均值-ES框架下带交易费用的资本资产市场中均衡价格的存在性与确定

探讨具有有限多个风险资产和一个无风险资产、有多个投资者参与的资本资产市场中非负均衡价格的存在性条件与确定问题,从以下角度改进了现有结果:采用期望损失(Expected shortfall,简称ES)作为风险度量,保证了均值-ES框架下所得结果与期望效用极大化原理结果的一致性;对证券收益的联合分布不做假设;考虑了比例交易费用对价格的影响,所得结果更贴近现实的金融市场;不仅给出了非负均衡价格存在唯一的充要条件,而且导出了其具体表达式;在对比分析其与现有结果异同的同时,还讨论了所给充要条件与定价公式的应用与经济解释.     

带风险指数的金融均衡的存在性定理及其结构特征（上）

本文主要论证了在不完全市场条件下带风险指数的金融均衡的存在性，并揭示其均衡结构的特征．本文中建立的模型是一、二期货币投入产出金融经济且具有可微的资产结构，这一模型包括了许多具有特殊资产结构的均衡模型，如实资产结构、应资产结构、恒秩资产结构的均衡模型．因此本文的这一模型具有广泛的应用前景和实用价值．接着给出了本文的金融均衡的存在性定理，再借助微分拓扑给出它的证明过程，这一证明过程较之以前证明均衡存在性的经典方法（如Ｄｕｆｆｉｅ，Ｄ＆Ｗ．Ｓｈｆｅｒ（１９８５）的方法）要简便得多．同时也应注意到本文的这一结论既适用于资产市场下含随机风险因素的情形，也适用于商品空间为无限维的情形．除此之外，还给出了怎样判别资产结构是否属于Ｔ类的判别法，为检验均衡存在性提供了更为便利的途径．最后，本文论证了在金融市场里，尽管由于稀缺性的存在，从而导致均衡分配的多样化，然而均衡分配集却形成了一光滑子流，但该流形的维数与稀缺性有关．换句话说，尽管市场是不完全的，但均衡分配不确定性的度却是可比的．如此使得人们对均衡资产结构的认识更进一步．     

带风险指数的金融均衡的存在性定理及其结构特征(下)

本文主要论证了在不完全市场条件下带风险指数的金融均衡的存在性，并揭示其均衡结构的特征．本文中建立的模型是一、二期货币投入产出金融经济且具有可微的资产结构，这一模型包括了许多具有特殊资产结构的均衡模型，如实资产结构、虚资产结构、恒秩资产结构的均衡模型．因此本文的这一模型具有广泛的应用前景和实用价值．接着给出了本文的金融均衡的存在性定理，再借助微分拓扑给出它的证明过程，这一证明过程较之以前证明均衡存在性的经典方法（如Duffie，D＆W．Shfer（1985）的方法）要简便得多．同时也应注意到本文的这一结论既适用于资产市场下会随机风险因素的情形，也适用于商品空间为无限维的情形，除此之外，还给出了怎样判别资产结构是否属于T类的判别法，为检验均衡存在性提供了更为便利的途径．最后，本文论证了在金融市场里，尽管由于稀缺性的存在，从而导致均衡分配的多样化，然而均衡分配集却形成了一光滑子流，但该流形的维数与稀缺性有关．换句话说，尽管市场是不完全的，但均市分配不确定性的反却是可比的．如此使得人们对均衡资产结构的认识更进一步．     

极大极小投资组合选择模型和均衡价格系统

讨论了市场上不存在无风险资产条件下投资组合选择的极大极小模型,推导出市场上不存在无风险资产时极大极小模型的最优投资策略和有效前沿,得到了资本市场均衡时存在唯一的非负均衡价格系统的充分必要条件和各资产均衡价格的解析表达式.     

基于投资者情绪的市场均衡分析

在行为金融研究框架下,通过分析情绪投资者与理性投资者的市场均衡条件,构建基于投资者情绪的资产定价模型,并对模型进行了数值模拟。结果表明,投资者情绪是影响资产价格的重要因素:被情绪投资者高估的资产,其回报将下降;被情绪投资者低估的资产,其回报将增加;资产回报的变化程度与情绪投资者卖出低估资产的份额正相关,与资产预期回报金额的相关系数负相关;并且,乐观情绪与悲观情绪对资产价格的作用是非对称的。     

不完全实物资产市场一般货币均衡的性质(英文)

本文讨论不完全实物资产市场一般货币均衡．我们考察货币作为交换媒介的作用并且通过（规范化的）（无套利）GEI均衡与（规范化的）（无套利）一般货币均衡的等价性证明不完全实物资产市场货币交换经济一般货币均衡的性质，即普适存在性、有限性和正则性．     

