布拉格结构的全波耦合分析模型, 推导出了不同模式反射率和传输率的计算式, 并采用公开报道的实验数据验证了该理论模型. 在此基础上就本文理论与其他相关的理论方法进行了比较, 发现以前的理论近似模型由于忽略了矩形槽中的消失模而使传输率的频率响应曲线发生偏差. 本文建立的理论方法有望为矩形槽同轴布拉格结构的特性研究和工程实践提供一种理论分析手段. 关键词： 同轴布拉格结构 矩形波纹 模式匹配法 模式耦合     

The Propagation Constants of Higher-Order Modes in Coaxial Waveguides With Finite Conductivity

Overmoded coaxial waveguides have been used in coaxial gyrotrons as a key interaction structure. To achieve the required mode selectivity, the resistivity of the center conductor is properly chosen to damp unwanted modes. Considering attenuation due to conductor loss, this study employs the perturbational method to determine the propagation constants of higher-order modes in the coaxial waveguide. The validity of the theoretical model is confirmed by comparison with results obtained using the high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS). Moreover, the method proposed herein is applied to analyze the ohmic mode selection of the coaxial waveguide.     

Ultrawide-bandwidth gain in a coaxial dielectric Cherenkov maser

A coaxial waveguide partially filled with a dielectric as the slow-wave structure of a dielectric Cherenkov maser is investigated. The dispersion of the fundamental mode of this waveguide is very weak at phase velocities close to the velocity of light, and for this reason a very wide gain bandwidth is possible under conditions of an interaction with a relativistic electron beam. The dispersion equation for an infinitely thin tubular beam in a coaxial waveguide with a dielectric liner adjoining either the outer or inner conducting surface is derived. The gain bandwidth as a function of the parameters of the electron beam and the slow-wave system are investigated on the basis of numerical solution of the dispersion equation, and a comparison with similar dependences for the conventional configuration of a dielectric Cherenkov maser is made. The structural features of the coaxial configuration which enable novel approaches to the problems of matching the microwave signal at the entrance and exit of the system are discussed. Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 67, 66–72 (May 1997)     

Subwavelength rectangular cavity partially filled with left-handed materials

In this paper, we present the electromagnetic analysis of a rectangular cavity partially filled with a left-handed material slab. Our theoretical investigation shows that there exist novel resonant modes in the cavity, and such a cavity becomes a subwavelength cavity. The eigenvalue equation of the cavity is derived and the resonant frequencies of the novel modes are calculated by using numerical simulation. We also discuss the stability of the novel resonant modes and show the best condition under which a useful rectangular cavity of subwavelength dimensions with tolerable stability is obtained.     

复合结构偏心对同轴波导电磁特性的影响

采用三维电磁仿真软件CST Microwave Studio,数值模拟了内外导体轴线复合结构偏心对同轴波导电磁特性的影响。结果表明:当内外导体的轴线同时存在平行偏心和倾斜偏心时,改变了波导的边界条件,从而导致同轴波导的S21参数和电场幅值实质性下降。随着复合结构偏心程度的加剧,同轴波导的S21参数和电场幅值减小越大。同时,复合结构偏心比平行偏心或倾斜偏心单独存在时对同轴波导电磁性能的影响更大。因此,在同轴波导的实际制作过程中,应尽力避免发生复合结构偏心。     

向内发射同轴虚阴极振荡器理论分析与数值模拟

 针对向内发射同轴虚阴极振荡器进行了1维理论分析，给出了电流电压关系的数值解，估算了同轴漂移区空间电荷限制流及虚阴极位置；同时使用MAFIA程序进行了全3维PIC数值模拟研究，通过调节阴极电子发射区与阳极反射板之间距离进行了一系列计算，得到了圆波导中各传输模式频谱及功率。结果表明，尽管使用圆周对称的同轴结构，输出模式中TE₁₁和TM₀₁仍占主导地位，两种模式共同存在，相互竞争。在最佳情况下，当二极管电压为250 kV，电流为20 kA时，得到了微波输出总功率最高为740 MW，功率效率超过10%，主频为3.18 GHz，同时含有较强TE₁₁和TM₀₁模式成分的微波输出。     

