光诱导噻吨酮与二苯胺间电子转移反应的溶剂化效应

利用纳秒激光闪光光解技术研究了噻吨酮(TX)和二苯胺(DPA)的光化学反应．在355 nm光激发下,TX的基电子态跃迁至第一激发态进而通过系间窜越生成三重态³TX^*. 在乙腈/水混合溶剂中,³TX^*与DPA反应体系的瞬态吸收光谱呈现出四个谱峰,分别对应³TX^*、TXH^·、TX^·-和DPA^·+的吸收. 随着溶剂极性的增大,这些吸收峰均发生红移. 结合动力学测量,³TX^*与DPA的反应机理被证实为电子转移伴随质子转移过程. ³TX^*与DPA反应的猝灭速率常数随溶剂极性的增大而缓慢减小,9.7×10⁹ L/(mol·s)(纯乙腈)、8.7×10⁹ L/(mol·s)(乙腈:水=9:1)、8.0×10⁹ L/(mol·s)(乙腈:水=4:1)和7.5×10⁹ L/(mol·s)(乙腈:水=1:1). 质子溶剂-水在此反应中的作用不明显,溶剂的极性对³TX^*与DPA电子转移速率的影响不大,表明³TX^*的³nπ^*和³ππ^*三重态吸引DPA中电子的能力相仿.     

维生素C对菲醌三重激发态的淬灭机理及动力学研究

用时间分辨电子自旋共振技术研究了乙二醇(EG)均相溶液和反胶束溶液中抗氧化剂维生素C(VC)对菲醌(PAQ)分子激发三重态³PAQ*的淬灭反应．利用反胶束模拟生物细胞和组织的生理环境．光解PAQ/EG-H₂O均相溶液,³PAQ*与溶剂分子EG之间发生氢转移反应．当体系中加入VC后,³PAQ*不仅从EG上夺氢,还从VC上夺氢,VC对³PAQ*的淬灭速率常数为1.409×10⁸ L/(mol·s), 反应受扩散控制． 在CTAB/EG-H₂O和AOT/EG-H₂O反胶束溶液中,³PAQ*和VC之间的夺氢反应发生在反胶束的水/油界面附近,³PAQ*扩散到油/水界面的过程降低了反应的速率．对于TX-100/EG-H₂O反胶束溶液, 由于PAQ增溶于亲水的聚氧乙烯链中,VC对³PAQ*的淬灭速率常数比CTAB/EG-H₂O和AOT/EG-H₂O反胶束中的都大,甚至比EG-H₂O均相溶液中的也略大．很强的VC负离子自由基As^-的CIDEP信号来源于³PAQ*与VC之间发生抽氢反应过程中的三重态机理自旋极化转移     

电子通量对ZnO/K2SiO3热控涂层光学性能的影响

 研究了电子通量对ZnO/K₂SiO₃热控涂层光学性能的影响。分别采用通量为5×10¹¹/cm²·s，8×10¹¹/cm²·s，1×10¹²/cm²·s 和5×10¹²/cm²·s的电子对试样进行辐照。电子辐照下涂层的光学性能发生了退化，并且发现了退化涂层在空气中的“漂白”现象。分析了ZnO/K₂SiO₃热控涂层光学性能的退化机制，同时讨论了电子通量对太阳光谱吸收系数的影响。实验结果发现，在5×10¹¹～1×10¹²/cm²·s的电子通量范围内，电子通量对ZnO/K₂SiO³热控涂层光学性能的影响相同。因此在这个电子通量范围内，采用加速地面试验来模拟空间的电子辐照效应是有效的。     

四氯苯醌与嘧啶类核酸碱基的光化学氢抽取和电子转移反应

采用纳秒时间分辨的激光闪光光解实验技术,研究了四氯苯醌(TCBQ)分子与两种嘧啶核酸碱基(胸腺嘧啶和尿嘧啶)分子在355nm激发下的光化学反应动力学. 355 nm将TCBQ分子布居到激发三重态³TCBQ^*,高反应活性的³TCBQ^*与碱基分子发生两个平行的反应,氢抽取反应和电子转移反应,分别对应生成瞬态光谱上观测到的两个光反应产物TCBQH·和TCBQ·^-. 这两个反应同时生成的碱基自由基和碱基阳     

