Describing Neighborhoods of 5-Vertices in a Class of 3-Polytopes with Minimum Degree 5

Lebesgue proved in 1940 that each 3-polytope with minimum degree 5 contains a 5-vertex for which the set of degrees of its neighbors is majorized by one of the following sequences(6, 6, 7, 7, 7), (6, 6, 6, 7, 9), (6, 6, 6, 6, 11)(5, 6, 7, 7, 8), (5, 6, 6, 7, 12), (5, 6, 6, 8, 10), (5, 6, 6, 6, 17)(5, 5, 7, 7, 13), (5, 5, 7, 8, 10), (5, 5, 6, 7, 27), (5, 5, 6, 6,∞), (5, 5, 6, 8, 15), (5, 5, 6, 9, 11)(5, 5, 5, 7, 41), (5, 5, 5, 8, 23), (5, 5, 5, 9, 17), (5, 5, 5, 10, 14), (5, 5, 5, 11, 13).We prove that each 3-polytope with minimum degree 5 without vertices of degree from 7 to 10 contains a 5-vertex whose set of degrees of its neighbors is majorized by one of the following sequences: (5, 6, 6, 5, ∞), (5, 6, 6, 6, 15), and (6, 6, 6, 6, 6), where all parameters are tight.     

Book reviews

L.N. TREFETHEN and D. BAU, III,Numerical Linear Algebra,SIAM, Philadelphia, 1997G.-C. ROTA,Indiscrete Thoughts,Birkhäuser, Boston, 1997D.E. KEYES, A. SAMEH and V. VENKATAKRISHNAN, eds.Parallel Numerical Algorithms,Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1997A. KIRSCH,An Introduction to the Mathematical Theory of Inverse Problems,Springer, New York, 1996L.F. SHAMPINE, R.C. ALLEN, Jr. and S. PRUESS,Fundamentals of Numerical Computing,Wiley, New York, 1997C.W. UEBERHUBERNumerical Computation, 2 vols.Springer, Berlin, 1997W.G. McCALLUM et al.Multivariate Calculus,Wiley, New York, 1997ZHI-QUAN LUO, JONG-SHI PANG and D. RALPH,Mathematical Programs with Equilibrium Constraints,Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996P.R. POPIVANOV and D.K. PALAGACHEV,The Degenerate Oblique Derivative Problem for Elliptic and Parabolic Equations,Akademie Verlag, Berlin, 1997     

Regularisierte Faltung von Distributionen. Teil 2: Eine Tabelle von Fundamentallösungen

Zusammenfassung In der folgenden Liste sollen einige häufig vorkommende Differentialoperatoren und ihre Fundamentallösungen in der Art einer Integraltafel zusammengefaßt werden. Dabei ist zu beachten, daß Fundamentallösungen im allgemeinen (d. h. ohne Zusatzbedingungen) nicht eindeutig bestimmt sind. In den meisten Fällen sind Berechnungsverfahren zur Herleitung der angegebenen Fundamentallösungen skizziert. DAbei wurden sowohl neue Methoden (z. B. Regularisierung, Penalisierung, regularisierte Faltung: 3, 6, 8, 10, 15, 22, 23, 24, 28, 31, 38, 40, 44, 48, 50, 51, 52, 64, 65, 68, 69, 72, 73) als auch neue Fundamentallösungen (15, 16, 20, 22, 23, 24, 31, 68, 69, 70) angegeben, deren Berechnung im 1. Teil (Abschnitt 3) aus Platzgründen nicht aufgenommen wurde. Die Berechnung von Fundamentallösungen mittelspartieller Fourier- oder Laplacetrans-formation, oder durch Spezialisierung in gewissen allgemeinen, von F. J. Bureau oder G. Herglotz angegebenen Integralen wurde außer Betracht gelassen und wird nicht zitiert. Für die Operatoren 26, 66, 67, 71, 74 und 77 wurden keine Fundamentallösungen angeschrieben, da entweder die entsprechende Literatur nur auszugsweise zur Verfügung stand oder die Formeln zu umfangreich sind.

