群体决策的混合偏差比规则

偏差度规则和偏比度规则是群体决策的两个基本的基数型决策方法,本文将不同决策个体给出关于各方案对的偏差度和偏比度,分别转换成具相同衡量尺度的偏差数和偏比数,据此建立了一个同时可混合使用偏差度和偏比度进行决策择优的群体决策规则.我们验证了所构建的规则满足Arrow公理系的所有五个条件,并给出了据此新规则进行群体决策的步骤.     

随机偏爱群体决策的随机Borda数法

对于具随机偏爱信息的群体决策问题，本文引入供选方案的随机Borda数和供选方案集上的随机Borda数映射概念．在讨论了随机Borda数映射满足随机偏爱公理的基础上，给出一个对所有供选方案进行群体排序的方法．     

群体决策的偏差度分析

本文引进群体决策的决策个体和决策群体关于两方案的偏差度，以及群体偏差映射的概念．在建立相应的偏差公理的基础上，研究了群体决策偏差分析的基本理论．同时，还给出一个利用偏差度进行群体排序的方法．     

一个求解多目标群体决策问题的交互规划方法

本文引进决策个体偏爱强度函数和决策群体偏爱强度函数概念,分别给出了决策个体和决策群体的偏爱排序规则.由此,借助于各决策个体提供的权衡比信息,构造了一个求解多目标群体决策问题的交互规划方法.1.引言群体决策,就是联结决策群体中各决策个体的偏爱结构,对供选方案集作出群体偏爱结构判断,进行选优或偏爱排序的过程.     

群体多目标决策联合有效解类的几何特性

群体多目标决策是群体决策和多目标决策的一个交叉研究领域,借助供选方案的有效数,文[1]引进了群体多目标决策问题的联合有效解类概念,并且建立了这些解类的K－T最优条件,本文研究这类解的几何特性,得到若干基本的必要条件一充分条件。     

一种基于证据推理的多指标多标度大群体决策方法

针对多指标多标度大群体决策问题,提出了一种基于证据推理的决策方法.首先将参与决策人针对各指标给出的方案评价信息转化为关于指标评价标度的概率分布.然后运用证据推理方法将针对不同指标的概率分布形式的群体评价信息进行集结,得到关于综合评价标度分布形式的群体综合评价信息,在此基础上计算每个方案的效用值,并据此对方案进行排序.最后,通过一个实例说明了本文提出方法的可行性和有效性.本文的方法为解决大群体决策问题提供了一种新途径.具有实际应用价值.     

多数满意偏好规则的充分必要条件

研究基于满意选择的群体决策的一个基本数学理论问题. 给出并证明了群体在方案集上的任一群体满意偏好映射是多数满意偏好规则的充分必要条件.     

考虑群体一致性的动态群体决策方法

为了求解一类包含多轮群体评价过程的动态群体决策问题，定义了个体效用波动和群体一致度的概念并分别建立了相应的计算指标，利用决策个体的效用波动指标提出了决策个体权重的修正方法，然后提出了一种基于群体一致度指标的加权算法，得到了各决策方案的群体效用评价。最后给出了计算实例。     

群体多目标决策α-联合有效映射的性质

本文首先引入群体多目标决策的α-联合有效映射,然后讨论此映射满足Arrow的有关公理, Sen的强Pareto原则和局部非独裁性条件,以及May的匿名性、中立性以及正响应性条件的情况.     

建设项目风险评价的群体决策矩阵方法

建设项目在政治、环境、经济、施工、安全等方面的风险评估的群决策过程中,各利益相关群体对于候选方案的每个属性都可以提出自己的个体决策信息,采用乘性加权集结算子构造群体决策矩阵,并判断群体决策矩阵与个体决策矩阵之间的相似度差异值,指导个体决策矩阵的修正,完成个体意见的一致化,得到最终确定评价方案的风险顺序.实例分析的结果表明,采用计算方法有利于提高多利益主体对建设项目风险评价的群决策过程中的综合满意度.     

基于可信性测度的模糊线性不等式组的确定性等价

在模糊优化决策问题中,约束条件包含模糊线性不等式组.如何把它们转化为确定性的等价形式,这在模糊控制和模糊决策中起着重要的作用.可信性测度是模糊数学实现公理化体系的一个基础.本文在可信性测度的基础上,探讨了模糊约束在一定的满意度水平之下转化为确定性的等价式,同时就三角形模糊变量给出了模糊线性不等式组的确定性等价的具体表达式.     