瞬态磷光发射光谱研究阿替洛尔与单线态氧反应的动力学

药物活性化合物阿替洛尔是一种β受体阻滞剂,若将其排放到地表水资源中会对人类健康和生态系统产生不利的影响. 受光驱动的直接光降解以及间接光降解法可以有效去除环境中的阿替洛尔. 在间接光降解方法中,¹O₂是降解阿替洛尔这类污染物的重要活性物种. 然而,关于阿替洛尔与¹O₂反应动力学的信息还比较缺乏,二者间的反应速率常数仍存在争议. 本文通过直接观察¹O₂在1270 nm处衰减动力学来研究阿替洛尔与¹O₂在不同溶剂中的反应速率常数：在重水中为7.0×10⁵ (mol/L)^-1·s^-1,在乙腈中为8.0×10⁶ (mol/L)^-1·s^-1,在乙醇中为8.4×10⁵ (mol/L)^-1·s^-1. 在极性强、给氢能力弱的溶剂中阿替洛尔与¹O₂的反应速率常数更大. 这些结果对光降解阿替洛尔等β受体阻滞剂提供相关动力学信息.     

CHCl3电子吸附速率常数的离子迁移谱

利用电晕放电离子迁移谱, 使用高纯氮气作为载气和迁移气体, 研究了电场强度在200～500 V/cm变化时CHCl₃的解离电子吸附速率常数, 得到样品所对应的电子吸附速率常数为1.26×10^-8～8.24×10^-9 cm³/(molecules s)．利用该装置测量了固定电场下,样品的电子吸附速率常数与样品浓度之间的关系．此外利用所获得的离子迁移谱图得到了不同电场强度下Cl^-与CHCl₃之间的离子分子反应速率常数.     

青蒿素光化学合成中二氢青蒿酸与单线态氧反应的动力学研究

青蒿素是一种优异的抗疟药，广泛用于临床医学. 但由于青蒿素天然来源的限制，青蒿素的化学合成一直受到高度关注. 二氢青蒿酸是合成青蒿素的关键前体. 二氢青蒿酸与单线态氧反应形成过氧化物是青蒿素光化学制备中的关键步骤，制约着青蒿素化学合成的产率. 然而关于二氢青蒿酸与单线态氧反应的重要动力学信息并未有报道. 本文通过光敏化法产生单线态氧，研究二氢青蒿酸与单线态氧之间的反应速率常数. 通过直接检测单线态氧在1270 nm处的发光衰减动力学，得出单线态氧与二氢青蒿酸在不同溶剂中的反应速率常数分别为：在CCl₄中为1.81×10⁵ (mol/L)^-1·s^-1，在CH₃CN中为5.69×10⁵ (mol/L)^-1·s^-1，DMSO中为3.27×10⁶ (mol/L)^-1·s^-1. 发现在三种溶剂中二氢青蒿酸与单线态氧的反应速率常数随着溶剂极性的增加而增加. 这些结果为优化青蒿素光化学合成的实验条件提供了基础知识，有助于提高青蒿素的合成效率.     

克里奇中间体CH2OO与CF3CF=CF2反应的动力学研究

本文使用OH激光诱导荧光方法研究了结构最简单的克里奇中间体CH₂OO和CF₃CF=CF₂的反应动力学. 在压强为10 Torr条件下，测量了温度在283，298，308和318 K的反应速率常数，分别为(1.45±0.14)×10^-13，(1.18±0.11)×10^-13，(1.11±0.08)×10^-13和(1.04±0.08)×10^-13 cm³·molecule^-1·s^-1. 根据阿伦尼乌斯方程，获得该反应的活化能为(-1.66±0.21) kcal/mol. 在6.3∽70 torr压力范围内，未观察到该反应的速率常数存在压力相关.     

利用交流阻抗谱揭示Ir(111)电极在酸性溶液中的氢吸附动力学

本文利用阻抗谱研究Ir(111)电极在HClO₄和H₂SO₄中溶液中的氢吸附行为. 在HClO₄溶液中,随着施加电位从0.2 V降到0.1 V(vs RHE),Ir(111)电极上氢吸附速率从1.74×10^-8 mol·cm^-2·s^-1增大到 3.47×10^-7 mol·cm^-2·s^-1 . 与相同条件下Pt(111)电极上的氢吸附速率相比,Ir(111)上的氢吸附速率要小1∽2个数量级,这是由于Ir(111)电极与H₂O结合能力更强,因此位于水合氢键网络中的氢离子需要克服更高的能垒才能重新定向进而发生欠电位沉积. 在H₂SO₄溶液中,氢吸附电位负移了200 mV,吸附速率也下降了一个数量级,这是由于Ir(111)电极表面强吸附的硫酸根/硫酸氢根物种的阻碍作用. 结果表明,在电化学环境下,位于电极表面附近的水分子的取代和重新定向在很大程度上影响了氢吸附过程.     