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Summary Similar to a table of integrals the following table contains some frequently occurring differential operators and their fundamental solutions. However one has to pay attention to the fact, that fundamental solutions are not given uniquely (i.e. without assuming further conditions). In most cases you find methods to derive the listed fundamental solutions. We give new methods (e.g. regularization, penalization, regularized convolution: 3, 6, 8, 10, 15, 22, 23, 24, 28, 31, 38, 40, 44, 48, 50, 51, 52, 64, 65, 68, 69, 72, 73) as well as new fundamental solutions (15, 16, 20, 22, 23, 24, 31, 68, 69, 70), whose computation is not contained in part one (section 3) for lack of space. The derivation of fundamental solutions bypartial Fourier- or Laplace Transformation, or by specializing certain general integrals given by F. J. Bureau or G. Herglotz is not taken into account. For the operators 26, 66, 67, 71, 74 and 77 no fundamental solutions are given either for the corresponding reference being only partially available or the formulas being too long.

     

某一类色唯一的K_4-同胚图

令K_4(i,j,k,l,m,n)表示两两三度点间的路长分别为i,j,k,l,m,n的K_4-同胚图.对6条路的长均大于1且有4条路的长相等其余两条路互不相等的K_4-同胚图的着色进行了研究,得到了一类色唯一的K_4-同胚图.     

Book reviews

Devroye, L.; L. Györfi: Nonparametric Density Estimation: the L1 View. John Wiley & Sons New York, Chichester, Brisbane, Toronto, Singapore 1985, XI, 356 p., £ 45.90, ISBN 0-471816469

Gericke, H.: Mathematik in Antike und Orient. Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo 1984, 140.Abb., 4 Kartenskizzen, XII, 292 S., DNI 98,-, ISBN 3-540-11647-8

K. ITö (ed.) StochasticAnalysis. Proceedings of the Traniguchi Internationaloal Symposium on Stochastic Analysis, Katata and Kyoto, 1982. North-Holland Mathematical Library, Vol. 32, North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam 1984, 488 pages, Dfl. 250.- ISBN 0-444-87588-3

Weizenbaum, J.: Die Macht der Computer und dic Ohnmaeht der Vernuutt, Suhrkamp Taschenbuch Wissenschaf't 274. Suhrkamp Verlag Frankfurt/M. 1978, 368 S., DM 16,-, ISBN 3-518-27874-6

Krylov, N.V.; R. Sh. Lipiser; A.A Novikov (eds.): Statistics and Control of Stochastic Processes. Steklov Seminar, 1984. Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo 1985, XIII, 507 S., DM 198, -, ISBN 3.540-96101-1

Sachs, H. (ed.): Graphs, Hypergraphs and Applications. Proceedings of the Conference on Graph Theory held in Eyba, Oct. 1984.. 'I'eubner-Texte zur Mathematik 73 Teubner Verlagsgesellschaft Leipzig 1985, 224 S., 23,-M, ISBN 666275-5

Bhat, U. Narayan; Elements of Applied Stochastic Processes. 2. Ed. Jonoh Wilet & Sons New York, Chichester, Brisbane, Toronto, Singapore 1984, IX, 685 p., £ 52.00, ISBN 0-471-87826-X

Methods of Operations Research. Bd, 66. Verlag Anton Hain Meisenheim, Königstein 1985, 410 S., DM 120,-, ISBN 3..445..02400..6

Maier, T.: Intervall-Input-Ontput-Rechnung. Mathernat.ical Systems in Economics. 101. Verlag Anton Rain, Meisenheim GmbH InigiteinTs. 1985, X, 338 S., DM 72,-, ISBN 3-445-02399-9.

