A元不变量及其复合

在一个变换群下有许多的变换不变量,同时也有任意元的不变量或称为A元不变量,本文提出基于A元不变量,使所有的A元不变量都可以则基本A元不变量复合而成,证明A元基本不变量是存在的;给同一个充分必要条件,用于判定不变量的基本性,还对欧氏空间中各种常见变换群下的基本不变量进行稳定。     

用不确定德尔菲法预测GDP

德尔菲法是一种建立在专家意见基础上的预测评估方法.不确定统计是利用不确定理论收集和整理分析专家数据的一种统计方法,其中关键的一点是如何构造不确定变量的不确定分布.把德尔菲法和不确定统计相结合,就得到了一种估计不确定分布的新方法——不确定德尔菲法.对该方法的估计误差进行了改进,得到了一种预测GDP的新方法,并利用其预测邯郸市的生产总值(GDP).     

Hlder不等式和Minkowski不等式的推广

本文利用变分方法对多个变元的不含变元导数的Holder不等式和Minkowski不等式进行了推广．此种方法的主要意义不在于证明传统的不等式，而在于发现新的不等式．     

控制系统不变压的几点注记

本文在一些合理的假设下给出了能控不变集不变压的计算公式.该公式表明能控不变集的不变压等于其可允许加权矩阵谱半径的对数.此外,本文引入了三种测度版本的不变压,并得到了Bowen测度不变压的一个逆变分原理.     

关于几个新不等式

本文利用Redheffer不等式,Jordan不等式和Jensen不等式给出了一些新的不等式作为应用推广了文[1]的一个结果。     

Schur不等式和Hoelder不等式及其应用

Schur不等式和Hoelder不等式是两个重要的不等式，本讲我们介绍Schur不等式和Hoelder不等式及其应用．     

哈代不等式的一个注记

利用H■lder不等式证明Hardy不等式在p<0时成立,并给出Hardy不等式的应用.     

反向Dresher不等式

配合使用Houlder不等式和Minkowski不等式,得到了反向Dresher不等式。     

不相关且不独立二维离散型随机向量的构造方法

给出了构造不相关且不独立二维离散型随机向量的原理,并且提供了相应的方法.使用它们可以使教师在讲述不相关与独立概念时举证既方便又丰富.本文提供的参考程序可以使构造过程自动化.     

Hlder不等式和Minkowski不等式的推广

本文利用变分方法对多个变元的不含变元导数的H■lder不等式和Minkowski不等式进行了推广．此种方法的主要意义不在于证明传统的不等式,而在于发现新的不等式．     

Formulation of linear problems and solution by a universal machine

Using the predicate language for ordered fields a class of problems referred to aslinear problems is defined. This class contains, for example, all systems of linear equations and inequalities, all linear programming problems, all integer programming problems with bounded variables, all linear complementarity problems, the testing of whether sets that are defined by linear inequalities are semilattices, all satisfiability problems in sentenial logic, the rank-computation of matrices, the computation of row-reduced echelon forms of matrices, and all quadratic programming problems with bounded variables. A single, one, algorithm, to which we refer as theUniversal Linear Machine, is described. It solves any instance of any linear problem. The Universal Linear Machine runs in two phases. Given a linear problem, in the first phase a Compiler running on a Turing Machine generates alinear algorithm for the problem. Then, given an instance of the linear problem, in the second phase the linear algorithm solves the particular instance of the linear problem. The linear algorithm is finite, deterministic, loopless and executes only the five ordered field operations — additions, multiplications, subtractions, divisions and comparisons. Conversely, we show that for each linear algorithm there is a linear problem which the linear algorithm solves uniquely. Finally, it is shown that with a linear algorithm for a linear problem, one can solve certain parametric instances of the linear problem.Research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation Grant DMS 92-07409, by the Department of Energy Grant DE-FG03-87-ER-25028, by the United States—Israel Binational Science Foundation Grant 90-00434 and by ONR Grant N00014-92-J1142.Corresponding author.     

