A remark on the existence of entire large and bounded solutions to a (<Emphasis Type="Italic">k</Emphasis><Subscript>1</Subscript>, <Emphasis Type="Italic">k</Emphasis><Subscript>2</Subscript>)-Hessian system with gradient term

In this paper, we study the existence of positive entire large and bounded radial positive solutions for the following nonlinear system

$$\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}c}{S_{k_1 } \left( {\lambda \left( {D^2 u_1 } \right)} \right) + a_1 \left( {\left| x \right|} \right)\left| {\nabla u_1 } \right|^{k_1 } = p_1 \left( {\left| x \right|} \right)f_1 \left( {u_2 } \right)} & {for x \in \mathbb{R}^N ,} \\{S_{k_2 } \left( {\lambda \left( {D^2 u_2 } \right)} \right) + a_2 \left( {\left| x \right|} \right)\left| {\nabla u_2 } \right|^{k_2 } = p_2 \left( {\left| x \right|} \right)f_2 \left( {u_1 } \right)} & {for x \in \mathbb{R}^N .} \\\end{array} } \right.$$

Here \({S_{{k_i}}}\left( {\lambda \left( {{D^2}{u_i}} \right)} \right)\) is the k _i -Hessian operator, a ₁, p ₁, f ₁, a ₂, p ₂ and f ₂ are continuous functions.

     

Standard monomials for <Emphasis Type="Italic">q</Emphasis>-uniform families and a conjecture of Babai and Frankl

Let n, k, α be integers, n, α>0, p be a prime and q=p ^α. Consider the complete q-uniform family

$\mathcal{F}\left( {k,q} \right) = \left\{ {K \subseteq \left[ n \right]:\left| K \right| \equiv k(mod q)} \right\}$

We study certain inclusion matrices attached to F(k,q) over the field\(\mathbb{F}_p \). We show that if l≤q?1 and 2l≤n then

$rank_{\mathbb{F}_p } I(\mathcal{F}(k,q),\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {\left[ n \right]} \\ { \leqslant \ell } \\ \end{array} } \right)) \leqslant \left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c} n \\ \ell \\ \end{array} } \right)$

This extends a theorem of Frankl [7] obtained for the case α=1. In the proof we use arguments involving Gröbner bases, standard monomials and reduction. As an application, we solve a problem of Babai and Frankl related to the size of some L-intersecting families modulo q.     

On multiplicative functions on consecutive integers

Let f and g be multiplicative functions of modulus 1. Assume that \( {\lim_{x \to \infty }}\frac{1}{x}\left| {\sum\nolimits_{n \leqslant x} {f(n)} } \right| = A > 0 \) and \( {\lim_{x \to \infty }}\frac{1}{x}\left| {\sum\nolimits_{n \leqslant x} {g(n)} } \right| = 0 \). We prove that, under these conditions,

$ \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to \infty } \frac{1}{x}\sum\limits_{n \leqslant x} {f(n)g(n + 1) = 0.}$

Concerning the Liouville function λ, we find an upper estimate for \( \frac{1}{x}\left| {\sum\limits_{n \leqslant x} {\lambda (n)\lambda (n + 1)} } \right| \) under the unproved hypothesis that L(s, χ) have Siegel zeros for an infinite sequence of L-functions.

     

A note on some results of Hua in short intervals

In this paper, we improve the previous results of the authors [G. Lü and H. Tang, On some results of Hua in short intervals, Lith. Math. J., 50(1):54–70, 2010] by proving that each sufficiently large integer N satisfying some congruence conditions can be written as

$ \left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {N = p_1^2 + p_2^2 + p_3^2 + p_4^2 + {p^k},} \hfill \\ {\left| {{p_j} - \sqrt {{\frac{N}{5}}} } \right| \leqslant U,\quad \left| {p - {{\left( {\frac{N}{5}} \right)}^{\frac{1}{k}}}} \right| \leqslant U\,{N^{ - \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{k}}},\quad j = 1,\,2,\,\,3,\,4,} \hfill \\ \end{array} } \right. $

where U = N ^1/2?η+ε with \( \eta = \frac{1}{{2k\left( {{K^2} + 1} \right)}} \) and K = 2k ^?1, k ? 2.