Sawaragi, Y.; H. Nakayama; T. Tanino: Theory of Multi-objective Optimization. Mathematics in Science and Engineering. 176. Academic Press Orlando, San Diego, New York, London, Toronto 1985, 320 pp., $ 48.00, ISBN 0-12-620370-9.

Krämer, W.: Trend in ökonometrischen Modellen. Mathematical Systems in Economics. 93. Athenaum/Hain Konigstein 1985, 172 S., DM 48,-, ISBN 3-445-02386-7.     

抽象空间中非时齐马氏过程的分析理论(Ⅰ)——连续性、可微性及柯氏方程式

<正> 马氏过程的分析理论(这是主要指马氏过程的转移函数及其对应的半群的分析理论),是马氏过程基本理论的一个重要组成部分,对时齐的马氏过程的分析理论,不论其状态空间是可数的或一般的,国内外作者都进行过大量研究,得到过一系列结果.然而,对     

Carbon emissions and resources use by Chinese economy 2007: A 135-sector inventory and input–output embodiment

A 135-sector inventory and embodiment analysis for carbon emissions and resources use by Chinese economy 2007 is presented in this paper by an ecological input–output modeling based on the physical entry scheme. Included emissions and resources belong to six categories as: (1) greenhouse gas (GHG) in terms of CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O; (2) energy in terms of coal, crude oil, natural gas, hydropower, nuclear power, and firewood; (3) water in terms of freshwater; (4) exergy in terms of coal, crude oil, natural gas, grain, bean, tuber, cotton, peanut, rapeseed, sesame, jute, sugarcane, sugar beet, tobacco, silkworm feed, tea, fruits, vegetables, wood, bamboo, pulp, meat, egg, milk, wool, aquatic products, iron ore, copper ore, bauxite, lead ore, zinc ore, pyrite, phosphorite, gypsum, cement, nuclear fuel, and hydropower; (5) and (6) solar and cosmic emergies in terms of sunlight, wind power, deep earth heat, chemical power of rain, geopotential power of rain, chemical power of stream, geopotential power of stream, wave power, geothermal power, tide power, topsoil loss, coal, crude oil, natural gas, ferrous metal ore, non-ferrous metal ore, non-metal ore, cement, and nuclear fuel. Accounted based on the embodied intensities are carbon emissions and resources use embodied in the final use as rural consumption, urban consumption, government consumption, gross fixed capital formation, change in inventories, and export, as well as in the international trade balance. The resulted database is basic to environmental account of carbon emissions and resources use at various levels.     

On Stability and Convergence of the Finite Difference Methods for the Nonlinear Pseudo-Parabolic System

In this paper, we deal with the finite difference method for the initial boundary value problem of the nonlinear pseudo-parabolic system $(-1)^Mu_t+A(x,t,u,u_x,\cdots,u_x 2M-1)u_x2M_t=F(x,t,u,u_x,\cdots,u_x 2M)$,$u_xk(o,t)=\psi_{0k}(t), u_xk(L,t)=\psi_{1k}(t),k=0,1,\cdots,M-1,u(x,0)=\phi (x)$ in the rectangular domain $D=[0\leq X\leq L,0\leq t\leq T]$, where $u(x,t)=(u_1(x,t),u_2(x,t),\cdots,u_m(x,t)),\phi (x),\psi_{0k}(t),\psi_{1k}(t),F(x,t,u,u_x,\cdots,u_x 2M)$ are $m$-dimensional vector functions, and $A(x,t,u,u_x,\cdots,u_x2M-1)$ is an $m\times m$ positive definite matrix. The existence and uniqueness of solution for the finite difference system are proved by fixed-point theory. Stability, convergence and error estimates are derived.     

