社会责任情境资金约束生产商的供应链融资

考虑社会责任情境下,资金短缺的生产商和零售商之间进行Stackelberg博弈,建立无资金约束、提前支付和银行贷款三种供应链融资模型,分析社会责任因子和初始资金如何影响供应链成员的最优决策和利润,以及生产商选择何种融资方式.结果表明:一旦生产商有资金约束时,其社会责任水平会降低.当供应链外部融资(银行)利率大于提前支付折扣时,生产商选择银行贷款融资策略,社会责任因子超过临界值后,生产商选择提前支付融资策略;当供应链外部融资(银行)利率小于提前支付折扣时,生产商先选择提前支付融资策略,社会责任因子超过临界值后,生产商选择银行贷款融资策略.此研究可为履行社会责任的企业提供融资参考及借鉴意义.     

带有模糊约束的房地产投资随机期望值模型

基于可信性理论,提出一类新的带有模糊约束的房地产投资随机期望值模型来处理房地产经济中的不确定性信息.另一方面,通过目标函数和可信性函数的一些性质将提出的房地产投资问题转化为一个等价的线性形式,从而可以利用经典的线性规划算法进行求解.最后,给出一个房地产投资问题的实例并通过Lindo软件进行求解.     

求解随机二阶锥互补问题的期望值模型及其近似问题的收敛性分析

利用二阶锥互补函数φ_(NR)给出求解随机二阶锥互补问题的确定期望值(EV)模型.由于该模型的目标函数非光滑,利用光滑化方法给出该模型的光滑化近似问题.当期望值可以求得时,考虑了光滑近似问题的收敛性结果.当期望值不易求得时,利用样本均值近似方法给出光滑化样本均值近似问题,并考虑了当光滑参数不变的情况下,光滑化样本均值近似问题的收敛性结果.     

流行病灭绝时间和费用估计随机模型

本文用具有吸收状态的生灭马氏过程建立了流行病随机模型,研究了灭绝之前生灭过程的分布,发现初始分布是拟平稳分布时,其灭绝时间服从指数分布,并得到了灭绝时间与状态概率的关系式和费用估计的期望值.应用模型给出了一个固定人口为N的流行病灭绝时间和平均费用的数值模拟结果.     

资金约束条件下订单农业供应链的融资定价问题研究

在农产品产出不确定以及零售市场价格受随机产出率影响的条件下,研究了由一个风险中性型公司和一个风险规避型农户组成的订单农业供应链受农户资金约束时的融资与定价问题.研究结果表明,农户在受资金约束条件下存在融资的必要,农户向银行融资后其期望收益明显得到提高.研究还表明农户向银行融资后,公司和农户的最佳决策以及最大收益与银行贷款利率密切相关.为具体实践中在资金约束条件下订单农业供应链的融资与定价决策提供了一些参考依据.     

随机环境下资金预算问题的机会约束整数规划模型

本文基于最新的机会约束规划理论,提出了两类随机环境下资金预算问题的整数规划模型,并且设计了一种基于随机模拟的遗传算法来计算给出的模型．为了例证算法的有效性,本文给出了两类模型的数值例子,并且对其中一个例子给出了不同的参数,测试遗传算法的有效性,数值例子及测试结果均显示,本文所设计的基于随机模拟的遗传算法对于解决本文提出的两类模型是有效的．     

模糊环境下资金预算的期望净现值模型

资金预算问题是指对一项投资机会是否应该付诸实施进行判断.净现值方法(NPV)一直是现代资本预算方法的传统核心内容.将传统的净现值方法扩展到模糊环境下,讨论了当现金流入和现金流出为模糊变量情况下,如何选择最优的项目.建立了模糊环境下的均值NPV模型,并设计了基于模糊模拟的遗传算法,给出了模型问题的一般解决方法.     