     

Boundedness of Hausdorff operators on the power weighted Hardy spaces

In this paper, we consider the two-dimensional Hausdorff operators on the power weighted Hardy space H_(|x|α)~1(R~2) ( -1 ≤α≤0), defined by H_(Φ,A)f(x)=∫R~2Φ(u)f(A(u)x)du,where Φ∈L_loc~1(R~2),A(u) = (α_(ij)(u))_(i,j=1)~2 is a 2×2 matrix, and each α_(i,j) is a measurablefunction.We obtain that HΦ,A is bounded from H_(|x|~α)~1(R~2) ( -1≤α≤0) to itself, if∫R2|Φ(u)‖det A~(-1)(u)|‖A(u)‖~(-α)ln(1+‖A~(-1)(u)‖~2/|det A~(-1)(u)|)du∞.This result improves some known theorems, and in some sense it is sharp.     

On some results of Hua in short intervals

In this note, we prove some results of Hua in short intervals. For example, each sufficiently large integer N satisfying some congruence conditions can be written as

$ \left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {N = p_1^2 + p_2^2 + p_3^2 + p_4^2 + {p^k}}, \hfill \\ {\left| {{p_j} - \sqrt {N/5} } \right| \leqslant U,\left| {p - {{\left( {N/5} \right)}^{\tfrac{1}{k}}}} \right|\leqslant UN - \tfrac{1}{2} + \tfrac{1}{k},j = 1,2,3,4,} \hfill \\ \end{array} } \right. $

where \( U = N\tfrac{1}{2} - \eta + \varepsilon \) with \( \eta = \frac{2}{{\kappa \left( {K + 1} \right)\left( {{K^2} + 2} \right)}} \) and \( K = {2^{k - 1}},k\geqslant 3. \)

     

Some Zygmund type inequalities for the <Emphasis Type="Italic">s</Emphasis>th derivative of polynomials

For a polynomial P(z) of degree n having no zeros in |z| < 1, it was recently proved in [9] that

$$\left| {{z^s}{P^{\left( s \right)}}\left( z \right) + \beta \frac{{n\left( {n - 1} \right)...\left( {n - s + 1} \right)}}{{{2^s}}}P\left( z \right)} \right| \leqslant \frac{{n\left( {n - 1} \right)...\left( {n - s + 1} \right)}}{2}\left( {\left| {1 + \frac{\beta }{{{2^s}}}} \right| + \left| {\frac{\beta }{{{2^s}}}} \right|} \right)\mathop {\max }\limits_{\left| z \right| = 1} \left| {P\left( z \right)} \right|$$

for every β ∈ C with |β| ≤ 1, 1 ≤ s ≤ n and |z| = 1. In this paper, we obtain the L _p mean extension of the above and other related results for the sth derivative of polynomials.

     

A note on skew characters of symmetric groups

In this paper we establish the following estimate:

$$\omega \left( {\left\{ {x \in {\mathbb{R}^n}:\left| {\left[ {b,T} \right]f\left( x \right)} \right| > \lambda } \right\}} \right) \leqslant \frac{{{c_T}}}{{{\varepsilon ^2}}}\int_{{\mathbb{R}^n}} {\Phi \left( {{{\left\| b \right\|}_{BMO}}\frac{{\left| {f\left( x \right)} \right|}}{\lambda }} \right){M_{L{{\left( {\log L} \right)}^{1 + \varepsilon }}}}} \omega \left( x \right)dx$$

where ω ≥ 0, 0 < ε < 1 and Φ(t) = t(1 + log⁺(t)). This inequality relies upon the following sharp L ^p estimate:

$${\left\| {\left[ {b,T} \right]f} \right\|_{{L^p}\left( \omega \right)}} \leqslant {c_T}{\left( {p'} \right)^2}{p^2}{\left( {\frac{{p - 1}}{\delta }} \right)^{\frac{1}{{p'}}}}{\left\| b \right\|_{BMO}}{\left\| f \right\|_{{L^p}\left( {{M_{L{{\left( {{{\log }_L}} \right)}^{2p - 1 + {\delta ^\omega }}}}}} \right)}}$$

where 1 < p < ∞, ω ≥ 0 and 0 < δ < 1. As a consequence we recover the following estimate essentially contained in [18]:

$$\omega \left( {\left\{ {x \in {\mathbb{R}^n}:\left| {\left[ {b,T} \right]f\left( x \right)} \right| > \lambda } \right\}} \right) \leqslant {c_T}{\left[ \omega \right]_{{A_\infty }}}{\left( {1 + {{\log }^ + }{{\left[ \omega \right]}_{{A_\infty }}}} \right)^2}\int_{{\mathbb{R}^n}} {\Phi \left( {{{\left\| b \right\|}_{BMO}}\frac{{\left| {f\left( x \right)} \right|}}{\lambda }} \right)M} \omega \left( x \right)dx.$$

We also obtain the analogue estimates for symbol-multilinear commutators for a wider class of symbols.