一类不定方程组的解的个数

本文将证明以下结论:设m为正整数,当(a,c,δ)取(m,m+1,-1),(m,m+ 2,-2),(m,m+4,-4),或者(m+2,m,2)时,联立的不定方程组■的正整数解(x,y,z)的个数不超过1。     

On codes from cyclotomic fields for multidimensional signals

This paper derives an algorithm for constructing codes overfinite fields of the algebraic integer ring of the cyclotomicfield Q(e^2i/n) modulo irreducible elements with the norm p²,where n {3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20,21, 24, 25, 27, 28, 32, 33, 35, 36, 40, 44, 45, 48, 60, 84},where p x n and p is a prime number.     

L—Fuzzy命题逻辑系统的语构分层方案

建立一种L－Fuzzy命题逻辑的语构分层构造,引进诸如λ－信息,λ－公理系,λ－语构,λ－证明,λ－定理,λ－语构结论,λ－语构闭包,λ－紧性,,上L－Fuzzy语构闭包,下Fuzzy语构闭包,λ－语构分层和谐,语构分层和谐,强语构分层和谐等新的观念和方法,从而L－Fuzzy命题逻辑语构和语义分层次的程度化的和谐性度量提供了一种方案。     

Hybrid unified theory

We shall investigate, in this paper, theories related to mind, consciousness, life, evolution, existence, non-existence, cosmology, quantum fields, quantum jump, Big Bang, and higher reality. A hybrid unification between ancient and modern discoveries is discussed with a view to shedding some light on the existing theories and strengthening them.     

一般对角同余式的解的个数

设Ｐ为素数,ｎ,ｒ以及１ｌ２…,ｌｒ均为正整数,ａ１,ａ２,…,ａｒ及ｂ均为整数,诸ａｉ,ｌｉ均与ｐ互素．本文给出一般对角同余式ａ１ｘ１ｌ１＋ａ２ｘ２ｌ２＋…＋ａｒｘｒｌｒ＝ｂ（ｍｏｄｐｎ）的解数公式．     

环的(k,l,m,n)一根

Brown和McCoy在文[1]中建立了(F,Ω)-群的根理论,并由此考察了环的BrownMcCoy-根及其它一些根,根据这一方法,Szsz在文[2]中引进了环的(k,l,m,n)-根,其中k,l,m,n是任意的非负整数,并证明了环的Brown-McCoy根与(1,1,1,1)-根,(1,1     

Constructing difference families through an optimization approach: Six new BIBDs

In this paper we formulate the construction of difference families as a combinatorial optimization problem. A tabu search algorithm is used to find an optimal solution to the optimization problem for various instances of difference families. In particular, we construct six new difference families which lead to an equal number of new balanced incomplete block designs with parameters: (49, 98, 18, 9, 3), (61, 122, 20, 10, 3), (46, 92, 20, 10, 4), (45, 90, 22, 11, 5), (85, 255, 24, 8, 2) and (34, 85, 30, 12, 10). © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Combin Designs 8: 261–273, 2000     

基于ISM的地震灾后恢复重建影响因素分析

地震灾后恢复重建是地震灾害受灾国的一项艰巨而繁重的工作任务.地震灾害的破坏性使恢复重建具有复杂性、不确定性和开放性的特点,因此地震灾后恢复重建影响因素不但具有复杂性,而且影响范围和程度也各不相同.引入ISM模型解决了地震灾后恢复重建影响因素多而杂的问题,在文献资料统计基础上构建地震灾后恢复重建影响因子解析结构模型.通过分析确定地震灾后恢复重建关键影响区素共16个:重建主体、重建经验、施工条件、物价、资金、工程成本、建材质量、施工工期、标准施工、检验维修、工程利用、公共服务、自然环境、运行经费、社会饵障、居民激励.该结论为政府优化地震灾后恢复重建工作,保证重建效果具有重要意义.     

