Decoupling Bang-Bang Group for Adiabatic Decoherence Control in a Three-Level Atom

In this paper, we study the control problem of adiabatic decoherence in a three-level atom. We will find thedecoupling bang-bang group for various configurations, including the V configuration and the cascade type of three-level atom subjected to adiabatic decoherence. We also give the programs to design a sequence of periodic twinborn pulses to suppress the decoherence.     

Decoupling Bang-Bang Group for Adiabatic Decoherence Control in a Three-Level Atom

In this paper, we study the control problem of adiabatic decoherence in a three-level atom. We will find the decoupling bang-bang group for various configurations, including the V configuration and the cascade type of three-levelatom subjected to adiabatic decoherence. We also give the programs to design a sequence of periodic twinborn pulses to suppress the decoherence.     

Time synchronization and carrier frequency control of CAPS navigation signals generated on the ground

The Chinese Area Positioning System (CAPS) works without atomic clocks on the satellite, and the CAPS navigation signals transmitted on the ground may achieve the same effect as that with high-performance atomic clocks on the satellite. The primary means of achieving that effect is through the time synchronization and carrier frequency control of the CAPS navigation signals generated on the ground. In this paper the synchronization requirements of different time signals are analyzed by the formation of navigation signals, and the theories and methods of the time synchronization of the CAPS navigation signals generated on the ground are also introduced. According to the conditions of the high-precision satellite velocity-measurement signal source, the carrier frequency and its chains of the navigation signals are constructed. CAPS velocity measurement is realized by the expected deviation of real time control to the carrier frequency, and the precision degree of this method is also analyzed. The experimental results show that the time synchronization precision of CAPS generating signals is about 0.3 ns and the precision of the velocity measurement signal source is about 4 cm/s. This proves that the theories and methods of the generating time synchronization and carrier frequency control are workable. Supported by the Major Knowledge Innovation Programs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KGCX1-21), the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2004AA105030 and 2006AA12Z314), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10453001), and the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB815502)     

Calculation of triaxial superdeformation in <Superscript>174</Superscript>Hf

A two-dimensional Total Routhian Surface (TRS) calculation with the fixed hexadecapole deformation ε4 = 0.03 was carried out for several configurations of 174Hf. Results indicate that the shell corrections have an important contribution to the formation of triaxial superdeformation in 174Hf and some possible configuration assignments are made to the 4 TSD bands experimentally found in 174Hf.     

First-principles study of structures and electronic properties of cadmium sulfide clusters

The lowest-energy structures and the electronic properties of CdnSn （n = 1 - 8） clusters have been studied by using denslty-functional theory simulating package DMol^3 in the generalized gradient approximation （GGA）. The ring-like structures are the lowest-energy configurations for n = 2, 3 and the three-dimensional spheroid configurations for n = 4 - 8. The three-dimensional structures may be considered as being built from the Cd2S2 and Cd3S3 rings. Compared to the previous reports, we have found the more stable structures for CdnSn（n = 7, 8）. Calculations show that the magic numbers of CdnSn （n = 1-8） clusters are n = 3 and 6. As cluster size increases, the properties of CdnSn clusters tend to bulk-like ones in binding energy per CdS unit and Mulliken atomic charge, obtained by comparing with the calculated results of the wurtzite and zinc blende CdS for the same simulating parameters.     

Selection of satellite constellation framework of CAPS

Based on the idea of transmitting the satellite navigation and positioning system, taking the distribution and variation of the Position Dilution of Precision factor (PDOP), which is closely related with the precision of navigation and positioning, within the China area as the primary criterion, we analyze and discuss the tentative plan of constellation configuration consisting of geosynchronous orbit (GEO) communication satellites and inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) satellites for the transmitting Chinese Area Positioning System (CAPS). We emphatically consider the effect on the PDOP by the three major orbit parameters including the inclination, eccentricity and right ascension of the ascending node (RAAN) of IGSO satellites, to research the strategies of the constellation configuration of CAPS through software emulation. Various constellation configurations are analyzed and compared and the results show that the constellation configuration, consisting of three IGSO communication satellites in three orbits with the same inclination as 50°, the difference in RAAN as 120° and the same “8” shaped ground track centered near 115°E and four or five GEO communication satellites within 60°E to 150°E, can satisfy the requirement that Chinese domain is availably covered and the navigation and positioning with high precision could be obtained. Three relatively excellent constellation configurations are initially suggested and some concerned issues are discussed in this work. Supported by the National Basic Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB815501) and the Chinese National Programs for High Technology Research and Development (Grant No. 2007AA12z343)     

Cartan decomposition of a two-qutrit gate

The decomposition of matrices corresponding to the 2-qutrit logic gate by successive Cartan decomposition is investigated, and written in an exponential form based on the relationship between Lie group and Lie algebra, thus making them able to relate with the control field and the Hamiltonian of the system to perform the gate. Finally the decomposition of the ternary SWAP gate is presented in detail. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60433050) and the Key Project of the Science Foundation of Xuzhou Normal University, China (Grant No. 06XLA05)     

Duality relation for 32-vertex model on the triangular lattice

The duality relation is derived for a vertex model on the triangular lattice. Vertex configurations are limited to the 32 that have an odd number of incoming arrows, and vertex energies are invariant to rotations ofp/3 and reversal of all arrows. Special cases of the model include the triangular Ising model and Baxter's three-spin model, for each of which the duality relation gives the critical temperature.Research supported in part by NSF Grant No. 33535X.     