     

Boundedness and compactness of an integral operator in a mixed norm space on the polydisk

We study the following integral type operator

$T_g (f)(z) = \int\limits_0^{z_{} } { \cdots \int\limits_0^{z_n } {f(\zeta _1 , \ldots ,\zeta _n )} g(\zeta _1 , \ldots ,\zeta _n )d\zeta _1 , \ldots ,\zeta _n } $

in the space of analytic functions on the unit polydisk U ⁿ in the complex vector space ?ⁿ. We show that the operator is bounded in the mixed norm space

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, with p, q ∈ [1, ∞) and α = (α₁, …, α_n), such that α_j > ?1, for every j = 1, …, n, if and only if \(\sup _{z \in U^n } \prod\nolimits_{j = 1}^n {\left( {1 - \left| {z_j } \right|} \right)} \left| {g(z)} \right| < \infty \). Also, we prove that the operator is compact if and only if \(\lim _{z \to \partial U^n } \prod\nolimits_{j = 1}^n {\left( {1 - \left| {z_j } \right|} \right)} \left| {g(z)} \right| = 0\).

     

On exponential sums over primes and application in Waring-Goldbach problem

In this paper, we prove the following estimate on exponential sums over primes: Let κ≥1,βκ=1/2 log κ/log2, x≥2 and α=a/q λsubject to (a, q) = 1, 1≤a≤q, and λ∈R. Then As an application, we prove that with at most O(N2/8 ε) exceptions, all positive integers up to N satisfying some necessary congruence conditions are the sum of three squares of primes. This result is as strong as what has previously been established under the generalized Riemann hypothesis.     

Some Berezin Number Inequalities for Operator Matrices

The Berezin symbol à of an operator A acting on the reproducing kernel Hilbert space H = H(Ω) over some (nonempty) set is defined by \(\tilde A(\lambda ) = \left\langle {A\hat k_\lambda ,\hat k_\lambda } \right\rangle \), λ ∈ Ω, where \(\hat k_\lambda = k_\lambda /\left\| {k_\lambda } \right\|\) is the normalized reproducing kernel of H. The Berezin number of the operator A is defined by \(ber(A) = \mathop {\sup }\limits_{\lambda \in \Omega } \left| {\tilde A(\lambda )} \right| = \mathop {\sup }\limits_{\lambda \in \Omega } \left| {\left\langle {A\hat k_\lambda ,\hat k_\lambda } \right\rangle } \right|\). Moreover, ber(A) ? w(A) (numerical radius). We present some Berezin number inequalities. Among other inequalities, it is shown that if \(T = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} A & B \\ C & D \\ \end{array} } \right] \in \mathbb{B}(\mathcal{H}(\Omega _1 ) \oplus \mathcal{H}(\Omega _2 ))\), then

$$ber(T) \leqslant \frac{1}{2}(ber(A) + ber(D)) + \frac{1}{2}\sqrt {(ber(A) - ber(D))^2 + \left( {\left\| B \right\| + \left\| C \right\|} \right)^2 } .$$

     

Weighted polyharmonic equation with Navier boundary conditions in a half space

We study positive solutions of the following polyharmonic equation with Hardy weights associated to Navier boundary conditions on a half space:?????(-?)~mu(x)=u~p(x)/|x|~s,in R_+~n,u(x)=-?u(x)=…=(-?)~(m-1)u(x)=0,on ?R_+~n,(0.1)where m is any positive integer satisfying 02mn.We first prove that the positive solutions of(0.1)are super polyharmonic,i.e.,(-?)~iu0,i=0,1,...,m-1.(0.2) For α=2m,applying this important property,we establish the equivalence between (0.1) and the integral equation u(x)=c_n∫R_+~n(1/|x-y|~(n-α)-1/|x~*-y|~(n-α))u~p(y)/|y|~sdy,(0.3) where x~*=(x1,...,x_(n-1),-x_n) is the reflection of the point x about the plane R~(n-1).Then,we use the method of moving planes in integral forms to derive rotational symmetry and monotonicity for the positive solution of(0.3),in whichαcan be any real number between 0 and n.By some Pohozaev type identities in integral forms,we prove a Liouville type theorem—the non-existence of positive solutions for(0.1).     

