PT-对称算子的表示及非正交量子态的区分

经典量子系统中的哈密尔顿为自伴算子，这不仅保证了系统能量本征值全部为实数，而且相应的本征态（单位长度的特征向量）构成了状态空间的一组正规正交基.然而存在一类PT-对称的物理系统，哈密尔顿的自伴性（共轭转置）被物理的PT-对称性所代替.一个完整的PT-对称哈密尔顿，其谱全部为实数且能构造一个合理的CPT-内积.本文研究一类PT-对称算子.固定时间反演算子T，得到宇称算子P的矩阵表示，进而给出每一组PT-对称哈密尔顿的具体表示形式.作为应用，选择一组确定的{P，T}算子，及PT-对称的哈密尔顿，给出两个在传统量子力学中不正交的量子态区分的刻画.     

缺项算子矩阵的二阶代数(Ⅰ)

对于任意给定的二阶多项式ｐ（ｔ）;本文获得希尔伯特空间上形如（?）的缺项算子矩阵具有一个补Ｔ使得ｐ（Ｔ）＝０成立的充分必要条件以及使得ｐ（Ｔ）＝０且ｐ（Ｔ）的范数不大于事先给定常数的充分必要条件．进而还求出所有可能的二阶代数补,特别地,对有限维情形给出简洁的表示。     

二次曲线与其任意两条切线所围面积为定常值的问题研究

本文得到了二次曲线的任意两条相交切线与曲线本身围成的面积如果为定常值，则切线交点的轨迹仍为同类型二次曲线．又若给定两条同类的二次曲线，由其中一条上的每一点向另一条引出两条切线，则这两条切线与另一条曲线围成的面积为定常值．     

ON THE SPECTRAL RADIUS OF IRREDUCIBLE AND WEAKLY IRREDUCIBLE OPERATORS IN BANACH LATPICES

Abstract

If T is an operator on a Banach lattice E we call T weakly irreducible if E contains no non-trivial T-invariant bands. We prove that if E is order complete and if the weakly irreducible operator T > 0 is in (E′_oo ? E)^⊥⊥ then T has positive spectral radéus. Prom this follows that Jentesch's theorem holds in arbitrary Banach function spaces.

If [Ttilde] denotes the restriction of T′ to E′_oo, 0 ? T an order continuous operator, then T is weakly irreducible if and only if [Ttilde]: E′_oo→E′_oo is weakly irreducible.

Finally we show that the majorizing, irreducible operator T ≥ 0, has positive spectral radius if either Tⁿ is weakly compact or E has property (P) or T is strongly majorizing.     

Bregman distances and Chebyshev sets

A closed set of a Euclidean space is said to be Chebyshev if every point in the space has one and only one closest point in the set. Although the situation is not settled in infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces, in 1932 Bunt showed that in Euclidean spaces a closed set is Chebyshev if and only if the set is convex. In this paper, from the more general perspective of Bregman distances, we show that if every point in the space has a unique nearest point in a closed set, then the set is convex. We provide two approaches: one is by nonsmooth analysis; the other by maximal monotone operator theory. Subdifferentiability properties of Bregman nearest distance functions are also given.     

The emergence of time

Classically, one could imagine a completely static space, thus without time. As is known, this picture is unconceivable in quantum physics due to vacuum fluctuations. The fundamental difference between the two frameworks is that classical physics is commutative (simultaneous observables) while quantum physics is intrinsically noncommutative (Heisenberg uncertainty relations). In this sense, we may say that time is generated by noncommutativity; if this statement is correct, we should be able to derive time out of a noncommutative space. We know that a von Neumann algebra is a noncommutative space. About 50 years ago the Tomita–Takesaki modular theory revealed an intrinsic evolution associated with any given (faithful, normal) state of a von Neumann algebra, so a noncommutative space is intrinsically dynamical. This evolution is characterised by the Kubo–Martin–Schwinger thermal equilibrium condition in quantum statistical mechanics (Haag, Hugenholtz, Winnink), thus modular time is related to temperature. Indeed, positivity of temperature fixes a quantum-thermodynamical arrow of time. We shall sketch some aspects of our recent work extending the modular evolution to a quantum operation (completely positive map) level and how this gives a mathematically rigorous understanding of entropy bounds in physics and information theory. A key point is the relation with Jones’ index of subfactors. In the last part, we outline further recent entropy computations in relativistic quantum field theory models by operator algebraic methods, that can be read also within classical information theory. The information contained in a classical wave packet is defined by the modular theory of standard subspaces and related to the quantum null energy inequality.     