资金约束下基于CVaR的供应链协调性研究与融资策略选择

在零售商的资金约束下,供应商愿意提供贸易信用融资或者信用担保下的银行贷款。在考虑双方均为风险规避型的情况下采用CVaR风险度量方法建立了双方以及供应链的风险收益值模型,给出了两种融资模式下的供应链协调条件,最优订货量以及批发价格,并且研究了银行贷款利率对供应链协调以及供应商融资方式选择的影响。结果表明实现供应链协调的条件取决于生产成本、银行利率以及双方的风险规避程度,不同的银行利率会导致实现供应链协调的条件不同,供应商将根据双方风险规避程度选择提供给零售商的融资方式。     

中国资金流动网络系统研究

本文根据中国资金流动的特点,建立中国资金流动网络系统模型D,并通过网络D的对应矩阵和最大流的研究,给出网络D的应用和“核系统D*”。     

Heston随机波动率模型下的动态投资组合

应用随机最优控制方法对Heston随机波动率模型下的动态投资组合问题进行了研究,得到了幂效用和指数效用下最优投资策略的显示解,并给出一些数值计算结果分析了市场参数对最优投资策略的影响.     

Chance-constrained programming models for capital budgeting with NPV as fuzzy parameters

In an uncertain economic environment, experts’ knowledge about outlays and cash inflows of available projects consists of much vagueness instead of randomness. Investment outlays and annual net cash flows of a project are usually predicted by using experts’ knowledge. Fuzzy variables can overcome the difficulties in predicting these parameters. In this paper, capital budgeting problem with fuzzy investment outlays and fuzzy annual net cash flows is studied based on credibility measure. Net present value (NPV) method is employed, and two fuzzy chance-constrained programming models for capital budgeting problem are provided. A fuzzy simulation-based genetic algorithm is provided for solving the proposed model problems. Two numerical examples are also presented to illustrate the modelling idea and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

持股策略下随机需求低碳供应链融资决策均衡

随机市场需求且受制造商减排水平影响,考虑碳限额与交易机制,研究制造商进行单纯银行借贷和供应商投资持股的组合融资时的最优决策和利润情况,分析消费者低碳偏好、碳交易价格和供应商的投资持股比例对供应链的最优决策变量和利润的影响。研究发现:无资金约束、单纯银行借贷和组合融资下,消费者低碳偏好、碳交易价格和持股比例与制造商的减排水平和利润以及供应链系统的利润正相关,而供应商的批发价格和制造商的生产量与消费者低碳偏好正相关,与碳交易价格负相关,而持股比例与供应商的批发价格负相关,与制造商的生产量和减排水平正相关;持股策略下制造商的减排水平和生产量最大,无资金约束时次之,单纯银行借贷时最小;而无资金约束时供应商的批发价格最高,单纯银行借贷时次之,持股策略时最低;在持股比例满足一定条件下,供应商和制造商的利润优于单纯银行借贷时的利润,并且可以优于无资金约束时的利润,提高了供应链的竞争力和效率。     

基于供应链金融的供应商链式融资策略研究

供应链中由于核心企业延期付款而给上游供应商带来资金压力,供应商、核心企业以及银行组成供应商链式融资系统以缓解供应商资金压力。针对供应商初始资金以及银行给定信用期的不同情况,分别建立了供应商不贷款、贷款且在信用期内收回所有货款以及贷款但在信用期内未收回所有货款三种情形下的数学模型。通过分析得到了核心企业的最优订货策略和供应商的最优生产策略。研究表明供应商链式融资在一定程度上可以达到供应商、核心企业、银行三方共赢的效果:缓解供应商、核心企业资金压力并增加其利润,降低银行贷款风险扩大其贷款业务。     

A mean-risk index model for uncertain capital budgeting

This paper discusses the capital budgeting problem of projects using annual cash inflows, cash outflows and initial investment outlays given by experts’ evaluations when no historical data are available. Uncertain variables are used to describe the projects’ parameters. A profit risk index and a capital risk index are proposed, and a mean-risk index model is developed for optimal project selection. In addition, the deterministic forms of the model are given and a solution algorithm is provided. For the sake of illustration, a numerical example is also presented. The results of the example show that both profit risk index and capital risk index are important in investment risk control. However, when the profit risk control requirement is strong, the selected project portfolio may be insensitive to the capital risk constraint; when the profit risk control requirement is moderate, the capital risk constraint plays an important role. The results also show the tendency that when either the tolerable profit risk level or the tolerable capital risk level becomes higher, the obtained expected net present value of the project portfolio becomes larger, which is in agreement with the investment rule that the higher the risk, the higher the return.     

