蒸发式冷凝器管外流体流动与传热传质强化

蒸发式冷凝器是一种高效散热设备,能源危机和水环保促进了它的应用.提出了扭曲管强化管外水和空气流动及传热传质,测试了圆管、椭圆管、扭曲管等三种水平管蒸发式冷凝器的流动与传热传质性能,结果表明,扭曲管间为有序的可控制水流,分布均匀,脱落速度快,更易形成柱状流,管表面水膜厚度比现有圆管和椭圆管小;传热传质系数随冷却水喷淋密度及风速的增大而增大,但冷却水喷淋密度增大至一定值后,对传热传质系数基本没有影响;扭曲管的传热传质系数高于椭圆管,特别是圆管,总结了扭曲管传热传质系数经验式.     

一种新型重力热管传热性能研究

提出了带内循环管的新型重力热管,通过内循环的引入提高了液体的有效提升高度,增大了换热面积;而且在蒸发段实现了降膜蒸发,大大提高了热管的传热传质性能,最终提高了其热传导性能.内循环管的引入也消除了常规重力热管的携带限和沸腾限的约束,提高了热管的工作温度范围.对相同规格的常规重力热管和新型重力热管分别建立数学模型,分析其传热传质性能.结果表明,与常规重力热管比,新型重力热管蒸发段的导热系数和相当导热系数分别提高了11.5～13倍和386～563倍.     

平板上蒸发液滴内表面张力作用下流动的研究

一、前言 相界面的传热、传质过程往往伴随着流体内部的对流运动。由界面张力(表面张力)驱动的流体流动,对于热、质交换的强化起着重要作用。人们对于平板上水平液膜,流体介质中的液滴等现象进行了广泛的研究,揭示了许多表面张力驱动流动的性质,以及它与传热、传质的关系。对于水平平板上厚度小于1mm的薄液膜,液膜内的流动主要是由于温差引起的表面张力梯度触发的Bénard细胞流。实验研究发现:在水平平板上蒸发的液滴内也会出现Bénard细胞流。但是,液滴与液膜存在形状上的差异,故内部流动形式也将不同。若把小接触角的液滴看作是各处厚度不等的液膜,可以预见滴内的细胞     

多孔圆肋传热传质分析

多孔肋片传热传质过程在自然界中广泛存在,本文对水在多孔圆肋中流动产生的传热传质现象进行了研究,建立了相应的物理数学模型,通过数值计算获得肋片内水的温度和流量分布,以及水沿肋长方向蒸发率的变化。讨论了外界空气温度对多孔肋片中水的流量和蒸发率的影响,并对孔隙率、长径比等因素对肋片传热传质效率的作用进行了分析．     

蒸发相变与界面流动耦合机理研究

本文提出了一种新模型来研究液层在其纯蒸气中的蒸发热动力学特征,尤其是当蒸发界面张力驱动流占主导作用时(如微重力环境中)液层热毛细对流和界面蒸发始终耦合在一起。气-液界面的传热传质规律有待深入研究。本文数值模拟研究了蒸发相变界面热毛细对流与蒸发效应的耦合机质,得到了不同蒸发模式和不同强度热毛细对流蒸发液层的温度分布、蒸发速率以及对流流场分布的数值解。论述了蒸发Biot数和Marangoni数对界面传热传质的影响,发现并解释了蒸发和热毛细耦合的三种模式。     

交叉齿内螺纹重力热管强化传热特性

实验测定了水平和垂直放置状态下,铜-水交叉齿内螺纹重力热管的传热特性,并与普通铜-水重力热管进行了比较,得出了交叉齿内螺纹对重力热管传热性能的影响.水平放置状态下,交叉齿内螺纹重力热管具有较低的蒸发段温度、轴向温差和热阻,相比普通重力热管其传热极限也有极大的提升.垂直放置状态下,在40 W低加热功率时,交叉齿内螺纹重力热管传热性能低于普通重力热管,随着加热功率的增加,其传热性能实现反超。     

