面向激光等离子体尾波加速的毛细管放电实验研究

具有合适径向密度分布的等离子体通道可以用于超短超强激光导引,这使得等离子体通道在激光尾波加速中有着重要的应用.本文介绍了在上海交通大学激光等离子体实验室开展的毛细管放电和光导引实验.通过光谱展宽法测量了充氦气的放电毛细管中的等离子体密度分布,在长度为3 cm、内径为300μm的毛细管中实现了轴向均匀,径向呈抛物线型的等离子体密度分布.通过改变放电延时和喷气时长,确定和优化了产生等离子体通道的参数区间,得到的最大通道深度为28μm,与实验中使用的激光焦斑半径匹配.在此基础之上,开展了不同能量的激光脉冲在放电等离子体通道中的导引研究,结果发现当通道深度与焦斑半径匹配时,激光可以不散焦地在通道中传输,实现激光导引.这项研究为未来的激光尾波级联加速和锁相加速等研究奠定了基础.     

HL—1M装置等离子体离子温度测量

在ＨＬ－１Ｍ托卡马克装置上，利用８通道中性粒子能谱仪测量的等离子体离子温度。在等离子体电流和密变化、激光吹气、弹丸注入，超声分子束注入和低混杂波加热等实验条件下，观测了Ｔｉ的变化。     

强激光在窄通道中传播的理论研究

在考虑相对论和有质动力非线性以及全局电量守衡的前提下,分析了强激光在冷等离子体窄通道中稳定传播的情况。采用较为简化的二维理论模型,给出了描述激光和通道横向结构的解,对不同通道宽度、通道密度、激光强度和电磁模式等进行了讨论,分析了其对激光在等离子体通道中传播的影响。分析发现,在存在预通道的情况下,当等离子体通道的密度大于临界密度很多时(例如20倍临界密度),即使是在激光波长量级的通道中,激光仍然可以传播。通道越宽,等离子体密度越小;激光强度越大越容易传播。在同样的通道和传输情况下,TE0模传输所需要的激光强度比TE1模要小。     

等离子体天线色散关系和辐射场数值计算

研究了电磁波沿轴向对称柱形等离子体天线传播的特性、色散关系及辐射方向图、增益等天线参数.通过对腔体材料介电系数、内外半径、等离子体密度、碰撞频率等参数的分析，结果表明要减小波沿等离子体天线传播的衰减，应当增加等离子体密度，减小碰撞频率，增加等离子体半径，减小腔体厚度，采用介电系数较小的材料.计算了在不同参数条件下，等离子体天线的辐射方向图、增益的变化，这些结果对于等离子体天线的设计很有参考价值. 关键词： 等离子体天线 色散关系 增益 辐射方向图     

飞秒激光等离子体通道传导能量特性的研究进展

基于强飞秒激光诱导等离子体通道的基本性质,分析了等离子体通道在传导电能和射频电磁能时的一些基本问题。综述了飞秒激光等离子体通道传输电能和电磁能方面的新概念和新技术,重点描述了该领域近几年所取得的一些理论及应用的最新成果。最后,展望了飞秒激光等离子体通道在传导能量技术领域中的发展趋势。     

纳秒激光诱导空气等离子体射频辐射特性研究

开展了波长为532 nm、脉宽为8 ns的纳秒激光诱导空气等离子体射频电磁辐射特性实验研究,基于锥形天线探测空气等离子体在30-800 MHz频谱范围有较强的射频电磁辐射,是等离子体内电偶极子振荡变速运动造成的.实验结果表明:随激光能量增加,30-200 MHz范围内射频辐射强度逐渐变强,但360-600 MHz频率范围射频辐射强度逐渐变弱.等离子体射频辐射的空间分布依赖于入射激光的偏振方向,当激光偏振方向与天线放置方向一致时,该方向上空气等离子体的射频辐射强度高,谱线较丰富.射频辐射总功率随激光能量先增加后降低,采用等离子体电子密度变化对等离子体频率及等离子体衰减系数影响(制约)关系,对射频辐射总功率随激光能量的变化规律进行了解释.     

