一类具功能反应的食饵—捕食系统模型的定性分析

研究一类具功能反应的食饵—捕食系统:x=xg(x)-yφ(x),y=y(-d+eφ(x))在g(x)=a-bx~m,φ(x)=cx~θ及m=θ=1/n,n>2为正整数情形下,分析了该系统的平衡点性态,并得到了系统在正平衡点外围的极限环的不存在性,存在性与唯一性的相关条件.     

构造具有多项式方差函数的自然指数族

一、PVF-REF 的重要性本文内容属于规范指数族的结构理论。定义在样本空间(Y,B_y)上的分布族 P_θ(y),若对某σ-有限测度μ有密度函数dP_θ(y)=exp[(?)(θ)T(y)—(?)(θ)]dμ(y),则称 P_θ(y)为指数族分布,这是统计学中最重要的一类分布。我们对各指数族实行规范化:首先取(?)(θ)=(θ_1,…,θ_r)∈R_r;其次考虑 X=T(y)的分布 F_θ(x),它仍是指数族,对某σ-有限测度 v 具有密度形为 exp[θ'x-(?)(θ)];不失一般性可取 v 为 r 维分布函数 F(x),且使自然参数空间(?)R_r,具有非空内点集,这就成为具有最小维数的自然指数族。记 M={m:m=E_θx,E_θx 存在且有限,θ∈(?)}。众所周知,这种 m(θ)的定义域包含了(?)。最后,我们取 m 作为新参数代替θ,则上述自然指数族成为规范指数族(REF):     

一道三角函数题参考答案的探究

<正>近日做到这样一道题目:已知f(sinθ)=cos2θ+cosθ.(1)求y=f(cosx)解析式;(2)求(1)中函数在x∈[0,π/2]上的最大值和最小值.参考答案是:解(1)∵cosx=sin(π/2-x),∴y=f(cosx)=f[sin(π/2-x)]=cos[2(π/2-x)]+cos(π/2-x)=cos (π-2x)+sinx=-cos2+sinx=     

新题征展 (67)

A题组新编1.(1)五位渐升偶数(渐升:从高位到低位数字依次增大,以下类推)共有个,其数值从小到大排列时第10个数是.(2)五位渐降奇数有个,从小到大排列时第10个数是.(3)五位凸数(万位数<千位数<百位数>拾位数>个位数,如17987)共有个,从小到大排列时第10个数是.(4)五位凹数(如32049)共有个,从小到大排列时第10个数是.B藏题新掘2.如果m>0.x,y∈[m,+∞),m>0,且(x+x2-m2)(y+y2-m2)=m2,那么().(A)x=y(B)x>y(C)x相似文献   

最值问题的六种解法

<正>题目(2014年浙江省高中数学竞赛试题)设实数x,y满足方程(x+2)²+y2+y²=1,则y/x的最大值为.解法1令x=-2+cosθ,y=sinθ,θ∈[0,2π),y/x=k.则y/x=sinθ/-2+cosθ=k,即kcosθ-sinθ=2k,     

利用梯度概念求条件极值

本文介绍利用梯度概念求条件极值的问题.定理 设函数u=f(x,y,z)、(?)(x,y,z)及(?)(x,y,z)在点P_0(x_0,y_0,z_0)的某一邻域内均有一阶连续的偏导数,且,则函数u=f(x,y,z)在条件(?)(x,y,z)=0及(?)(x,y,z)=0下取得极值的必要条件为gradf(x_0,y_0,z_0)=λgrad(?)(x_0,y_0,z_0) μgrad(?)(x_0,y_0,z_0)(?)(x_0,y_0,z_0)=0,(?)(x_0,y_0,z_0)=0.其中λ、μ为常数.     

争鸣

问题　　问题6 7　　设实数m ,n ,x ,y满足m2+n2 =a ,x2 +y2 =b ,求mx +ny的最大值.观点1　∵mx +ny≤m2 +x22 + n2 +y22=(m2 +n2 ) + (x2 +y2 )2 =a +b2 ,∴(mx +ny) max=a +b2 .观点2　由已知,设m =acosθ,n =asinθ,θ∈[0 ,2π) ,x =bcosφ,y =bsinφ,φ∈[0 ,2π) ,则mx +ny =abcosθcosφ+absinθsinφ=abcos(θ- φ)≤ab ,当且仅当θ=φ时取等号.∴(mx +ny) max=ab .观点3　由观点2 ,得mx +ny≤ab ,又ab≤a +b2 ,∴mx +ny≤a +b2 ,当且仅当θ=φ且a =b时取等号.∴(mx +ny) max=a +b2 .到底谁对谁错,还是题目本身就有错?问题6 8　人教…     