Reductive group actions on affine quadrics with 1-dimensional quotient: Linearization when a linear model exists

We study reductive group actions on complex affine quadrics. Such an action is called linearizable if it is equivalent to the restriction of a linear orthogonal action in the ambient affine space of the quadric. A linear model for a given action is a linear orthogonal action with the same orbit types and equivalent slice representations. We prove that if a reductive group action on an affine quadric with a 1-dimensional quotient has a linear model, then the action is linearizable. As a consequence, the action is linearizable if certain topological conditions are satisfied.     

Dirichlet and neumann spectrum

It is well known that the critical points of the Rayleigh quotient for the Dirichlet form relative to the square integral norm are eigenfunctions of the Laplace operator with Neumann boundary conditions and eigenvalue equal to the critical value. Clearly then, if we fix a critical point and consider the corresponding value and restrict the Rayleigh quotient to the space of eigenfunctions of the Laplace operator with that given eigenvalue, then the critical point remains a critical point of the restriction. In this paper we answer the converse question. We show that if a given number occurs as a critical value on the subspace of eigenfunctions with that same number as eigenvalue, then either it is a critical value for the quotient on the entire space or it is a critical value on the subspace of all functions satisfying Dirichlet boundary conditions. Moreover, a precise relation holds between the corresponding critical points. A similar relation holds for any elliptic operator in divergence form. The relation stems from a lattice identity induced by a certain indefinite quadratic form, involving certain subspaces. This theory has been successfully applied to calculating the cuspidal spectrum in a certain range for the Laplace-Beltrami operator for certain finite volume hyperbolic surfaces, addressing a conjecture of Roelcke and Selberg, and recent conjectures of Sarnak; see [1]. The numerical method used can be applied quite generally, typically to equations related to underlying symmetries where decompositions of the group give rise to lots of formal solutions.     

Stability of hypersurface sections of quadric threefolds

Let S be a complete intersection of a smooth quadric 3-fold Q and a hypersurface of degree d in P4.We analyze GIT stability of S with respect to the natural G=SO(5,C)-action.We prove that if d 4 and S has at worst semi-log canonical singularities then S is G-stable.Also,we prove that if d 3 and S has at worst semi-log canonical singularities then S is G-semistable.     

Compact adjoint operators and approximation properties

This paper is concerned with the space of all compact adjoint operators from dual spaces of Banach spaces into dual spaces of Banach spaces and approximation properties. For some topology on the space of all bounded linear operators from separable dual spaces of Banach spaces into dual spaces of Banach spaces, it is shown that if a bounded linear operator is approximated by a net of compact adjoint operators, then the operator can be approximated by a sequence of compact adjoint operators whose operator norms are less than or equal to the operator norm of the operator. Also we obtain applications of the theory and, in particular, apply the theory to approximation properties.     

A continuity theorem for Stinespring's dilation

We show a continuity theorem for Stinespring's dilation: two completely positive maps between arbitrary C^∗-algebras are close in cb-norm if and only if we can find corresponding dilations that are close in operator norm. The proof establishes the equivalence of the cb-norm distance and the Bures distance for completely positive maps. We briefly discuss applications to quantum information theory.     

FM Space Depend on Operator T and the Normal Solvability of Operator Polynomial P（T）

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Extreme bosonic linear channels

The set of all channels with a fixed input and output is convex. We first give a convenient formulation of the necessary and sufficient condition for a channel to be an extreme point of this set in terms of the complementary channel, a notion of great importance in quantum information theory. This formulation is based on the general approach to extremality of completely positive maps in an operator algebra in the spirit of Arveson. We then use this formulation to prove our main result: under certain nondegeneracy conditions, environmental purity is necessary and sufficient for the extremality of a bosonic linear (quasifree) channel. It hence follows that a Gaussian channel between finite-mode bosonic systems is extreme if and only if it has minimum noise.     