离散时间多期机构投资者之间的竞争与资产专门化

研究了两个风险厌恶的竞争的机构投资者之间的离散时间最优投资选择博弈模型,每个机构投资者都考虑其竞争对手的相对业绩.机构投资者可以投资于相同的无风险资产和不同的具有相关关系的风险股票,以反映投资的资产专门化.机构投资者选择动态投资策略使得终端绝对财富和相对财富的加权和的期望效用最大.首先,定义了Nash均衡投资策略.其次,在资产专门化和机构投资者具有指数效用函数下,得到了Nash均衡投资策略和值函数的显示表达式,分析了机构投资者之间的竞争对Nash均衡投资策略和值函数的影响.然后,在资产分散化和股票的收益率服从正态分布下,得到了Nash均衡投资策略和值函数的显示表达式,给出了Nash均衡投资策略和值函数与模型主要参数之间的关系.最后,通过数值计算给出了机构投资者采取专门化投资策略,还是分散化投资策略的条件.结果表明机构投资者之间的竞争会影响其对风险的承担,投资机会集对机构投资者的Nash均衡投资策略和值函数会产生很大的影响.     

伪拟均衡集的拓扑性质

在不完全的实在资产市场的纯交换经济模型中，证明了存在初始持有空间和资产结构空间的乘积空间的稠密开集，在这个开集上，伪拟均衡集是固有的光滑流形．     

有偿付约束的无限期资产经济均衡的存在性

本文通过一个简单的模型证明了有偿付约束的无限期资产经济均衡存在性,所用条件与已有文献相比更加简明．这一研究可望为我们今后研究无限期经济提供方向：同时也可以更好地理解偿付约束（或保证金制度）在资本市场中的作用     

具有不完全信息的内部交易动态博弈

在Kyle模型中的线性均衡假设进行了修正的基础上,针对内部交易者只具有资产价值不完全信息情况,建立两期风险厌恶型内部交易均衡模型,并求得该模型的子博弈纳什均衡解.由此发现资产价值不完信息中噪音对市场干扰程度愈小(波动程度愈小),就愈有利于内部交易者的收益;内部交易者的交易就愈活跃;交易均衡价格包含资产价值信息就愈多.     

跳扩散模型下的非零和随机微分投资组合博弈

现实经济中,当股票价格受到一些重大信息影响而发生突发性的跳跃时,用跳扩散过程来描述股票价格的趋势更符合实际情况。基于这一观察,本文研究跳扩散模型下包含两个投资者的非零和投资组合博弈问题。假设金融市场中包含一种无风险资产和一种风险资产,其中风险资产的价格动态用跳扩散模型来描述。将该非零和博弈问题构造成两个效用最大化问题,每个投资者的目标是最大化终端时刻自身财富与其竞争对手财富差的均值-方差效用。运用随机控制理论,得到了均衡投资策略以及相应值函数的解析表达。最后通过数值仿真算例分析了模型相关参数变动对均衡投资策略的影响。仿真结果显示:当股价发生不连续跳跃,投资者在构造投资策略时考虑跳跃风险可以显著增加其效用水平;同时,随着博弈竞争的加剧,投资者为了在竞争中取得更好的表现,往往会采取更加激进的投资策略,增加对风险资产的投资。     

Heston随机波动率模型下带负债的投资组合博弈

本文研究了Heston随机波动模型下两个投资人之间的随机微分投资组合博弈问题。假设金融市场上存在价格过程服从常微分方程的无风险资产和价格过程服从Heston随机波动率模型的风险资产。该博弈问题被构造成两个效用最大化问题,每个投资者的目标是最大化终止时刻个人财富与竞争对手财富差的效用。首先,我们应用动态规划原理,得出了相应值函数所满足的HJB方程。然后,得到了在幂期望效用框架下非零和博弈的均衡投资策略和值函数的显式表达。最后,借助数值模拟,分析了模型中的参数对均衡投资策略和值函数的影响,从而为资产负债管理提供一定的理论指导。     

Wealth optimization and dual problems for jump stock dynamics with stochastic factor

An incomplete financial market is considered with a risky asset and a bond. The risky asset price is a pure jump process whose dynamics depends on a jump-diffusion stochastic factor describing the activity of other markets, macroeconomics factors or microstructure rules that drive the market. With a stochastic control approach, maximization of the expected utility of terminal wealth is discussed for utility functions of constant relative risk aversion type. Under suitable assumptions, closed form solutions for the value functions and for the optimal strategy are provided and verification results are discussed. Moreover, the solution to the dual problems associated with the utility maximization problems is derived.     

Equilibrium price as a coincidence point of two mappings

The existence of an equilibrium price vector in a nonlinear market model is analyzed. In the model, the demand and supply functions are obtained by maximizing the producer utility and profit, respectively. Sufficient conditions for the existence of an equilibrium price vector and its stability with respect to small perturbations in the model are given. The results are consequences of theorems on the existence and stability of coincidence points in the theory of α-covering mappings.     