趣味数学几例

1.今年元旦是星期日,试问今年元旦后的第1984~(1984)天是星期几。解:∵1984~(1984)=(283×7+3)~(1984) =7m+3~(1984),m∈N。而 3~6≡1(mod7),3~(1984)=3~4×3~(6×330) 3~4≡4(mod7),∴1984~(1984)≡4 (mod7)。答:今年元旦后的第1984~(1984)天是丛期四。 2.若f(x+1)=|x-1|,求f(1984)。解:令 x+1=1984,则x-1=1982, ∴ f(1984)=1982。 3.已知 f(x)=3x+1,g(x)=2x-1,h(g〔f(x)〕)=f(x)。求h(1984)。解:∵ f(y)=3y+1, ∴ g〔f(y)〕=2(3y+1)-1=6y+1, 故h(6y+1)=3y+1。令6y+1=1984,     

一个非自治二阶微分方程周期解的存在性

<正> 本文考虑非自治系统(?)=(?)(y)—f(x), (?)=-g(x)+e(t) (1)周期解的存在性.这里 e(t)是 t 的周期函数.当(?)(y)≡y,g(x)≡x 时,(1)变成(?)=y-f(x),(?)=-x+e(t).(1)′N.Levinsonc 在[1]中给出(1)′的周期解存在条件,本文推广了[1]的工作,就(?)(y)(?)y,g(x)(?)x 的情况,给出(1)的周期解存在的充分条件.定理1 设 f(x),g(x),(?)(y)连续,满足 Lipschitz 条件,且     

圆锥曲线的一个性质的证明与推广

在研究圆锥曲线与其它知识的综合问题时,我们发现抛物线的准线上任意一点与焦点弦的端点、焦点连线的斜率之间存在着一定关系,这种关系不仅可以类推到椭圆双曲线,而且还能将结论更一般化,下面将此性质加以推广和证明,希望能和读者共勉·命题1设点M(m,0)(m>0)是抛物线y2=2px(p>0)的对称轴上的一点,过点M的直线与抛物线相交于A、B点·点N是直线x=-m上任意一点,则直线NA、NM、NB的斜率成等差数列·图1证明如图1,设A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2),设直线AB的方程为:x=hy+m,由y2=2px,x=hy+m,消x得y2-2phy-2pm=0,∴y1·y2=-2pm·设点N(-m,n),则直线NA的斜率为kNA=xy11+-mn,直线NB的斜率为kNB=xy22+-mn·∴kNA+kNB=yy121-n2p+m+y2-ny222p+m=2yp12(y+12-pmn)+2py(22y+22-pmn)=2p(y1-ny12-y1y2+y22y2--y1ny2)=2p·y2(y1y-1yn2)(y-1y-1(y2y)2-n)=2p·y1ny(2(y1y1--y2y)2)=2p·y1ny2=2p·-2npm...     

Bifurcation of limit cycles from the global center of a class of integrable non-Hamilton systems

In this paper, we consider the bifurcation of limit cycles for system $\dot{x}=-y(x^2+a^2)^m,~\dot{y}=x(x^2+a^2)^m$ under perturbations of polynomials with degree n, where $a\neq0$, $m\in \mathbb{N}$. By using the averaging method of first order, we bound the number of limit cycles that can bifurcate from periodic orbits of the center of the unperturbed system. Particularly, if $m=2, n=5$, the sharp bound is 5.     

关于一类中心循环的有限P-群的自同构群

确定了一类中心循环的有限p-群G的自同构群.设G=X_3(p~m)~(*n)*Z_(p~(m+r)),其中m≥1,n≥1和r≥0,并且X_3(p~m)=x,y|x~(p~m)=y~(p~m)=1,[x,y]~(p~m)=1,[x,[x,y]]=[y,[x,y]]=1.Aut_nG表示Aut G中平凡地作用在N上的元素形成的正规子群,其中G'≤N≤ζG,|N|=p~(m+s),0≤s≤r,则(i)如果p是一个奇素数,那么AutG/Aut_nG≌Z_(p~((m+s-1)(p-1))),Aut_nG/InnG≌Sp(2n,Z_(p~m))×Z_(p~(r-s)).(ii)如果p=2,那么AutG/Aut_nG≌H,其中H=1(当m+s=1时)或者Z_(2~(m+s-2))×Z_2(当m+s≥2时).进一步地,Aut_nG/InnG≌K×L,其中K=Sp(2n,Z_(2~m))(当r0时)或者O(2n,Z_(2~m))(当r=0时),L=Z_(2~(r-1))×Z_2(当m=1,s=0,r≥1时)或者Z_(2~(r-s)).     