Two axiomatic approaches to decision making using possibility theory

This paper proposes a utility theory for decision making under uncertainty that is described by possibility theory. We show that our approach is a natural generalization of the two axiomatic systems that correspond to pessimistic and optimistic decision criteria proposed by Dubois et al. The generalization is achieved by removing axioms that are supposed to reflect attitudes toward uncertainty, namely, pessimism and optimism. In their place we adopt an axiom that imposes an order on a class of canonical lotteries that realize either in the best or in the worst prize. We prove an expected utility theorem for the generalized axiomatic system based on the newly introduced concept of binary utility.     

可能度及其在多指标区间决策中的应用

在对区间数比较的可能度进行综述的基础上提出了可能度公理,构建了多指标区间决策的综合评价模型,并运用区间数比较的可能度,给出了一种简便实用的方案排序方法.最后通过实例说明了方法的合理性和可行性.     

Basic concepts for a theory of evaluation: Hierarchical aggregation via autodistributive connectives in fuzzy set theory

The ‘aggregative operator’ introduced by Combi (1982) in his analysis of ‘basic concepts for a theory of evaluation’ in this journal is based on the axioms of associativity, continuity, and monotonicity. In this paper, an alternative approach is given where associativity is replaced by another axiom, viz. autodistributivity, implying a kind of hierarchical aggregation instead of the former horizontal one. The new set of properties yields a general class of operators for connecting fuzzy sets which are formally similar to the aggregative operators, but are purely compensative (in a strong sense). Moreover, this modified approach generalizes a recent approach based on generalized means as compensative connectives. It appears to be similar to expected utility approaches in decision making under uncertainty, and seems to be a very promising tool to handle representation problems as they grow from other fields of human decision making, e.g. of multicriteria analysis and of welfare theory.     

An axiomatization of events

Most approaches to information modelling are so-called snapshot approaches. This means that they focus on static properties of a universe of discourse only. Some approaches consider the temporal dimension of a universe of discourse. In these approaches the concept of event is central. It is used to denote, e.g., a decision or an action which takes place at a certain time point.In this paper the concept of event is analyzed within the framework of first-order predicate logic. An axiom system for discrete time points and axiom schemes for events is presented. It is shown that the axiom schemes obtained apply to a number of cases with wide applicability. Further, several remaining problems are pointed out.This work is supported by the National Swedish Board for Technical Development (STU).     

Eliciting and mapping qualitative preferences to numeric rankings in group decision making

Group work is becoming the norm in organizations. From strategy planning committees to quality management teams, organizational members are collaborating on problem solving. One area of team support that is often desired is the scoring and ranking of decision alternatives on qualitative/subjective domains, and the aggregation of individual preferences into group preferences. In this paper we present a new conceptual approach to qualitative preference elicitation and aggregation. This approach is based on well established decision analysis techniques. It significantly advances the state of the art of group decision making by addressing four common limitations: (1) the inability to deal with vagueness of human decision makers in articulating preferences; (2) difficulties in mapping qualitative evaluation to numeric estimates; (3) problems in aggregating individual preferences into meaningful group preference; and (4) the lack of simple user friendly techniques for dealing with a large number of decision alternatives. Our approach is easy to implement in stand alone personal computers and groupware. We illustrate this with a real-world problem.     

A general axiomatic system for image resolution quantification

In this paper, we generalize our previously published axiom system for quantification of image resolution and prove that any resolution measure consistent with the new axiom system must be a homogeneous symmetric function of order 1/2 of the eigenvalues of the covariance matrix of the PSF. We demonstrate that the previous axiom system is not consistent with the affine transformation axiom. We propose a weak combination axiom to replace the previous strong combination axiom and use it to solve this conflict. It is remarkable that the original finding in one-dimension by Wang and Li can be easily rediscovered with aid of the weak combination axiom, instead of using the previous strong combination axiom. If the previous axiom system is modified with the weak combination axiom and augmented with the affine transformation axiom, the resolution measure is shown to be proportional to the squared root of the geometric mean of the eigenvalues of the covariance matrix of the PSF. Relevant discussions and possible extensions are also provided.