Divided differences for functions of two variables for irregularly spaced arguments

Divided differences forf (x, y) for completely irregular spacing of points (x _i ,y _i ) are developed here by a natural generalization of Newton's scheme. Existing bivariate schemes either iterate the one-dimensional scheme, thus constraining (x _i ,y _i ) to be at corners of rectangles, or give polynomials Σa _jk x ^j y ^k having more coefficients than interpolation conditions. Here the generalizedn ^th divided difference is defined by (1)\(\left[ {01... n} \right] = \sum\limits_{i = 0}^n {A_i f\left( {x_i , y_i } \right)} \) where (2)\(\sum\limits_{i = 0}^n {A_i x_i^j , y_i^k = 0} \), and 1 for the last or (n+1)^th equation, for every (j, k) wherej+k=0, 1, 2,... in the usual ascending order. The gen. div. diff. [01...n] is symmetric in (x _i ,y _i ), unchanged under translation, 0 forf (x, y) an, ascending binary polynomial as far asn terms, degree-lowering with respect to (X, Y) whenf(x, y) is any polynomialP(X+x, Y+y), and satisfies the 3-term recurrence relation (3) [01...n]=λ{[1...n]?[0...n?1]}, where (4) λ= |1...n|·|01...n?1|/|01...n|·|1...n?1|, the |...i...| denoting determinants inx _i ^j y _i ^k . The generalization of Newton's div. diff. formula is (5)

$$\begin{gathered} f\left( {x, y} \right) = f\left( {x_0 , y_0 } \right) - \frac{{\left| {\alpha 0} \right|}}{{\left| 0 \right|}}\left[ {01} \right] + \frac{{\left| {\alpha 01} \right|}}{{\left| {01} \right|}}\left[ {012} \right] - \frac{{\left| {\alpha 012} \right|}}{{\left| {012} \right|}}\left[ {0123} \right] + \cdots + \hfill \\ + \left( { - 1} \right)^n \frac{{\left| {\alpha 01 \ldots n - 1} \right|}}{{\left| {01 \ldots n - 1} \right|}}\left[ {01 \ldots n} \right] + \left( { - 1} \right)^{n + 1} \frac{{\left| {\alpha 01 \ldots n} \right|}}{{\left| {01 \ldots n} \right|}}\left[ {01 \ldots n} \right], \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$     

On the uniform Kreiss resolvent condition

Let B be a Banach space with norm ‖ · ‖ and identity operator I. We prove that, for a bounded linear operator T in B, the strong Kreiss resolvent condition

$\parallel (T - \lambda I)^{ - k} \parallel \leqslant \frac{M}{{(|\lambda | - 1)^k }}, |\lambda | > 1,k = 1,2, \ldots ,$

implies the uniform Kreiss resolvent condition

$\left\| {\sum\limits_{k = 0}^n {\frac{{T^k }}{{\lambda ^{k + 1} }}} } \right\| \leqslant \frac{L}{{|\lambda | - 1}}, |\lambda | > 1, n = 0,1,2, \ldots .$

We establish that an operator T satisfies the uniform Kreiss resolvent condition if and only if so does the operator T ^m for each integer m ? 2.

     

A class of simple Lie algebras attached to unit forms

Let n ≥ 3. The complex Lie algebra, which is attached to a unit form q(x ₁, x ₂,..., x _n) = \({\sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^n {x_i^2 + \sum\nolimits_{1 \leqslant i \leqslant j \leqslant n} {\left( { - 1} \right)} } ^{j - i}}{x_i}{x_j}\) and defined by generators and generalized Serre relations, is proved to be a finite-dimensional simple Lie algebra of type A _n , and realized by the Ringel-Hall Lie algebra of a Nakayama algebra of radical square zero. As its application of the realization, we give the roots and a Chevalley basis of the simple Lie algebra.     

Boundary value problems for complete quasi-parabolic differential equations of odd order with variable domains of operators

We prove the well-posed solvability in the strong sense of the boundary value Problems

$$\begin{gathered} ( - 1)\frac{{_m d^{2m + 1} u}}{{dt^{2m + 1} }} + \sum\limits_{k = 0}^{m - 1} {\frac{{d^{k + 1} }}{{dt^{k + 1} }}} A_{2k + 1} (t)\frac{{d^k u}}{{dt^k }} + \sum\limits_{k = 1}^m {\frac{{d^k }}{{dt^k }}} A_{2k} (t)\frac{{d^k u}}{{dt^k }} + \lambda _m A_0 (t)u = f, \hfill \\ t \in ]0,t[,\lambda _m \geqslant 1, \hfill \\ {{d^i u} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{d^i u} {dt^i }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {dt^i }}|_{t = 0} = {{d^j u} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{d^j u} {dt^j }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {dt^j }}|_{t = T} = 0,i = 0,...,m,j = 0,...,m - 1,m = 0,1,..., \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$