Chebyshev Spectral Methods and the Lane-Emden Problem

The three-dimensional spherical polytropic Lane-Emden problem is $y_{rr}+(2/r) y_{r} + y^{m}=0, y(0)=1, y_{r}(0)=0$ where $m \in [0, 5]$ is a constant parameter. The domain is $r \in [0, \xi]$ where $\xi$ is the first root of $y(r)$. We recast this as a nonlinear eigenproblem, with three boundary conditions and $\xi$ as the eigenvalue allowing imposition of the extra boundary condition, by making the change of coordinate $x \equiv r/\xi$: $y_{xx}+(2/x) y_{x}+ \xi^{2} y^{m}=0, y(0)=1, y_{x}(0)=0,$ $y(1)=0$. We find that a Newton-Kantorovich iteration always converges from an $m$-independent starting point $y^{(0)}(x)=\cos([\pi/2] x), \xi^{(0)}=3$. We apply a Chebyshev pseudospectral method to discretize $x$. The Lane-Emden equation has branch point singularities at the endpoint $x=1$ whenever $m$ is not an integer; we show that the Chebyshev coefficients are $a_{n} \sim constant/n^{2m+5}$ as $n \rightarrow \infty$. However, a Chebyshev truncation of $N=100$ always gives at least ten decimal places of accuracy — much more accuracy when $m$ is an integer. The numerical algorithm is so simple that the complete code (in Maple) is given as a one page table.     

On Global Asymptotic Stability of Second Order Nonlinear Differential Systems

This paper investigates the global asymptotic stability of the autonomous planar systems $ \dot {x} = p_2(y)q_2(x)y $ , $ \dot {y} = p_3(y)q_3(x)x + p_3(y)q_4(x)y $ and $ \dot {x} = f_1(x) + h_2(x)y $ , $ \dot {y} = f_3(x) + h_4(x)y $ , under the assumption that all functions involved in the equations are continuous and that the origin is a unique equilibrium. We present necessary and sufficient conditions for the origin to be globally asymptotically stable.     

Optimal Transportation for Generalized Lagrangian

This paper deals with the optimal transportation for generalized Lagrangian L = L(x, u, t), and considers the following cost function: c(x, y) = inf x(0)=x x(1)=y u∈U∫_0~1 L(x(s), u(x(s), s), s)ds, where U is a control set, and x satisfies the ordinary equation x(s) = f(x(s), u(x(s), s)).It is proved that under the condition that the initial measure μ0 is absolutely continuous w.r.t. the Lebesgue measure, the Monge problem has a solution, and the optimal transport map just walks along the characteristic curves of the corresponding Hamilton-Jacobi equation:V_t(t, x) + sup u∈UV_x(t, x), f(x, u(x(t), t), t)-L(x(t), u(x(t), t), t) = 0,V(0, x) = Φ0(x).     

LIMIT CYCLES OF THE GENERALIZED POLYNOMIAL LINARD DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEMS

Using the averaging theory of first and second order we study the maximum number of limit cycles of generalized Linard differential systems{x = y + εh_l~1(x) + ε~2h_l~2(x),y=-x- ε(f_n~1(x)y~(2p+1) + g_m~1(x)) + ∈~2(f_n~2(x)y~(2p+1) + g_m~2(x)),which bifurcate from the periodic orbits of the linear center x = y,y=-x,where ε is a small parameter.The polynomials h_l~1 and h_l~2 have degree l;f_n~1and f_n~2 have degree n;and g_m~1,g_m~2 have degree m.p ∈ N and[·]denotes the integer part function.     