Conflict-directed A and its role in model-based embedded systems

Artificial Intelligence has traditionally used constraint satisfaction and logic to frame a wide range of problems, including planning, diagnosis, cognitive robotics and embedded systems control. However, many decision making problems are now being re-framed as optimization problems, involving a search over a discrete space for the best solution that satisfies a set of constraints. The best methods for finding optimal solutions, such as A^*, explore the space of solutions one state at a time. This paper introduces conflict-directed A^*, a method for solving optimal constraint satisfaction problems. Conflict-directed A^* searches the state space in best first order, but accelerates the search process by eliminating subspaces around each state that are inconsistent. This elimination process builds upon the concepts of conflict and kernel diagnosis used in model-based diagnosis [J. de Kleer, B.C. Williams, Diagnosing multiple faults, Artif. Intell. 32(1) (1987) 97-130; J. de Kleer, A. Mackworth, R. Reiter, Characterizing diagnoses and systems, Artif. Intell. 56 (1992) 197-222] and in dependency-directed search [R. Stallman, G.J. Sussman, Forward reasoning and dependency-directed backtracking in a system for computer-aided circuit analysis, Artif. Intell. 9 (1977) 135-196; J. Gaschnig, Performance measurement and analysis of certain search algorithms, Technical Report CMU-CS-79-124, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 1979; J. de Kleer, B.C. Williams, Back to backtracking: controlling the ATMS, in: Proceedings of AAAI-86, 1986, pp. 910-917; M. Ginsberg, Dynamic backtracking, J. Artif. Intell. Res. 1 (1993) 25-46]. Conflict-directed A^* is a fundamental tool for building model-based embedded systems, and has been used to solve a range of problems, including fault isolation [J. de Kleer, B.C. Williams, Diagnosing multiple faults, Artif. Intell. 32(1) (1987) 97-130], diagnosis [J. de Kleer, B.C. Williams, Diagnosis with behavioral modes, in: Proceedings of IJCAI-89, 1989, pp. 1324-1330], mode estimation and repair [B.C. Williams, P. Nayak, A model-based approach to reactive self-configuring systems, in: Proceedings of AAAI-96, 1996, pp. 971-978], model-compilation [B.C. Williams, P. Nayak, A reactive planner for a model-based executive, in: Proceedings of IJCAI-97, 1997] and model-based programming [M. Ingham, R. Ragno, B.C. Williams, A reactive model-based programming language for robotic space explorers, in: Proceedings of ISAIRAS-01, 2001].     

When is an L(B, m, n, r, s, t, z, w) loop SRAR?

In [5, 6], the second author and D. A. ROBINSON initiated a study of non-Moufang Bol loops with the property that over a field, necessarily of characteristic 2, their loop rings satisfy the right, but not the left, Bol identity. They called such loops SRAR and showed that the family of SRAR loops includes those Bol loops which have a unique non-identity commutator/associator. In [4, 2], the current authors presented a construction for a new class of Bol loops denoted L(B,m,n,r,s,t,z,w) with initial data a given (possibly associative) Bol loop B, elements, r, s, t, z and w in the centre of B, and integers m and n.     

拟线性常微分方程组边值问题的奇摄动

本文研究拟线性常微分方程组边值问题x′=f(t,x,y,ε),εy″=g(t,x,y,ε)y′+h(t,x,y,ε), x(0,ε)=A(ε),y(0,ε)=B(ε),y(1,ε)=C(ε)的奇摄动.其中x,f,y,h,A,B和C均属于Rn和g是对角矩阵.在适当的假设下,利用对角化技巧和微分不等式理论获得了解的存在和它的按分量逐个一致有效的估计.     

一个随机偏差定理

设{Xn，n≥0}是可列非齐次马尔可夫链，Sn（i0，i1，…，im-1，ω）表示m元状态序组（i0，i1，…，im-1）在序列（X0，X1，…，Xm-1），（X1，X2，…，Xm），…，（Xn-1，Xn，…，Xn＋m-2）中出现的次数.本文给出了关于Sn（i0，i1，…，im-1，ω）的一个对任意可列非齐次马尔可夫链普遍成立的随机偏差定理，即用不等式表示的一个强极限定理.