An optimal investment strategy in bank management

This paper considers the application of stochastic optimization theory to asset and capital adequacy management in banking. The Basel II Capital Accord lays down regulations to control bank behaviour, and relies on regulatory ratios such as the capital adequacy ratio (CAR). In an attempt to address the problem of compliance to minimum CAR and under assumptions about retained earnings, loan‐loss reserves, the market and shareholder‐bank owner relationships, we construct a continuous‐time model of the Basel II CAR which is computed from the total risk‐weighted assets (TRWAs) and bank capital in a stochastic setting. In particular, we derive an optimal equity allocation strategy for the bank and monitor the performance of the Basel II CAR under the allocation strategy. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Capital budgeting and optimal timing of investments in flexible manufacturing systems

This paper investigates the financial-economic decision process for investments in flexible manufacturing systems (FMS). Contrary to popular belief, we show that conventional capital budgeting techniques can be used to make such investment decisions. First, we identify theoverall impact of installing an FMS and present guidelines for a cash flow forecasting model. We then present ways in which to incorporate uncertainty in these cash flows within a risk-adjusted discount rate. These expected cash flows and the discount rate are used in calculating the net present value (NPV). Once the capital budgeting analysis is completed, a critical issue facing the firm is the optimal timing of the installation. We reinterpret the general results on optimal timing of investments within the special context of an FMS project. Finally, we illustrate the above technique via a stylized example.     

Precautionary measures for credit risk management in jump models

Sustaining efficiency and stability by properly controlling the equity to asset ratio is one of the most important and difficult challenges in bank management. Due to unexpected and abrupt decline of asset values, a bank must closely monitor its net worth as well as market conditions, and one of its important concerns is when to raise more capital so as not to violate capital adequacy requirements. In this paper, we model the trade-off between avoiding costs of delay and premature capital raising, and solve the corresponding optimal stopping problem. In order to model defaults in a bank's loan/credit business portfolios, we represent its net worth by Lévy processes, and solve explicitly for the double exponential jump-diffusion process and for a general spectrally negative Lévy process.     

An Organizational Model of Integrated Budgeting for Short-Run Operations and Long-Run Investments

In managerial finance, the short run usually refers to multiperiod models which involve operating plans and cash flow analysis. Long-run models are for capital investment or capital budgeting. Their essential link is the emphasis on cash flow and budgets. This relation is explored with an integrated model and its decompositions by budgets. The decomposition yields subunit models for the short run and long run which are related to earlier models, but yields insight into the organizational use of budgets for coordination and control. To obtain relative efficiency measures on two alternatives organizational budgeting mechanisms, a simulation was performed and analyzed.     

监管对现代商业银行决策的影响

利用引入流动风险的Montin-Klein 模型,分析当央行对存款保险及存贷款利率实行监管时,商业银行追求利润最大化的决策.当央行对存款保险进行监管时,存贷款利率随保险金上限增加而增加;当对存贷款利率实行监管时,商业银行根据不同的实际情况做出最优决策,惩罚利率及拆借利率都对其策略产生影响.由于发展中国家（包括中国）商业银行的管理成本过大及其他因素的影响,使得央行的监管往往达不到预期目的,商业银行也实施不了其最优策略,商业银行还必须作许多内部调整以适应国际大环境.这些分析给中国金融制度改革过程中央行对实行有效监管提供了一些理论依据.