The fluidity and molding ability of glass-forming Zr-based alloy melt

The fluidity and filling ability of glass-forming Zr-based alloy melt in copper mould were investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The major factors which affected the flowing behavior of the metallic melt in the mold were determined, which provides the foundation for overcoming the contradiction between the filling and formation of amorphous alloy during the rapid cooling process of the metallic melts. The casting factors to prepare a metallic ring were discussed and selected. As a result, a Zr-based bulk metallic glass ring was prepared successfully. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50731005), SKPBRC (Grant No. 2006CB605201/2007CB616915), PCSIRT (Grant No. IRT0650), the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China (Grant No. E2004000209), the Scientific Research Foundation of Education Department of Hebei Province of China (Grant No. 2004464), and the Experts and Scholars Fund of Personnel Department of Hebei Province, China (Grant No. 2003)     

Self-organization effect in poly（3-hexylthiophene）： methanofullerenes solar cells

This paper studies the self-organization of the polymer in solar cells based on poly（3-hexylthiophene）： [6, 6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester by controlling the growth rate of active layer. These blend films are characterized by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, charge-transport dark J - V curve, x-ray diffraction pattern curve, and atomic force microscopy. The results indicate that slowing down the drying process of the wet films leads to an enhanced selforganization, which causes an increased hole transport. Increased incident light absorption, higher carrier mobility, and balanced carrier transport in the active layer explain the enhancement in the device performance, the power conversion efficiency of 3.43% and fill factor up to 64.6% are achieved under Air Mass 1.5, 100 mW/cm^2.     

Effect of growth conditions on InAs nanoislands formation on Si(100) surface

In this paper we have studied the island formation during InAs/Si(100) three dimensional (3D) heteroepitaxial growth using RHEED, SEM and TEM methods. We have found the strong influence of the growth conditions on the surface morphology. Both kinetic and energetic parameters play an important role during the growth in InAs/Si system. Dislocation-free InAs islands are formed at the Si(100) when lateral size is less then 5 nm. Presented at VIII-th Symposium on Surface Physics, Třešt’ Castle, Czech Republic, June 28 – July 2, 1999. This work was partially supported by INTAS Grant No 96-0242, RFBR Grant No 98-02-18317 and Grant No 99-02-16799, Scientific Programmes “Physics of Solid State nanostructures” Grant No 98-2029 and “Methods and Devices of Micro- and Nanoelectronics” Grant No 02.04.5.1.40.E.46. G.E. Cirlin and B.V. Volovik are grateful to the INTAS Young Scientists Fellowship (Grant No 98-54 and No 98-41, respectively).     

Recent progress in medical photonics

The field of medical photonics is rapidly expanding, and a wide variety of optical technologies and instruments have recently been developed for diagnostic, therapeutic and basic science applications in medicine. This review presents the recent advances and application of medical photonics, and the obtained results from our laboratory are highlighted. Finally, the challenges and future prospects for the transition from technological exploration to clinical studies are discussed. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60678054), the PhD Program Foundation of Ministry of Education (Grant No. 200803940001), the Key Grants from Ministry of Education (Grant No. 209063), and the Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 2008J0001)     

Revisiting the security of quantum dialogue and bidirectional quantum secure direct communication

From the perspective of information theory and cryptography, the security of two quantum dialogue protocols and a bidirectional quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) protocol was analyzed, and it was pointed out that the transmitted information would be partly leaked out in them. That is, any eavesdropper can elicit some information about the secrets from the public annunciations of the legal users. This phenomenon should have been strictly forbidden in a quantum secure communication. In fact, this problem exists in quite a few recent proposals and, therefore, it deserves more research attention in the following related study. Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2006AA01Z419), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 90604023 and 60373059), the National Research Foundation for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No. 20040013007), the National Laboratory for Modern Communications Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 9140C1101010601), the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (Grant No. 4072020) and the ISN Open Foundation     

Coronal holes with a saddle structure as deduced from Yohkoh observations

Saddle structures are seen in some images of the Sun in the soft X-rays obtained by Yohkoh mission. At the center of any such structure, there is a small coronal hole having the outlines of an astroid or a cross. The coronal saddles occur in magnetic configurations with a high degree of symmetry (quadrupoles). Comparison with the models shows that open field lines cannot be modeled using only the source surface.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 39, No. 10, pp. 1275–1279, October, 1996.This work was supported in part by the Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research under Grant No. 93-02-15112.     