Utility maximization under risk constraints and incomplete information for a market with a change point

In this article, we consider an optimization problem of expected utility maximization of continuous-time trading in a financial market. This trading is constrained by a benchmark for a utility-based shortfall risk measure. The market consists of one asset whose price process is modelled by a Geometric Brownian motion where the market parameters change at a random time. The information flow is modelled by initially and progressively enlarged filtrations which represent the knowledge about the price process, the Brownian motion and the random time. We solve the maximization problem and give the optimal terminal wealth depending on these different filtrations for general utility functions by using martingale representation results for the corresponding filtration.     

允许卖空的资本市场中存在非负均衡价格向量的充要条件

For the capital market satisfying standard assumptions that are widely adopted in the equilibrium analysis,a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence and uniqueness of a nonnegative equilibrium price vector that clears the mean-variance capital market with short sale allowed is derived. Moreover, the given explicit formula for the equilibrium price shows clearly the relationship between prices of assets and statistical properties of the rate of return on assets, the desired rates of return of individual investors as well as other economic quantities.The economic implication of the derived condition is briefly discussed. These results improve the available results about the equilibrium analysis of the mean-variance market.     

Worst-case portfolio optimization with proportional transaction costs

We study optimal asset allocation in a crash-threatened financial market with proportional transaction costs. The market is assumed to be either in a normal state, in which the risky asset follows a geometric Brownian motion, or in a crash state, in which the price of the risky asset can suddenly drop by a certain relative amount. We only assume the maximum number and the maximum relative size of the crashes to be given and do not make any assumptions about their distributions. For every investment strategy, we identify the worst-case scenario in the sense that the expected utility of terminal wealth is minimized. The objective is then to determine the investment strategy which yields the highest expected utility in its worst-case scenario. We solve the problem for utility functions with constant relative risk aversion using a stochastic control approach. We characterize the value function as the unique viscosity solution of a second-order nonlinear partial differential equation. The optimal strategies are characterized by time-dependent free boundaries which we compute numerically. The numerical examples suggest that it is not optimal to invest any wealth in the risky asset close to the investment horizon, while a long position in the risky asset is optimal if the remaining investment period is sufficiently large.     

The Dynamic Interaction of Speculation and Diversification

A discrete time model of a financial market is developed, in which heterogeneous interacting groups of agents allocate their wealth between two risky assets and a riskless asset. In each period each group formulates its demand for the risky assets and the risk‐free asset according to myopic mean‐variance maximizazion. The market consists of two types of agents: fundamentalists, who hold an estimate of the fundamental values of the risky assets and whose demand for each asset is a function of the deviation of the current price from the fundamental, and chartists, a group basing their trading decisions on an analysis of past returns. The time evolution of the prices is modelled by assuming the existence of a market maker, who sets excess demand of each asset to zero at the end of each trading period by taking an offsetting long or short position, and who announces the next period prices as functions of the excess demand for each asset and with a view to long‐run market stability. The model is reduced to a seven‐dimensional nonlinear discrete‐time dynamical system, that describes the time evolution of prices and agents' beliefs about expected returns, variances and correlation. The unique steady state of the model is determined and the local asymptotic stability of the equilibrium is analysed, as a function of the key parameters that characterize agents' behaviour. In particular it is shown that when chartists update their expectations sufficiently fast, then the stability of the equilibrium is lost through a supercritical Neimark–Hopf bifurcation, and self‐sustained price fluctuations along an attracting limit cycle appear in one or both markets. Global analysis is also performed, by using numerical techniques, in order to understand the role played by the chartists' behaviour in the transition to a regime characterized by irregular oscillatory motion and coexistence of attractors. It is also shown how changes occurring in one market may affect the price dynamics of the alternative risky asset, as a consequence of the dynamic updating of agents' portfolios.     

Robust equilibrium reinsurance-investment strategy for a mean–variance insurer in a model with jumps

This paper analyzes the equilibrium strategy of a robust optimal reinsurance-investment problem under the mean–variance criterion in a model with jumps for an ambiguity-averse insurer (AAI) who worries about model uncertainty. The AAI’s surplus process is assumed to follow the classical Cramér–Lundberg model, and the AAI is allowed to purchase proportional reinsurance or acquire new business and invest in a financial market to manage her risk. The financial market consists of a risk-free asset and a risky asset whose price process is described by a jump-diffusion model. By applying stochastic control theory, we establish the corresponding extended Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) system of equations. Furthermore, we derive both the robust equilibrium reinsurance-investment strategy and the corresponding equilibrium value function by solving the extended HJB system of equations. In addition, some special cases of our model are provided, which show that our model and results extend some existing ones in the literature. Finally, the economic implications of our findings are illustrated, and utility losses from ignoring model uncertainty, jump risks and prohibiting reinsurance are analyzed using numerical examples.