基于SARIMA、GM(1,1)和BP神经网络集成模型的GDP时间序列预测研究

本文深入分析了灰色预测模型、自回归移动平均(ARIMA)模型和BP神经网络模型的预测特性和优劣,并在此基础上建立了由ARIMA、GM(1,1)和BP神经网络集成的时间序列预测模型。针对呈现趋势变动性和周期波动性二重特性的时间序列,首先建立GM(1,1)模型对序列的趋势项进行预测,然后建立基于ARIMA和BP神经网络的组合模型对序列的周期波动项进行预测,最后用乘积模型对二者预测值进行集成。GDP时间序列实证结果表明:集成模型的预测效果显著高于单一模型,从而证实了集成模型用于GDP预测的有效性.     

基于径向基函数神经网络的流程企业供应链预测仿真

本文在比较预测方法的基础上，采用径向基函数（RBF）神经网络技术建立流程企业供应链预测模型，进行了实例预测仿真，并将预测结果与BP网络的预测结果进行了比较。结果表明，RBF网络误差小于BP网络，其中平方根RBF网络的预测仿真误差最小，而BP网络的误差最大。     

基于动态BP网络误差修正的广义预测控制

针对建模误差对非线性系统预测控制鲁棒性的影响 ,提出了一种基于动态 BP网络的广义预测控制算法 .该算法运用动态 BP网络对模型预测误差进行在线补偿 ,以提高预测精度 .仿真结果证明了本文提出的广义预测控制算法对于非线性系统是有效的     

经济时间序列的连续参数小波网络预测模型

本文利用连续小波变换方法,给出一种连续参数小波网络。网络参数的学习采用一种类似神经网络的后向传播学习算法的随机梯度算法。另外,提出了一种借助小波分析理论指导网络参数赋初值的方法。进一步,通过对中国进出口贸易额时间序列预测建模的研究和仿真预测,提出了用连续参数小波网络建立经济时间序列预测模型的一般步骤和方法。预测结果表明,此模型具有较好的泛化、学习能力,可以有效地在数值上逼近时间序列难以定量描述的相互关系,所以利用连续参数小波网络建立的时间序列预测模型有较高的预测精度。     

基于BP神经网络的时间序列预测问题研究

分析指出了基于标准BP神经网络的时间序列预测问题存在的不足.根据基于BP神经网络的时间序列预测问题的特点,研究给出了一种以y=x作为传递函数的时间序列预测方法,经实例验证表明,给出的以y=x作为传递函数的时间序列预测方法较基于标准BP神经网络的时间序列预测方法具有较好的结果.     

基于GRA-CS-BP算法的期货价格预测

针对在采用BP神经网络进行期货价格预测时,存在的模型结构复杂,易陷入局部极小值,模型无法收敛问题.考虑从网络结构和网络参数两个方面对BP网络模型进行优化,由此提出基于GRA-CS-BP算法的期货价格预测方法.首先用灰色关联度分析法进行输入变量筛选,找出和预测价格关联度大的重要因素作为网络输入,简化网络模型整体结构.然后采用布谷鸟算法对网络权阈值参数进行优化,将经过选择优化后建立的BP神经网络模型用于期货价格预测.仿真结果表明,新模型不仅具有更高的预测精度,同时其运行的稳定性也要好于单纯BP神经网络模型,为期货价格预测提出了一种新的方法.     

BP网络和RBF网络在期货预测中的比较研究

通过仿真实例,对BP网络和RBF网络在期货预测应用上的表现性能进行了比较研究,仿真结果表明,BP网络更适合于期货市场价格预测.实际的期货预测应用中,此结论可指导神经网络模型的选择.     

基于网络搜索信息的多模态数据驱动航空客流集成预测

为了对机场旅客吞吐量进行更高精度的预测，提出了一种基于网络搜索信息的“分解-重构-集成”组合预测新方法。首先，采用平均影响值和时差相关分析法对机场旅客吞吐量相关的网络搜索关键词进行筛选，合成综合搜索指数。其次，利用改进的自适应白噪声完备集合经验模态分解(ICEEMDAN)方法分别将机场旅客吞吐量和综合搜索指数分解为若干子模态序列，依据子序列的样本熵值重构为高、中、低频序列。以搜索指数中的不同频率成分作为辅助输入信息，分别对机场旅客吞吐量的高频和中频序列采用麻雀搜索算法优化的BP神经网络(SSA-BP)模型进行预测，而低频序列采用自回归分布滞后模型进行预测，最后将不同频率序列预测值用SSA-BP模型进行综合集成得到最终的预测值。通过实证发现，该组合预测新方法能显著提高预测的精度，并表现出较好的鲁棒性。     

基于二次优化BP神经网络的期货价格预测

针对BP算法存在的不足,结合神经网络、遗传算法和主成分分析的优点,提出基于二次优化BP神经网络的期货价格预测算法.初次优化采用主成分分析法对网络结构进行优化,第二次优化采用自适应遗传算法对网络参数进行优化,将经过二次优化后建立的BP神经网络模型用于期货价格预测.经仿真检验,用新方法建立的模型对期货价格进行预测,在预测的精度和速度方面都优于单纯BP神经网络模型.     