A double-stage piecewise recursive filter for real-time applications

This paper examines the basic problem of estimating the state of a system described by a set of dynamical equations. The state estimation is performed by means of optimal filtering techniques in which the state observation is given by a set of nonlinear equations.The basic issue encountered in most engineering problems is the availability of more observable information than the processor can effectively process in real-time, while performing full optimal filtering on all available observable data. To alleviate this deficiency, an algorithm is developed in which the rate of information processing is kept at a high value, while the system statistics are evaluated at a much slower rate.The method utilizes a combination of fast and slow filtering loops, in which the observable data are processed at a high rate during the fast loop, while the system error covariance, gain computations, and all other system statistics are processed at a lower rate in the slow loop. Methods are provided to resolve any incompatibility in the system statistics resulting from this fast-loop/slow-loop processing combination.Applications describing problems pertaining to aircraft navigation are presented. Specifically, applications to aircraft navigation through a satellite network are studied. Appropriate simulation results from the above studies are shown.This work was performed under contract with the Department of the Air Force, Space and Missile Organization (SAMSO), Los Angeles, California, Contract No. F04-701-75-C-0180.The authors are indebted to Dr. C. Johnson, GPS System Engineer, Mr. G. Consolver, GPS Software Manager, and Mr. W. Riley, Communications/Navigation Department, Texas Instruments for their continuous encouragement in the course of this work. Also, they are indebted to Major M. Birnbaum, SAMSO, for his constructive criticism on the conceptual design of this work, and to Mr. A. Bierman, Aerospace Corporation, for kindly providing simulation data of aircraft trajectories. Finally, the authors would like to express their gratitude to Dr. N. Carlson, Intermetrics, for valuable consultation during the progress of this work.Portions of this paper were presented by the senior author at the GSP Conference, Plan 76, IEEE Position, Location, and Navigation Symposium, San Diego, California, 1976.     

基于模糊FNN-ELECTRE法的国有商业银行竞争力评价

随着金融业全方位开放,国有商业银行已成为国家经济命脉的核心,其竞争力强弱关系着国家经济的繁荣与衰退。本文基于模糊FNN-ELECTRE方法建立国有商业银行竞争力评价模型,以因素神经网络理论(FNN)与ELECTRE融合方法为基础,以现有商业银行竞争力评价指标为着眼,把国有商业银行竞争力的评价体系从现实竞争力和潜在竞争力两个因素抽取为一级指标,以规模、质量、业务结构、效率、成长性五个因素设为二级指标。从实证的角度对银行A、银行B、银行C、银行D、银行E五大国有银行进行分析验证,对其属性值进行和谐性与非和谐性检验得出,银行B竞争能力最强,银行E竞争能力最弱,五大国有银行均有改进空间。     

Representation of the solution to a model problem in semiconductor physics

We study a mixed type problem for the Poisson equation arising in the modeling of charge transport in semiconductor devices [V. Romano, 2D simulation of a silicon MESFET with a non-parabolic hydrodynamical model based on the maximum entropy principle, J. Comput. Phys. 176 (2002) 70-92; A.M. Blokhin, R.S. Bushmanov, A.S. Rudometova, V. Romano, Linear asymptotic stability of the equilibrium state for the 2D MEP hydrodynamical model of charge transport in semiconductors, Nonlinear Anal. 65 (2006) 1018-1038]. Unlike well-studied elliptic boundary-value problems in domains with smooth boundaries (see, for example, [O.A. Ladyzhenskaya, N.N. Uralceva, Linear and Quasilinear Elliptic Equations, Nauka, Moscow, 1973; D. Gilbarg, N.S. Trudinger, Elliptic Partial Differential Equations of Second Order, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1983]), our problem has two significant features: firstly, the boundary is not a smooth curve and, secondly, the type of boundary conditions is mixed (the Dirichlet condition is satisfied on the one part of the boundary whereas the Neumann condition on the other part). The well-posedness of the problem in Hölder and Sobolev spaces is proved. The representation of the solution to the problem is obtained in an explicit form.     

金融风险在股票市场的传染效应及联动行为分析

近年来金融危机频发并表现出了易传染性,引起了众多学者的高度关注。以动态条件相关模型研究美欧股市与中、日、韩股市间的时变相关性,并结合内生多重结构突变模型划分危机传染阶段,选用溢出指数模型分析股市间的风险溢出特性;随后,定义股市间相互影响的联动模式并构建不同传染阶段的加权有向网络图分析股市间的联动行为。研究表明:美欧股市对中日韩股市有明显的传染效应,被传染的速度和持续时间均不相同;金融传染和风险溢出展现出一定的不一致性,危机期间日股的风险溢出效应强于美股;传染效应在联动网络中表现为联动模式的高聚类性和高联动性,相比欧债危机,次贷危机时期股市间展现出更强的联动行为;日股与美欧股市在两次危机中均表现出最强的联动性,其所受影响也最大。     

Wave parameter identification problem for ocean test structure data,part 2, discrete formulation