平行流热管换热器传热传质特性的数值模拟研究

建筑排风冷能回收是降低建筑能耗的重要手段。本文基于Fluent提供的VOF模型,编写蒸发冷凝相变的UDF程序,对用于建筑排风冷量回收的平行流热管内部的蒸发和冷凝特性进行了数值模拟,计算结果揭示了平行流热管内的气液两相流特性以及复杂相变传热传质的演变过程。结果表明:蒸发主要发生在液池内部,冷凝主要发生在冷凝段和绝热段的近壁面部位;相变传质过程是保证热管高效换热的关键因素。本文结果为设计平行流热管换热器提供理论依据。     

R134a/R245fa非共沸混合工质流动沸腾液膜蒸发特性研究

本文针对水平矩形通道内非共沸混合工质的流动沸腾分层流状态,同时考虑靠近其气液界面处气相与液相浓度边界层的存在,对液相浓度边界层的传质系数进行了修正,构建了对应的流动沸腾液膜蒸发模型,以R134a/R245fa混合工质为研究对象,探讨了不同入口组分质量、质量流速及热流密度等条件下液膜蒸发过程的热质传递规律,以气液相浓度边界层内的组分质量差作为气液相传质阻力的表征,界面温度和主流饱和温度之差为传热阻力的表征,深入分析了传热阻力、传质阻力与混合工质传热特性之间的内在联系.     

非等温液滴蒸发燃烧的传热传质特性

对无重力、相对静止热环境中碳氢燃料单液滴的蒸发燃烧过程,建立了非等温液滴蒸发-火焰面燃烧耦合模型。考虑了液滴内导热、液滴表面蒸发、火焰面化学反应以及气相区对流传热传质的瞬态耦合作用。将整个耦合系统分解为液滴、火焰面内气相区、火焰面外气相区三个相对独立的计算域,采用固定计算域法与随动坐标系,结合耦合界面条件,进行数值求解。分析了液滴蒸发燃烧过程中的传热传质特性以及环境压力的影响。结果表明,液滴蒸发与燃烧强烈耦合,过程后期的蒸发和火焰面动态特性与初期明显不同。     

载气蒸发气-液两相流传热特征与过程模拟

本文首先说明了载气蒸发气-液两相流传热特征,并以载气与沸腾液体相接触时液体向载气泡内快速汽化所产生的“界面汽化热阱”说明了其对传热的强化作用;进而建立载气蒸发过程流体流动与传热的数学模型,并进行了模拟计算。     

双组分混合物沸腾换热的理论研究

本文利用动态微液层模型对双组分混合物的沸腾换热现象进行了理论预测。本模型认为沸腾换热的机理主要是由于在气泡的周期生长过程中所形成微液层的蒸发。模型中考虑了气泡生长过程中液体传质的影响,给出了气泡生长过程中传热面上气-液-固接触的动态构造,计算结果与实验结果能够较好的符合。     

Boiling crisis in droplets of ethanol water solution on the heating surface

Evaporation of droplets of ethanol water solution on a heated surface is studied experimentally at high heat fluxes. The behavior of water-alcohol mixtures was examined under the conditions of heat transfer crisis. Direct measurement of the current mass of evaporating droplets allows us to study the behavior of liquid batches in significantly nonstationary processes. An insignificant alcohol admixture to water increases significantly the transitional area of the crisis. The maximal length of transitional area corresponds to a mass concentration of alcohol of about 30%. For this concentration the heat transfer coefficient of the water-alcohol solution is maximal. It is shown that addition of highly volatile liquids to water allows efficient control of evaporation rate, which can be used for engineering processes.     

太阳辐照对静止水面稳态蒸发的影响

针对低风速下静止水面的蒸发过程,考虑水面与气流的对流传热传质、水体对太阳能辐射的容积内光谱吸收及内部传热,建立分析太阳辐照作用的水面稳态蒸发模型.采用控制容积法结合蒙特卡洛法和谱带模型数值求解水体内部、表面、气流之间的能量传递与质交换.分析空气湿度、温度、流速及正逆温差下,太阳辐照强度对于水面蒸发的影响.结果表明,太阳辐照强度对低风速下静止水面蒸发的影响很大.     

循环系统中闪蒸换热特性的实验研究

本文针对循环系统中闪蒸的换热特性进行了实验研究,通过可视化系统对闪蒸形态进行了记录和分析,并得出了换热系数与各影响参数之间关系的实验关联式.实验结果表明:当循环水流量为0.028kg/s时,随着过热度的增大,换热系数变化较小,而循环水流量为0.056 kg/s和0.083 kg/s时,换热系数随过热度的增大而减小;同时发现换热系数随水膜厚度的增大而减小.可视化分析表明,闪蒸形态随闪蒸室内饱和压力的减小而变剧烈,闪蒸换热系数随之减小.     