BP-GA混合优化策略在人力资源战略规划中的应用

采用混合优化策略训练神经网络,进而实现地区人力资源数据的时间序列预测.神经网络,尤其是应用反向传播(back propagation,简称BP)算法训练的神经网络,被广泛应用于预测中.但是BP神经网络训练速度慢、容易陷入局部极值.遗传算法(genetic algorithm,简称GA)具有很好的全局寻优性.因而提出将BP和GA结合起来的混合优化策略训练神经网络,来实现人力资源数据预测.与BP算法相比,数值计算结果表明预测精度高、速度快,为地区人力资源数据的时间序列预测研究提供了一条新的途径.     

Bayesian forecasting with the Holt–Winters model

Exponential smoothing methods are widely used as forecasting techniques in inventory systems and business planning, where reliable prediction intervals are also required for a large number of series. This paper describes a Bayesian forecasting approach based on the Holt–Winters model, which allows obtaining accurate prediction intervals. We show how to build them incorporating the uncertainty due to the smoothing unknowns using a linear heteroscedastic model. That linear formulation simplifies obtaining the posterior distribution on the unknowns; a random sample from such posterior, which is not analytical, is provided using an acceptance sampling procedure and a Monte Carlo approach gives the predictive distributions. On the basis of this scheme, point-wise forecasts and prediction intervals are obtained. The accuracy of the proposed Bayesian forecasting approach for building prediction intervals is tested using the 3003 time series from the M3-competition.     

基于灰色加权马尔可夫链的移动通信市场预测

在传统的用灰色预测模型预测的方法基础上,建立了灰色加权马尔可夫链模型.以中国移动通信市场预测作为实例,介绍了使用这种模型的方法与步骤.灰色加权马尔可夫链模型既考虑了从时间序列中挖掘数据的演变规律,又通过规范化各阶自相关系数为权重,用加权的马尔可夫转移概率矩阵的变换,考虑数据的随机波动,具有严密的科学性,能较好地应用于中国移动通信市场的预测.     

基于NEGM(1,1)模型的因果预测方法及应用研究

非等间隔时间序列在工程技术问题中是常见的.研究了一类非等间隔广义时间序列的预测问题,也就是将因果预测模型中的自变量作为广义时间,应用NEGM(1,1)模型将因果预测转化为时间序列预测,并应用空军航材消耗实例进行了模型检验.实践表明本文的方法具有广泛的使用价值.     

基于时间序列与灰色拓扑的春节火灾损失预测

火灾每年给中国带来了巨大的损失,春节期间的火灾损失更是严重.根据1999-2010年春节期间火灾统计资料,火灾四项指标数据具有时序性以及随机波动性、模糊性.运用时间序列与灰色拓扑预测方法相结合预测春节期间火灾发生规律,且预测出未来3年内的火灾发生情况.结果表明,时间序列预测模型的平均绝对误差较小,且所建立的灰色拓扑预测模型的拟合精度都达到"好"的标准.因此,采用时间序列与灰色拓扑预测模型相结合对春节火灾发生情况进行预测,其结果合理可靠,可供理论研究和消防部门做出相应的预防措施参考,以达到有效控制和预防春节火灾的目的.     

Extended and Unscented Kalman filtering based feedforward neural networks for time series prediction

With the ability to deal with high non-linearity, artificial neural networks (ANNs) and support vector machines (SVMs) have been widely studied and successfully applied to time series prediction. However, good fitting results of ANNs and SVMs to nonlinear models do not guarantee an equally good prediction performance. One main reason is that their dynamics and properties are changing with time, and another key problem is the inherent noise of the fitting data. Nonlinear filtering methods have some advantages such as handling additive noises and following the movement of a system when the underlying model is evolving through time. The present paper investigates time series prediction algorithms by using a combination of nonlinear filtering approaches and the feedforward neural network (FNN). The nonlinear filtering model is established by using the FNN’s weights to present state equation and the FNN’s output to present the observation equation, and the input vector to the FNN is composed of the predicted signal with given length, then the extended Kalman filtering (EKF) and Unscented Kalman filtering (UKF) are used to online train the FNN. Time series prediction results are presented by the predicted observation value of nonlinear filtering approaches. To evaluate the proposed methods, the developed techniques are applied to the predictions of one simulated Mackey-Glass chaotic time series and one real monthly mean water levels time series. Generally, the prediction accuracy of the UKF-based FNN is better than the EKF-based FNN when the model is highly nonlinear. However, comparing from prediction accuracy and computational effort based on the prediction model proposed in our study, we draw the conclusion that the EKF-based FNN is superior to the UKF-based FNN for the theoretical Mackey-Glass time series prediction and the real monthly mean water levels time series prediction.     