玻璃微球壁厚和预充气工艺对气体渗透性能的影响

 以空心玻璃微球为研究对象，利用高压充气系统充气，测量了不同条件下玻璃微球对氘气在室温条件下的气体渗透系数。研究结果表明：微球的壁厚对气体渗透系数影响较大，2 mm以上厚壁球的气体渗透系数约5.0×10^-22 mol·m^-1·s^-1·Pa^-1，而壁厚小于1 mm时，渗透系数约1.56×10^-20 mol·m^-1·s^-1·Pa^-1，两者相差30倍。预充气挑选工艺对微球的气体渗透系数也产生一定影响，对于薄壁空心玻璃微球一次充放气气体渗透系数增加约50％，两次充放气则增大一倍左右。对上述影响因素进行了初步的探讨，气体渗透系数改变的主要原因是玻璃微球表面的结构裂纹、空位和缺陷。     

Synthesis, Characterization, DNA-Binding and Antiproliferative Activity of Nd(III) Complexes With N-(Nitrogen Heterocyclic) Norcantharidin Acylamide Acid

Three novel complexes [Nd(L)(NO₃)(H₂O)₂]·NO₃·2H₂O (HL¹ = N-pyrimidine norcantharidin acylamide acid, C₁₂H₁₃N₃O₄; HL² = N-pyridine norcantharidin acylamide acid, C₁₃H₁₄N₂O₄; HL³ = N-phenyl norcantharidin acylamide acid, C₁₄H₁₅NO₄) were synthesized. HL¹, HL² and HL³ are the ligand of complex(1), complex(2) and complex(3), respectively. Their structures were characterized by elemental analysis, conductivity measurement, infrared spectra and thermogravimetric analysis. The DNA-binding properties of the complexes have been investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy and viscosity measurements. The results suggest that the complexes can bind to DNA by partial intercalation. The liner Stern-Volmer quenching constant K_sq values are 3.3(±0.21)(1), 1.7(±0.19)(2) and 0.9(±0.04)(3), respectively. Complex (1) and (2) have been found to cleave pBR322 plasmid DNA at physiological pH and temperature. The test of antiproliferation activity indicates that complex(1) has strong antiproliferative ability against the SMMC7721 (IC₅₀ = 131.7 ± 23.4 μmol·L⁻¹) and A549 (IC₅₀ = 128.4 ± 19.9 μmol·L⁻¹) cell lines. The inhibition rates of complex(2) (IC₅₀ = 86.3 ± 11.3 μmol·L⁻¹) are much higher than that of NCTD (IC₅₀ = 115.5 ± 9.5 μmol·L⁻¹) and HL² (111.0 ± 5.7 μmol·L⁻¹) against SMMC7721 cell lines.     

Does the G·G*syn DNA mismatch containing canonical and rare tautomers of the guanine tautomerise through the DPT? A QM/QTAIM microstructural study