where the unbounded operators A _s (t), s > 0, in a Hilbert space H have domains D(A _s (t)) depending on t, are subordinate to the powers A ^1?(s?1)/2m (t) of some self-adjoint operators A(t) ≥ 0 in H, are [(s+1)/2] times differentiable with respect to t, and satisfy some inequalities. In the space H, the maximally accretive operators A ₀(t) and the symmetric operators A _s (t), s > 0, are approximated by smooth maximally dissipative operators B(t) in such a way that

$$\begin{gathered} \mathop {lim}\limits_{\varepsilon \to 0} Re(A_0 (t)B_\varepsilon ^{ - 1} (t)(B_\varepsilon ^{ - 1} (t))^ * u,u)_H = Re(A_0 (t)u,u)_H \geqslant c(A(t)u,u)_H \hfill \\ \forall u \in D(A_0 (t)),c > 0, \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$

, where the smoothing operators are defined by

$$B_\varepsilon ^{ - 1} (t) = (I - \varepsilon B(t))^{ - 1} ,(B_\varepsilon ^{ - 1} (t)) * = (I - \varepsilon B^ * (t))^{ - 1} ,\varepsilon > 0.$$

.

     

On a property of the reducibility exponent of linear differential systems

We establish that the reducibility exponent (Differentsial’nye Uravneniya, 2007, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 191–202) of each linear system

$$\dot x = A(t)x, x \in \mathbb{R}^n , t \geqslant 0$$

, with piecewise continuous bounded coefficient matrix A does not belong to the set of values of σ for which the perturbed system (1_A+Q) with an arbitrary piecewise continuous perturbation Q satisfying the condition \(\overline {\lim } _{t \to + \infty } t^{ - 1} \ln \left\| {Q(t)} \right\| \leqslant - \sigma \) is reducible to the original system (1 _A ) by some Lyapunov transformation.

     

Polynomial Properties on Large Symmetric Association Schemes

In this paper we characterize “large” regular graphs using certain entries in the projection matrices onto the eigenspaces of the graph. As a corollary of this result, we show that “large” association schemes become P-polynomial association schemes. Our results are summarized as follows. Let G = (V, E) be a connected k-regular graph with d +1 distinct eigenvalues \({k = \theta_{0} > \theta_{1} > \cdots > \theta_{d}}\). Since the diameter of G is at most d, we have the Moore bound

$$|V| \leq M(k,d) = 1 + k \sum^{d-1}_{i=0} (k-1)^{i}.$$

Note that if |V| > M(k, d ? 1) holds, the diameter of G is equal to d. Let E _i be the orthogonal projection matrix onto the eigenspace corresponding to θ _i . Let ?(u, v) be the path distance of u, v ∈V.

Theorem. Assume \({|V| > M(k, d - 1)}\) holds. Then for x, y ∈V with \({\partial (x, y) = d}\), the (x, y) -entry of E _i is equal to

$$-\frac{1}{|V|} \prod _{j=1,2,...,d, j \neq i} \frac{\theta_{0}-\theta_{j}}{\theta_{i}-\theta_{j}}.$$

If a symmetric association scheme \({\mathfrak{X} = (X, \{R_{i}\}^{d}_{i=0})}\) has a relation R _i such that the graph (X, R _i ) satisfies the above condition, then \({\mathfrak{X}}\) is P-polynomial. Moreover we show the “dual” version of this theorem for spherical sets and Q-polynomial association schemes.

     

Meromorphic Jost functions and asymptotic expansions for Jacobi parameters

We show that the parameters a _n , b _n of a Jacobi matrix have a complete asymptotic expansion

$a_n^2 - 1 = \sum\limits_{k = 1}^{K(R)} {p_k (n)\mu _k^{ - 2n} + O(R^{ - 2n} ),} b_n = \sum\limits_{k = 1}^{K(R)} {p_k (n)\mu _k^{ - 2n + 1} + O(R^{ - 2n} )} $

, where 1 < |µ_j| < R for j ? K(R) and all R, if and only if the Jost function, u, written in terms of z (where E = z + z ^?1) is an entire meromorphic function. We relate the poles of u to the µ_j’s.

     

Break-down criterion for the water-wave equation

We study the break-down mechanism of smooth solution for the gravity water-wave equation of infinite depth. It is proved that if the mean curvature κ of the free surface Σt, the trace(V, B) of the velocity at the free surface, and the outer normal derivative ?P/?n of the pressure P satisfy sup t∈[0,T]||κ(t)||~(Lp∩L~2+∫~T_0||(▽V, ▽B)(t)||~6_(L∞)dt+∞,inf (t,x,y)∈[0,T]×Σ_t-?P/?n(t, x, y)≥c0,for some p 2d and c_0 0, then the solution can be extended after t = T.