基于支持向量机的混沌时间序列模型在房产价格指数预测中的应用

针对房产价格指数的预测问题,建立了混沌时间序列的支持向量机的非线性预测模型.首先运用Cao氏法进行相空间重构,并利用改进型小数据量法计算最大的Lyapunov指数,分析上海房产价格指数时间序列的混沌特性.然后以最小嵌入维数作为支持向量机的输入节点,建立房地价格指数的预测模型.实例表明,该方法能较好地处理复杂的房地产数据,具有较高的泛化能力和很好的预测精度.     

基于自回归XGBoost时序模型的GDP预测实证

GDP是反映一个国家国民收入、居民消费能力和经济发展的重要宏观经济指标,也是制定相关经济政策的重要依据.选择合适的统计方法研究GDP的发展变化规律,进行短期的高精度预测,对我国的宏观经济决策具有重要意义.研究选用基于自回归的XGBoost时序模型对我国1978-2018年GDP进行拟合预测,Rstudio软件运行结果显示,XGBoost时序模型比经典的时间序列预测模型ARIMA模型、BP神经网络模型、贝叶斯时序模型具有更高的预测精度.在此基础上,运用XGBoost时序模型对我国2019-2023年的GDP进行短期预测,研究结果显示,未来5年我国GDP依然保持持续稳定增长趋势.     

低维混沌时序非线性动力系统的预测方法及其应用研究

主要研究由低维混沌时序所确定的非线性动力系统的预测方法及其应用。在国外学者研究工作的基础上,应用一种非线性混沌模型在相空间内对时序进行重构工作,先通过改进的最小二乘方法来估计模型的参数,满足一定精度后,再采用最优化方法来估计模型的参数,并用所求得的混沌时序模型在其相空间内对时序的未来值进行预测。给出了非常有代表性的实例对文中模型和算法进行验证。结果发现采用该算法能较准确地求得模型的参数,在相空间中对混沌时序进行预测,将传统方法中的外推变成了相空间中的内插,及选取最佳的模型阶数等工作都能增加预测的准确程度,且混沌时序不可能进行长期的预测。     

Multi-step prediction of time series with random missing data

Multi-step prediction is still an open challenge in time series prediction. Moreover, practical observations are often incomplete because of sensor failure or outliers causing missing data. Therefore, it is very important to carry out research on multi-step prediction of time series with random missing data. Based on nonlinear filters and multilayer perceptron artificial neural networks (ANNs), one novel approach for multi-step prediction of time series with random missing data is proposed in the study. With the basis of original nonlinear filters which do not consider the missing data, first we obtain the generalized nonlinear filters by using a sequence of independent Bernoulli random variables to model random interruptions. Then the multi-step prediction model of time series with random missing data, which can be fit for the online training of generalized nonlinear filters, is established by using the ANN’s weights to present the state vector and the ANN’s outputs to present the observation equation. The performance between the original nonlinear filters based ANN model for multi-step prediction of time series with missing data and the generalized nonlinear filters based ANN model for multi-step prediction of time series with missing data is compared. Numerical results have demonstrated that the generalized nonlinear filters based ANN are proportionally superior to the original nonlinear filters based ANN for multi-step prediction of time series with missing data.     

Evolutionary learning of fuzzy grey cognitive maps for the forecasting of multivariate,interval-valued time series

Time series are built as a result of real-valued observations ordered in time; however, in some cases, the values of the observed variables change significantly, and those changes do not produce useful information. Therefore, within defined periods of time, only those bounds in which the variables change are considered. The temporal sequence of vectors with the interval-valued elements is called a ‘multivariate interval-valued time series.’ In this paper, the problem of forecasting such data is addressed. It is proposed to use fuzzy grey cognitive maps (FGCMs) as a nonlinear predictive model. Using interval arithmetic, an evolutionary algorithm for learning FGCMs is developed, and it is shown how the new algorithm can be applied to learn FGCMs on the basis of historical time series data. Experiments with real meteorological data provided evidence that, for properly-adjusted learning and prediction horizons, the proposed approach can be used effectively to the forecasting of multivariate, interval-valued time series. The domain-specific interpretability of the FGCM-based model that was obtained also is confirmed.