We have established that the asynchronous concerted double proton transfer (DPT), moving with a time gap and without stable intermediates, is the underlying mechanism for the tautomerisation of the G·G^*_syn DNA base mispair (C₁ symmetry), formed by the keto and enol tautomers of the guanine in the anti- and syn-configurations, into the G^*·G^*_syn base mispair (C₁), formed by the enol and imino tautomers of the G base, using quantum-mechanical calculations and Bader's quantum theory of atoms in molecules. By constructing the sweeps of the geometric, electron-topological, energetic, polar and natural bond orbital properties along the intrinsic reaction coordinate of the G·G^*_syn?G^*·G^*_syn DPT tautomerisation, the nine key points, that are critical for the atomistic understanding of the tautomerisation reaction, were set and comprehensively analysed. It was found that the G·G^*_syn mismatch possesses pairing scheme with the formation of the O6···HO6 (7.01) and N1H···N7 (6.77) H-bonds, whereas the G^*·G^*_syn mismatch – of the O6H···O6 (10.68) and N1···HN7 (9.59 kcal mol^?1) H-bonds. Our results highlight that these H-bonds are significantly cooperative and mutually reinforce each other in both mismatches. The deformation energy necessary to apply for the G·G^*_syn base mispair to acquire the Watson–Crick sizes has been calculated. We have shown that the thermodynamically stable G^*·G^*_syn base mispair is dynamically unstable structure with a lifetime of 4.1 × 10^?15 s and any of its six low-lying intermolecular vibrations can develop during this period of time. These data exclude the possibility to change the tautomeric status of the bases under the dissociation of the G·G^*_syn mispair into the monomers during DNA replication. Finally, it has been made an attempt to draw from the physico-chemical properties of all four incorrect purine–purine DNA base pairs a general conclusion, which claims the role of the transversions in spontaneous point mutagenesis.     

The Co-luminescence Effect of Eu–Gd–Ofloxacin–SDBS System and its Analytical Application

A fluorescence enhancement phenomenon in the europium (Eu)–Ofloxacin (OF)–Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate (SDBS) fluorescence system was observed when Gd³⁺ was added. The fluorescence intensity of the systems was measured (λ _ex/λ _em = 280/612 nm) at pH 7.8. Under optimum conditions, a linear relationship between the enhanced fluorescence intensity and the Eu³⁺ concentration in the range of 5.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ ∼ 2.0 × 10⁻⁷ mol·L⁻¹ was observed. The detection limit of Eu³⁺ was 1.46 × 10⁻¹⁰ mol·L⁻¹ (S/N = 3). This method was used for the determination of trace amounts of europium in synthetic rare earth samples with satisfactory results. In addition, the interaction mechanism is also studied.     

Photoluminescence Electron-Transfer Quenching of Rhenium(I) Complexes with Organic Sulfides

Electron-transfer(ET) from organic sulfides to excited state rhenium(I)-based heteroleptic tricarbonyl complexes [Re(bpy)(CO)₃(py)]⁺ (I) and [Re(bpy)(CO)₃(ind))]⁺ (II) in acetonitrile solution is facile and luminescence quenching constants, k_q, are in the range 10⁵–10⁸ M⁻¹s⁻¹. The detection of the sulfide radical cation in this system using time-resolved absorption spectroscopy is a direct evidence for the ET nature of the reaction. The k_q values for the quenching of Re(I)-complexes with organic sulfides are analyzed with a scheme involving rate controlling electron transfer process. The measured rate constants for the electron transfer (ET) reaction are close to the values calculated from Marcus theory.     

Elucidation of the Binding Properties of A Photosensitizer to Salmon Sperm DNA and Its Photobleaching Processes by Spectroscopic Methods

Methylene blue (MB) is a tricyclic heteroaromatic photosensitizer with a promising application in the photodynamic therapy (PDT) for anticancer treatment. The binding properties of MB to salmon sperm DNA have been investigated by the measurements of absorption spectra, quenching experiments and the photobleaching processes. Remarkable hypochromic and bathochromic effects of MB in the presence of increasing amounts of DNA have been observed in the absorption spectra. The quenching of MB by the DNA bases obeys the Stern-Volmer equation and ferrocyanide quenching of MB in the absence and presence of DNA is also measured as extended experiments. Results from the above spectral measurements are all consistent with the intercalative binding mode of MB to DNA with the K _b value of 5.6?×?10³?M^?1. The photobleaching processes of MB and its DNA complex have also been studied, which indicate that the photobleaching of MB and its DNA complex proceed with different mechanisms and the reactive oxygen species are responsible for the self-sensitized photooxidation of MB.     

N2(B3IIg) Quenching by Ethanol

The reaction rate values for the molecular nitrogen B³II_g state quenching by ethanol for vibrational quantum numbers v′ = 4–12 have been evaluated from the change of N₂ first positive system spectrum at ethanol addition to a high speed, microwave produced, plasma flow. The wall influence is avoided using a 0.9 m large reaction chamber. Computed N₂(B³II_g) quenching rate values are comprised between 0.9 × 10^?10 and 1.4 × 10^?10 cm³ · s^?1, being smaller than the corresponding gaskinetics rate.