Constructing all self-adjoint matrices with prescribed spectrum and diagonal

The Schur–Horn Theorem states that there exists a self-adjoint matrix with a given spectrum and diagonal if and only if the spectrum majorizes the diagonal. Though the original proof of this result was nonconstructive, several constructive proofs have subsequently been found. Most of these constructive proofs rely on Givens rotations, and none have been shown to be able to produce every example of such a matrix. We introduce a new construction method that is able to do so. This method is based on recent advances in finite frame theory which show how to construct frames whose frame operator has a given prescribed spectrum and whose vectors have given prescribed lengths. This frame construction requires one to find a sequence of eigensteps, that is, a sequence of interlacing spectra that satisfy certain trace considerations. In this paper, we show how to explicitly construct every such sequence of eigensteps. Here, the key idea is to visualize eigenstep construction as iteratively building a staircase. This visualization leads to an algorithm, dubbed Top Kill, which produces a valid sequence of eigensteps whenever it is possible to do so. We then build on Top Kill to explicitly parametrize the set of all valid eigensteps. This yields an explicit method for constructing all self-adjoint matrices with a given spectrum and diagonal, and moreover all frames whose frame operator has a given spectrum and whose elements have given lengths.     

关于线性算子的右有界拟线性内逆

对于从线性空间到赋范线性空间的线性算子T引入右有界拟线性内逆的概念.在算子值域的闭包R(T)为切比雪夫子空间的条件下,给出右度量内逆的表示.证得:如果算子的值域R(T)非闭且闭包R(T)为切比雪夫的,则必存在不同的右有界拟线性内逆.     

代数κ-拟-A类算子的Weyl定理

若T或T~*是无穷维可分的Hilbert空间H上的代数κ-拟-A类算子,则Weyl定理对任意的f∈H(σ(T))成立,其中H(σ(T))为σ(T)的开邻域上解析函数的全体.若T~*是代数κ-拟-A类算子,则a-Weyl定理对f(T)成立。还证明了若T或T~*是代数κ-拟-A类算子,则Weyl谱与本质近似点谱的谱映射定理对f(T)成立.     

A description of Kac-systems of multiplicative unitary operators

Let V be a multiplicative unitary operator on a separable Hilbert spaceH, then there are two subalgebras ofB( H) denoted byA( V) and ?( V), respectively, which correspond to V. If V satisfiesV ² =I, then we will obtain the necessary and sufficient condition of Baaj and Skandalis’ main theorem, i.e.V has a Kac-system if and only if the linear closed space of the product of the above two algebras is the compact operator space; with this condition the above algebras are also quantum groups.     

ISOLATED POINTS OF THE APPROXIMATE POINT SPECTRUM OF CERTAIN LATTICE HOMOMORPHISMS ON Co (X)

Abstract

Suppose X is a locally compact Hausdorff space and C (X) the apace of all continuous complex valued functions on X which vanish at infinity. Let T be a (complex) linear lattice homomorphism on C_o (X) whose adjoint is also a lattice homomorphism. It is sham that every non-zero isolated point of the approximate point spectrum of T lies in the point spectrum of T. An example is given to show that the exclusion of zero is necessary, even when X is compact. The same techniques are then used to show that if also the spectrum of T is finite then T can be written, in a natural manner, as a direct sum of two such lattice homomorphisms; one being an n'th root of an invertible multiplication operator and the other quasi-nilpotent.     

二次曲面和平面位置关系的判式

在解析几何中有二次曲线与直线位置关系的讨论、二次曲面与直线位置关系的讨论,而二次曲面与平面相关位置关系的探讨较少.本文给出二次曲面a11x2+a22y2+a33z2+2a12xy+2a13xz+2a23yz+2a14x+2a24y+2a34z+a44=0(1)和平面Ax+By+Cz+D=0(2)的相对位置的判别式Δ=a11a12a13a14Aa21a22a23a24Ba31a32a33a34Ca41a42a43a44DA B C D0(aij=aji).(3)并证明了:若Δ>0,则二次曲面(1)与平面(2)相交;若Δ=0,则(1)和(2)相切;若Δ<0,则(1)和(2)相离.