Threshold quantum secret sharing between multi-party and multi-party

A threshold quantum secret sharing (TQSS) scheme between multi-party and multi-party was proposed using a sequence of single photons, which is useful and efficient when the parties of communication are not all present. We described the process of this TQSS scheme and discussed its security. It was shown that entanglement is not necessary for quantum secret sharing. Moreover, the theoretic efficiency was improved to approach 100% as almost all the instances can be used for generating the private key, and each photon can carry one bit of information. This protocol is feasible with the present-day technique. Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program)(Grant No. 2007CB311100), the National High-Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2006AA01Z419 and 2006AA01Z440), the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 90604023), the Scientific Research Common Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education (Grant No. KM200810005004), the Scientific Research Foundation for the Youth of Beijing University of Technology (Grant No. 97007016200701), the Doctoral Scientific Research Activation Foundation of Beijing University of Technology (Grant No. 52007016200702), the ISN Open Foundation, and the National Laboratory for Modern Communications Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 9140C1101010601)     

Multiparty simultaneous quantum identity authentication with secret sharing

Two multiparty simultaneous quantum identity authentication (MSQIA) protocols based on secret sharing are presented. All the users can be authenticated by a trusted third party (TTP) simultaneously. In the first protocol, the TTP shares a random key K with all the users using quantum secret sharing. The ith share acts as the authentication key of the ith user. When it is necessary to perform MSQIA, the TTP generates a random number R secretly and sends a sequence of single photons encoded with K and R to all the users. According to his share, each user performs the corresponding unitary operations on the single photon sequence sequentially. At last, the TTP can judge whether the impersonator exists. The second protocol is a modified version with a circular structure. The two protocols can be efficiently used for MSQIA in a network. They are feasible with current technology. Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (Grant No. 2007CB311100), the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2006AA01Z419 and 20060101Z4015), the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 90604023), the Scientific Research Common Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education (Grant No. KM200810005004), the Scientific Research Foundation for the Youth of Beijing University of Technology (Grant No. 97007016200701), the National Research Foundation for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No. 20040013007), the National Laboratory for Modern Communications Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 9140C1101010601), and the Doctor Scientific Research Activation Foundation of Beijing University of Technology (Grant No. 52007016200702)     

30℃～420℃黑体温度控制及自整定研究

作为红外标准光源,要求30℃～420℃黑体能快速升温到设定温度点,并保持温度稳定。针对其升降温功率差别大、滞后大等特点,用开关控制冲击响应自整定方法,得到黑体温升超调量、最大升降温速率等参数,采用复合智能温控策略,实现了30℃～420℃黑体温升前期快,接近设置温度时改以渐进方式达到并稳定在设定温度点。实验结果表明,实现了30℃～420℃黑体无超调地到达设定温度点,且稳定性为±0.03℃/min,该指标达到了国际同类产品水平。     

On potential and field fluctuations in classical charged systems

Using electrostatic identities the potential and microfield in a plasma, important for determining line shapes, are expressed as limits of local quantities. These are shown to be well defined for typical configurations of macroscopic, i.e., infinite systems (under some mild clustering assumptions). Their covariance contains a slowly decaying part (¦x¦^–1, for the potential) whose coefficient is universal whenever the Stillinger-Lovett second moment condition holds. We show further that the contributions from distant regions (which are equal to suitable averages over local regions) have a Gaussian distribution.Supported in part by AFOSR Grant No. 82-0016.Supported in part by the Swiss National Foundation for Scientific Research.     

Comparison between the 3D numerical simulation and experiment of the bubble near different boundaries

Based on the potential flow theory, the vortex ring is introduced to simulate the toroidal bubble, and the boundary element method is applied to simulate the evolution of the bubble. Elastic-plasticity of structure being taken into account, the interaction between the bubble and the elastic-plastic structure is computed by combining the boundary element method (BEM) and the finite element method (FEM), and a corresponding 3D computing program is developed. This program is used to simulate the three-dimensional bubble dynamics in free field, near wall and near the elastic-plastic structure, and the numerical results are compared with the existing experimental results. The error is within 10%. The effects of different boundaries upon the bubble dynamics are presented by studying the bubble dynamics near different boundaries. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50779007), the National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China (Grant No. 50809018), the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No. 20070217074), the Defense Advanced Research Program of Science and Technology of Ship Industry (Grant No. 07J1.1.6), and Harbin Engineering University Foundation (Grant No. HEUFT07069)     

On optics of human meridians

A new concept and its methodology for studying human meridians are presented based on rigorous and scientific observation on the objective existence of human meridians in view of biomedical optics. According to this methodology, the infrared radiant characteristics of acupuncture meridians over human body and the optical transport properties of light propagating along the meridian are reported. This study, thus, confirms the existence of acupuncture meridians, sheds new light on an approach to investigation of human meridians and offers a new perspective in understanding the potential meridian functions such as energy and information transfer and physiological regulation. Supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2006CB504505), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 60578056 and 30572309), the Science Research Foundation of Ministry of Health & United Fujian Provincial Health and Education Project for Tackling the Key Research of China (Grant No. WKJ2005-2-004), the Young Scientists and Technicians Innovation Project of Fujian Province (Grant No. 2007F3026), and the Fund from Fujian Normal University (Grant No. 2008100218)