Heat transfer in boiling of refrigerant R-21 in a downward flow in an assembly of minichannels

The paper presents the results of an experimental study of heat transfer in boiling of refrigerant R-21 in a downward flow in a vertical assembly of minichannels of a plate-fin heat exchanger. Characteristic regimes of vapor-liquid flow and heat transfer coefficients have been obtained for the case of plain fins in the ranges of low mass velocities and heat fluxes that are typical of the industry but poorly studied. The obtained data show no significant dependence of the heat transfer coefficient on the heat flux density and mass velocity, which may be explained by the decisive effect of the evaporation of thin liquid film on the heat transfer at low heat flux density.     

Boiling heat transfer of refrigerant R-21 in upward flow in plate-fin heat exchanger

The article presents the results of experimental investigation of boiling heat transfer of refrigerant R-21 in upward flow in a vertical plate-fin heat exchanger with transverse size of the channels that is smaller than the capillary constant. The heat transfer coefficients obtained in ranges of small mass velocities and low heat fluxes, which are typical of the industry, have been poorly studied yet. The characteristic patterns of the upward liquid-vapor flow in the heat exchanger channels and the regions of their existence are detected. The obtained data show a weak dependence of heat transfer coefficient on equilibrium vapor quality, mass flow rate, and heat flux density and do not correspond to calculations by the known heat transfer models. A possible reason for this behavior is a decisive influence of evaporation of thin liquid films on the heat transfer at low heat flux.     

Heat and mass transfer at adiabatic evaporation of binary zeotropic solutions

Results of numerical simulation of heat and mass transfer in a laminar flow of three-component gas at adiabatic evaporation of binary solutions from a flat plate are presented. The studies were carried out for the perfect solution of ethanol/methanol and zeotrope solutions of water/acetone, benzene/acetone, and ethanol/acetone. The liquid-vapor equilibrium is described by the Raoult law for the ideal solution and Carlson–Colburn model for real solutions. The effect of gas temperature and liquid composition on the heat and diffusion flows, and temperature of vapor-gas mixture at the interface is analyzed. The formula for calculating the temperature of the evaporation surface for the binary liquid mixtures using the similarity of heat and mass transfer was proposed. Data of numerical simulations are in a good agreement with the results of calculations based on the proposed dependence for all examined liquid mixtures in the considered range of temperatures and pressures.     

Regularities of heat- and mass transfer and evaporation of activators of thermoemissive cathodes

The problem of heat- and mass transfer and evaporation of emission-activating elements of refractory rod cathodes is formulated and solved in the 2D approximation with nonlinear boundary conditions. Time-dependent heat conduction equations, current continuity equations, as well as the diffusion equations and equations describing evaporation of activators are formulated simultaneously and solved numerically taking into account the temperature dependence of the electrode material. The thermal state of cathode assemblies depending on extrinsic parameters of plasma units is analyzed. The results of simulation of the thermal state and heat- and mass transfer in cathode assemblies with different geometries are considered.     

R410A在水平内螺纹管中沸腾换热实验研究

对于非共沸混合制冷剂R410A在外径9.52mm、5mm的两种不同的几何参数的内螺纹的流动沸腾换热进行了实验研究,分析讨论了制冷剂质量流速、管外水流量变化、强化管的参数、强化管的压降对换热系数影响以及其机理。试验的结果表明:换热系数随着流量的增大而增大,管径的大小对换热系数的影响较大,在相同的流量下,9.52mm的换热系数比5mm的大到110%~230%,5mm管的压降比9.52mm的大200%~300%。     

非共沸混合物微翅管内强制对流蒸发换热计算

分析了非共沸混合物在水平微翅管内强制对流蒸发换热的传热传质的特点,考察了影响非共沸混合工质强制对流蒸发换热的主要影响因素,建立了考虑相界面传质阻力和微翅管二次流效应的换热系数的计算模型,利用本文模型的计算结果与实验数据进行了比较,吻合较好。在高质量流量和高干度(x>0.3)下,理论预测值与实验值的平均偏差不大于10％。