This paper deals with the solution of the wave parameter identification problem for ocean test structure data. A discrete formulation is assumed. An ocean test structure is considered, and wave elevation and velocities are assumed to be measured with a number of sensors. Within the frame of linear wave theory, a Fourier series model is chosen for the wave elevation and velocities. Then, the following problem is posed: Find the amplitudes of the various wave components of specified frequency and direction, so that the assumed model of wave elevation and velocities provides the best fit to the measured data. Here, the term best fit is employed in the least-square sense over a given time interval.At each time instant, the wave representation involves four indexes (frequency, direction, instrument, time); hence, four-dimensional arrays are required. This formal difficulty can be avoided by switching to an alternative representation involving only two indexes (frequency-direction, instrument-time); hence, standard vector-matrix notation can be used. Within this frame, optimality conditions are derived for the amplitudes of the assumed wave model.A characteristic of the wave parameter identification problem is that the condition number of the system matrix can be large. Therefore, the numerical solution is not an easy task and special procedures must be employed. Specifically, Gaussian elimination is avoided and advantageous use is made of the Householder transformation, in the light of the least-square nature of the problem and the discretized approach to the problem.Numerical results are presented. The effect of various system parameters (number of frequencies, number of directions, sampling time, number of sensors, and location of sensors) is investigated in connection with global or strong accuracy, local or weak accuracy, integral accuracy, and condition number of the system matrix.From the numerical experiments, it appears that the wave parameter identification problem has a unique solution if the number of directions is smaller than or equal to the number of sensors; it has an infinite number of solutions otherwise. In the case where a unique solution exists, the condition number of the system matrix increases as the size of the system increases, and this has a detrimental effect on the accuracy. However, the accuracy can be improved by proper selection of the sampling time and by proper choice of the number and location of the sensors.Generally speaking, the computations done for the discrete case exhibit better accuracy than the computations done for the continuous case (Ref. 5). This improved accuracy is a direct consequence of having used advantageously the Householder transformation and is obtained at the expense of increased memory requirements and increased CPU time.This work was supported by Exxon Production Research Company, Houston, Texas. This paper is based partly on Refs. 1–4.     

On the mechanical and thermomechanical properties of low-density polyethylene/ethylene-α-octene copolymer blends

Blends of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and ethylene-octene copolymer (EOC) were obtained. The effect of EOC content and absorbed radiation dose on the mechanical and thermomechanical properties of LDPE/EOC blends are investigated. Particular attention is given to a tensile stress-strain analysis and the “form-memory” effect of the blends. With growing LDPE content, the elastic modulus, the yield stress, and the thermorelaxation and residual stresses of the blends increase, but the ultimate elongation at break decreases, which is caused by the higher crystallinity of polyethylene. As a result of radiation-induced cross-linking, the elastic modulus, the yield stress (at a 1% strain), the ultimate yield strength, and the thermorelaxation and residual stresses increase, while the ultimate elongation at break and the melt flow-behavior index decrease, which is confirmed by the growing gel fraction in the blend. __________ Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 279–286, March–April, 2008.     

考虑成本、等待时间和安全水平的分类安检模式研究

近年来,随着民航机场旅客吞吐量快速增加,机场安检部门的工作压力正不断加大,旅客等待时间也正在逐渐增加。针对该问题,引入了分类安检模式。然而,分类安检模式通常需要额外的投资成本,可能会产生较大的财务负担。因此,以成本为目标,综合考虑旅客等待时间和安全水平的要求,研究了分类安检模式和传统安检模式的比较以及最优决策性质等相关问题。首先,考虑安全水平和旅客等待时间的约束,分别为传统安检模式和分类安检模式建立了模型,并分析了其最优运营决策性质。其次,从成本的角度,对两种安检模式做了比较研究。研究结果表明,当旅客数量多、安检犯错容忍度较高或旅客等待敏感时,分类安检模式比传统安检模式表现更优;反之,传统安检模式更优。此外,在分类安检模式中,分配到高风险安检通道的旅客比例存在一个最优值,并且其通常在20%到30%之间取到。最后,通过数值分析验证了分类安检模式的最优服务配置。     

绿色产品定价与市场入侵研究:基于市场权力结构的视角

为研究绿色产品定价与市场入侵问题,针对由两个制造商和一个零售商组成的系统,构建了制造商主导、零售商主导以及供需双方均势等三种权力结构模型,分析了权力结构、消费者绿色偏好等因素对绿色产品定价和市场入侵的影响。研究发现:绿色产品入侵市场存在可行条件,并且绿色产品市场入侵会导致普通产品制造商的利润损失;市场入侵对零售商有利,说明零售商会有动机引入绿色产品;绿色产品入侵市场和市场权力结构均会影响各个企业最优定价策略,其中拥有主导权的企业会选择高价策略;权力结构会影响供需双方的利润分配,以及导致系统利润的损失。     

颤振分析中的特征值排序问题

颤振分析中判断颤振临界速度的重要依据是系统V-g和V-f图,即系统特征值随参数的变化曲线.在几乎所有商用软件及自编程序的输出结果中,有时会出现所谓的"窜支"现象,这给颤振临界速度和颤振穿越分支及耦合形式的判断带来很大不便.通过隐函数定理可以证明,除重特征值点以外,系统特征值连续依赖于系统参数变化.依据多元向量值函数连续性,建立对特征值的排列算法,给出系统特征根轨迹的正确曲线,再输出V-g和V-f图数据,从而避免"窜支"现象.编制应用程序,通过几个典型算例对算法进行了验证.该工作能够有效简化颤振分析的后处理工作,提高分析效率.