Limit Boundary Value Problems of a class of Nonlinear Differential Equations of the Second order

In this paper, the existence and uniqueness of solution of the limit boundary value problem $\[\ddot x = f(t,x)g(\dot x)\]$(F) $\[a\dot x(0) + bx(0) = c\]$(A) $\[x( + \infty ) = 0\]$(B) is considered, where $\[f(t,x),g(\dot x)\]$ are continuous functions on $\[\{ t \ge 0, - \infty < x,\dot x < + \infty \} \]$ such that the uniqueness of solution together with thier continuous dependence on initial value are ensured, and assume: 1)$\[f(t,0) \equiv 0,f(t,x)/x > 0(x \ne 0);\]$; 2) f(t,x)/x is nondecreasing in x>0 for fixed t and non-increasing in x<0 for fixed t, 3)$\[g(\dot x) > 0\]$, In theorem 1, farther assume: 4) $\[\int\limits_0^{ \pm \infty } {dy/g(y) = \pm \infty } \]$ Condition (A) may be discussed in the following three cases $x(0)=p(p \neq 0)$(A_1) $\[x(0) = q(q \ne 0)\]$(A_2) $\[x(0) = kx(0) + r{\rm{ }}(k > 0,r \ne 0)\]$(A_3) The notation $\[f(t,x) \in {I_\infty }\]$ will refer to the function f(t,x) satisfying $\[\int_0^{ + \infty } {\alpha tf(t,\alpha )dt = + \infty } \]$ for each $\alpha \neq 0$, Theorem. 1. For each $p \neq 0$, the boundary value problem (F), (A_1), (B) has a solution if and only if $f(t,x) \in I_{\infty}$ Theorem 2. For each$q \neq 0$, the boundary value problem (F), (A_2), (B) has a solution if and only if $f(t, x) \in I_{\infty}$. Theorem 3. For each k>0 and $r \neq 0$, the boundary value problem (F), (A_3), (B) has a solution if and only if f(t, x) \in I_{\infty}, Theorem 4. The boundary value problem (F), (A_j), (B) has at most one solution for j=l, 2, 3. .     

On the limit cycles for a class of generalized Kukles differential systems

In this paper, we consider the limit cycles of a class of polynomial differential systems of the form $\dot{x}=-y, \hspace{0.2cm} \dot{y}=x-f(x)-g(x)y-h(x)y^{2}-l(x)y^{3},$ where $f(x)=\epsilon f_{1}(x)+\epsilon^{2}f_{2}(x),$ $g(x)=\epsilon g_{1}(x)+\epsilon^{2}g_{2}(x),$ $h(x)=\epsilon h_{1}(x)+\epsilon^{2}h_{2}(x)$ and $l(x)=\epsilon l_{1}(x)+\epsilon^{2}l_{2}(x)$ where $f_{k}(x),$ $g_{k}(x),$ $h_{k}(x)$ and $l_{k}(x)$ have degree $n_{1},$ $n_{2},$ $n_{3}$ and $n_{4},$ respectively for each $k=1,2,$ and $\varepsilon$ is a small parameter. We obtain the maximum number of limit cycles that bifurcate from the periodic orbits of the linear center $\dot{x}=-y,$ $\dot{y}=x$ using the averaging theory of first and second order.     

Complete Hyper-elliptic Integrals of the First Kind and the Chebyshev Property

This paper is devoted to study the following complete hyper-elliptic integral of the first kind $$J(h)=\oint\limits_{\Gamma_h}\frac{\alpha_0+\alpha_1x+\alpha_2x^2+\alpha_3x^3}{y}dx,$$ where $\alpha_i\in\mathbb{R}$, $\Gamma_h$ is an oval contained in the level set $\{H(x,y)=h, h\in(-\frac{5}{36},0)\}$ and $H(x,y)=\frac{1}{2}y^2-\frac{1}{4}x^4+\frac{1}{9}x^9$. We show that the 3-dimensional real vector spaces of these integrals are Chebyshev for $\alpha_0=0$ and Chebyshev with accuracy one for $\alpha_i=0\ (i=1,2,3)$.     

Hopf Bifurcation and new singular orbits coined in a Lorenz-like system

We seize some new dynamics of a Lorenz-like system: $\dot{x} = a(y - x)$, \quad $\dot{y} = dy - xz$, \quad $\dot{z} = - bz + fx^{2} + gxy$, such as for the Hopf bifurcation, the behavior of non-isolated equilibria, the existence of singularly degenerate heteroclinic cycles and homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits. In particular, our new discovery is that the system has also two heteroclinic orbits for $bg = 2a(f + g)$ and $a > d > 0$ other than known $bg > 2a(f + g)$ and $a > d > 0$, whose proof is completely different from known case. All the theoretical results obtained are also verified by numerical simulations.