快点火中质子的能量沉积和神光Ⅱ升级装置上的质子束的产生

基于神光Ⅱ升级装置激光条件,利用流体程序、粒子模拟程序和Fokker-Placnck程序,模拟研究质子快点火中所需质子束的品质以及产生所需质子束的激光条件.首先根据快点火靶的条件,利用Fokker-Planck方程模拟快点火所需的质子束的能量范围,模拟表明当背景等离子密度为300 g/cm³时,能量为7—12 MeV的质子束适合点火;当背景等离子体密度为400 g/cm³时,能量为8—18 MeV的质子束适合点火.再根据神光Ⅱ升级装置实验条件研究质子束所需的激光参数,通过利用粒子模拟程序,结合流体程序给出的预等离子体,分别模拟研究了加预等离子体和不加预等离子体两种情况下的质子加速,在有预等离子体时得到的质子束最大能量约为22 MeV,没有预等离子体时得到的质子束最大能量为17.5 MeV,具体分析了两种情况下质子加速的物理机制,其结果跟等离子体自由膨胀模型结果符合得很好.     

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应用电子与多光子集团非线性Compton散射模型,将入射和散射光作为离子的传输机制,研究了Compton散射下多束相干强耦合激光等离子体中离子的运动,给出了相对论离子动力学方程,并进行了数值模拟。研究发现,散射使光的传播速度减小,系统的矢势和标势增大,由入射和散射光形成的多束相干强耦合激光能使质子加速到5.40GeV的能量,而耦合轴向电场在其中起着关键作用。     

填充预等离子体通道靶激光电子加速研究北大核心CSCD

采用紧聚焦的超强短脉冲激光与固体通道靶相互作用是获得大电量、高准直相对论电子束的一种有效方式。实验中由于激光预脉冲烧蚀靶壁产生预等离子体会膨胀、填充到真空通道中,从而导致电子束品质发生变化。采用二维PIC粒子模拟程序研究了通道靶中填充预等离子体的电子加速过程。模拟结果显示,在功率密度为5.0×10^(20W/cm^(2))的超强短脉冲激光条件下,通道中填充一定密度的等离子体时激光场优先与低密度等离子体相互作用,激光脉冲与通道壁的相互作用减弱,电子加速机制由纵向场主导的真空电子加速转变为横向电场主导的等离子体电子加速,产生电子束具有更大的电荷量,但能量降低,发散角增大。     

磁场调控型离子源的设计与实验

磁场调控型离子源在离子源等离子体扩散空间中引入轴向强脉冲磁场,磁场起两方面的作用,一是形成潘宁放电效应,使原子、气体分子碰撞电离效率增加;二是在脉冲强磁场的作用下,强轴向磁场将质量较轻的离子约束在轴线上,对质量较重的金属离子约束能力较弱,导致其在等离子体膨胀引出通道中碰壁损失,能够提升引出轻离子的比例。开展了磁场调控的离子源放电结构、强脉冲螺线管磁场以及引出束流光学结构的设计;测量分析了引出离子流强和离子打靶束斑形貌。研究结果表明,强轴向磁场通过等离子体对混合离子成分的筛选作用,可有效提高引出离子流强中的轻离子成分比例。     

Decay instability in a plasma channel

Near the critical layer, a large-amplitude laser beam creates a transverse plasma channel due to the ponderomotive force. The axis of the channel is normal to the ambient density gradient. Inside the channel, the laser beam decays into counter-propagating ion acoustic and Langmuir waves. A nonlocal theory of the process is developed for a parabolic density profile. The growth rate of the instability is significantly reduced due to the nonlocal effects     

Particle Simulation of Relativistic Laser Pulse Density Channeling

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Particle Simulation of Relativistic Laser Pulse Density Channeling

Two-dimensional particle simulation is carried out to study the interaction between a high-intensity finite-size spot laser beam and a plasma with linear density profile. The laser is allowed to propagate in underdense corona until it is cut off near the critical surface. The intense laser can drive various instabilities through particle collective motion and result in electron heating,while relativistic effect and ponderomotive force can bring strong energy absorption and electron heating in the overdense region. As the laser beam is nonuniform in the transverse direction,a density channel forms and hole boring effect occurs as a result of strong ponderomotive force pushing particle outwards. These processes can be investigated well by particle simulation.     