Analysis of coaxial waveguide partially filled with chiral media

In this paper, the canonical problem of coaxial waveguide partially filled with chiral media is analyzed by a new equivalent transmission line network method. Both radial transmission lines in the cross section and multi-mode transmission lines in the longitudinal direction are introduced. The symmetrical properties of the structure are also discussed. Therefore, this method brings a clear physical picture into the wave propagation phenomena. Based on the analysis, the notable features and the role of the chirality parameter of the medium on the reflected and transmitted guided waves are discussed.     

High-power coaxial microwave ubitron: Simulation by the particle-in-cell method

Results of complete numerical simulation of a high-power coaxial microwave ubitron are reported. The simulation uses a 2.5-dimensional numerical electromagnetic code based on the particle-in-cell method and is performed for the amplification and oscillation operating modes. The results of our numerical simulation are compared with analytical results and results following from the nonlinear theory that are obtained by partial computer simulation.     

Singular and Hypersingular Integral Equations Techniques for Gyrotron Coaxial Resonators with a Corrugated Insert

For the first time rigorous theory is developed for eigen traveling TM modes in the resonator of the coaxial cavity gyrotron with a corrugated insert. This mathematical model can be applied for any corrugation parameters and wavelengths. Gyrotron simulation software is developed and allows to calculate mode eigenvalues, electromagnetic field components and Ohmic losses for eigen TE and TM modes. Results of the numerical investigations are presented for the ITER relevant 170 GHz coaxial cavity gyrotron developed in Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany.     

Eigenoscillations of an acoustic cavity with a local membrane

On the basis of Strutt’s approach, the problem of eigenoscillations of a gas in a cylindrical cavity with an internal membrane in the presence of a coaxial circular aperture in it (A.N. Fock’s problem) is analyzed. By an adequate numerical?analytical procedure, a high-precision solution is constructed to a boundary value problem for the eigenfrequencies and forms of lower order oscillation modes for various relative values of the aperture radius. A (qualitative and quantitative) correspondence is established to the results known in acoustics as applied to the concept of the “associated mass of an aperture.” New physical effects are obtained on the dependence of the frequencies and forms of long-wavelength oscillations of a gas on the geometric parameters of the system.     

L/C双波段高功率微波同轴馈源的辐射特性

 设计了一种高功率微波双波段同轴馈源,从理论分析和数值仿真两方面进行了验证。它采用同轴结构馈电,C波段的工作中心频率为4.15 GHz,利用加入轴向波纹的圆波导结构馈电;L波段的工作中心频率为1.75 GHz,利用同轴波导馈电。通过调整外筒半径的大小,可有效抑制低频段高阶模的传输,同时径向波纹结构可有效改善高频段微波的辐射特性。利用模式匹配法和组合散射矩阵理论对馈源结构进行了分析,理论计算和数值仿真结果具有良好的一致性,所设计的双波段馈源结构紧凑,副瓣电平低,E面和H面方向图等化特性良好。     

高分辨率空间相机共轴三反光学系统实现形式研究

为了设计出高分辨率空间相机的光学系统,研究了反射式光学系统中存在次镜对主镜的中心遮拦等问题.通过对共轴三反射光学系统结构参数和最终视场在像面上的分布情况的分析,提出了半视场、全视场和环形视场3种光学形式,设计了焦距为3000mm、F数为10的3种形式的共轴三反光学系统.设计结果表明:3种共轴三反光学系统在有效视场角内成像质量均接近衍射极限,可以满足高分辨率空间相机不同的使用要求,指出半视场共轴三反光学系统适合于线阵CCD推扫成像,全视场共轴三反光学系统可用于面阵CCD凝视成像,环形视场共轴三反光学系统可实现一台相机上全色和多光谱成像的要求.