超强激光等离子体中钻孔效应的二维粒子模拟

 当非均匀超短脉冲强激光照射均匀分布的过稠密等离子体时, 相对论效应导致电子质量增大,相对论电子等离子体频率减小,激光能更深地进入等离子体产生强烈吸收。由于入射激光的径向不均匀性,钻孔效应显著。通过二维粒子模拟结果清晰地观察到了等离子体通道的产生。     

Allowable propagation of short pulse laser beam in a plasma channel and electromagnetic solitary waves

Nonparaxial and nonlinear propagation of a short intense laser beam in a parabolic plasma channel is analyzed by means of the variational method and nonlinear dynamics. The beam propagation properties are classified by five kinds of behaviors. In particularly, the electromagnetic solitary wave for finite pulse laser is found beside the other four propagation cases including beam periodically oscillating with defocussing and focusing amplitude, constant spot size, beam catastrophic focusing. It is also found that the laser pulse can be allowed to propagate in the plasma channel only when a certain relation for laser parameters and plasma channel parameters is satisfied. For the solitary wave, it may provide an effective way to obtain ultra-short laser pulse.     

Non‐linear interaction of a q‐Gaussian laser beam in a plasma channel created by the ignitor‐heater technique

This paper presents a theoretical investigation of the propagation characteristics of a q‐Gaussian laser beam propagating through a plasma channel created by the ignitor‐heater technique. The ignitor beam creates the plasma by tunnel‐ionization of air. The heater beam heats the plasma electrons and establishes a parabolic channel. The third beam (q‐Gaussian beam) is guided in the plasma channel under the combined effects of density non‐uniformity and non‐uniform ohmic heating of the plasma channel. Numerical solutions of the non‐linear Schrodinger wave equation (NSWE) for the fields of laser beams are obtained with the help of the moment theory approach. Particular emphasis is placed on the dynamical variations of the spot size of the laser beams and the longitudinal phase shift of the guided beam with the distance of propagation.     

The effect of plasma channel on the self-distortion of laser pulse propagating through the collisional plasma channel

In the present paper, laser pulse distortion/breakup and the effect of the plasma channel on the laser propagation through the collisional plasma have been studied by using moment theory approach. Second order nonlinear differential equations of the beam width parameter have been derived for the propagation of the laser through uniform homogenous plasma and preformed plasma channel having parabolic density profile. Differential equations of beam width parameter have been solved numerically using Runge Kutta method. It has been observed from analysis that when the laser pulse propagates through the homogenous plasma, the low intensity front and rear parts of the laser get defocused/diffracted and the high intensity central/main portion of the laser pulse gets self-guided. As a result of this, the laser pulse gets distorted. This distortion of the laser has not been observed when the laser pulse is propagated through the plasma channel having density minimum at the axis and maximum at the edges. The laser pulse is guided as a whole, even the low intensity front and rear parts of the laser are also guided. Therefore, the plasma channel is useful to prevent the distortion/breakup of the laser.     

强激光束在等离子体通道中传输的变分法研究

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Computation of the tracking force acting on a relativistic electron beam propagating in a conducting waveguide under the ohmic and ion-focused regimes

The force of interaction between a relativistic electron beam deflected by resistive hose instability and the eddy current induced in a tubular plasma channel of finite conductivity is computed. Dependences of the force on channel ohmic conductivity and current rise time in a beam pulse are studied. For a beam propagating through a perfectly conducting waveguide under the ion-focused regime, the interaction of the beam with the ion-channel electrostatic image on the waveguide wall is studied for the case when the beam and the channel are deflected from the waveguide axis as a result of ion hose instability. The dependence of the force on both deflection amplitudes is ascertained for the nonlinear phase of instability. It is demonstrated that the force under study may become comparable to the beam-channel interaction force if the deflections are large.     

Second Harmonic Generation of Self Focused Cosh‐Gaussian Laser Beam in Collisionless Plasma

This paper presents an investigation of self‐focusing of a Cosh‐Gaussian (ChG) laser beam and its effect on second harmonic generation in collisionless plasma. In the presence of ChG laser beam the carriers get redistributed from high field region to low field region on account of ponderomotive force as a result of which a transverse density gradient is produced in the plasma which in turn generates an electron‐plasma wave at pump frequency. Generated plasma wave interacts with the incident laser beam and hence generates its second harmonics. Moment theory has been used to derive differential equation governing the evolution of spot size of ChG laser beam propagating through collisionless plasma. The differential equation so obtained has been solved numerically. The effect of decentered parameter, intensity of ChG laser beam and density of plasma on self‐focusing of the laser beam and second harmonic yield has been investigated. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)