向量平衡问题ε—解集的拓扑性质

本文证明了向量平衡问题近似解的存在性结果，此结果也用于集值映射下的变分不等式，同时给出了平衡问题解与近似解的一些拓扑性质。     

几类微分-代数方程的神经网络求解法

在非线性科学中，寻求微分方程的近似解析解一直是重要的研究课题和研究热点.利用人工神经网络原理，结合最优化方法，研究了几类微分-代数方程的近似解析解，包括指标1，2，3型Hessenberg方程及指标3型Euler-Lagrange方程，得到了方程近似解析解的表达式.通过与精确解或Runge-Kutta(龙格-库塔)数值计算结果对比，表明神经网络方法的结果有很高的精度.     

一类非线性方程边值问题的匹配渐近解

利用匹配方法考虑了一类非线性方程边值问题的角层解.首先,由退化问题来决定问题的角层的位置.然后,构造零次近似的外部解和零次近似的内层解,并且对零次近似的外部解和零次近似的内层解进行匹配,由此便得到解的零次近似的形式合成展开式.继而构造一次近似的外部解和一次内层解,并且对一次近似的外部解和一次近似的内层解进行匹配,由此便得到解的一次近似的形式合成展开式.最后利用微分不等式理论证明了得到的一次近似的合成展开式是一致有效的渐近展开式.     

希氏空间中算子样条插值及算子方程的近似解

本文首先讨论希氏空间中由有界线性算子Ｔ确定的抽象插值样条（本文称Ｔ样条）的构造，通过引入新的内积得到Ｔ样条的投影特征和表达式．然后研究算子方程Ｔｘ＝ｙ的投影近似解和Ｔ样条近似解，并给出了两种近似解误差之间的关系．     

广义非线性变分包含的带误差的近似点算法

引入和研究了一类新的广义非线性变分包含．在Hilbert空间中利用与极大η-单调映象相联系的预解算子的性质，对新的广义非线性变分包含建立了一个新的寻求近似解的带误差的近似点算法，并证明了求近似解序列强收敛于精确解．其所得结果是近期相关结果的改进和推广．     

高维广义Kuramoto-Sivashinsky型方程全离散Fourier拟谱方法的大时间性态研究

在文~[1]中我们用Fourier拟谱方法讨论了广义Kuramoto-sivashinsky型方程的半离散近似解，得到了近似解的大时间误差估计、近似吸引子的存在性和收敛性。当进一步关于时间离散时，必须考虑全离散格式的大时间性态，由于原方程的解关于时间的导数u_1在t=     

向量优化问题局部近似解的等价性

主要研究两种不同序关系下向量优化问题的近似解.一种是正锥序关系下的近似解,另一种是多面体锥序关系下的近似解.针对这两种序关系下向量优化问题的近似解,建立了局部近似最优解和μ阶严格局部近似最优解之间的等价关系,同时构建了这两种序关系下近似有效点集之间的等价关系.     

二维Helmholtz方程不适定问题的一种算子软化正则法

本文研究带有混合边界的二维Helmholtz方程不适定问题.为了获得稳定的数值解，利用基于de la ValléePoussin算子的软化正则方法，得到了正则近似解，给出正则近似解与精确解之间在先验参数选取规则之下的误差估计，并通过数值实验检验了数据有噪声扰动时方法的有效性和稳定性.     

Urysohn方程数值解的一个高精度算法

Kumar和Sloan[1]及Atkinson,Flores[3]将配置法用于Hammerstein方程，并证明了在适当条件下近似解的迭代是超收敛的．这里针对于一般的vrysotri方程给出了一个近似解的迭代校正计算格式，证明了近似解不论是用什么方法求得的，在适当条件下迭代校正算法总具有超收敛性．将（1）     

Improved Quasi-Steady-State Approximation Analysis of Stefan Problems Under 2nd-Kind Boundary Conditions北大核心CSCD

基于准稳态近似方法,从热平衡角度出发,给出了直角坐标系和圆柱坐标系中恒定热流边界条件下传导型固液相变传热问题的无量纲近似解。对于直角坐标系情形,得到的改进型准稳态近似解精度高,且解的形式为显式表达式,相比于已有的隐式近似解更便于直接使用。对于圆柱坐标系的情形,所得到的近似解是目前文献公开报道的唯一的近似解。此改进型准稳态近似解弥补了传统准稳态近似方法不考虑显热的不足,提高了准稳态近似法的精度,丰富了固液相变传热问题的求解方法,物理意义明确,可用于实际应用问题的初步分析和计算。     

环境治理政策的减排、增效与结构优化效果动态评价

为测度环境治理政策波动对产出、减排、要素配置、消费与产业结构的影响及其传导机制,将异质性消费偏好、产出差异性、环境效用和环境损失函数引入E-DSGE模型。政策强度分析发现,技术进步、排污税和消费税政策效果较强,环境控制和治污支出冲击效果较弱。政策效应分析发现,技术进步政策效应最优,能实现增产和减排双重目标,促进要素配置和居民消费、产出与消费结构改进;排污税和政府治污支出政策次优,能实现增产和减排的双赢目标,促进要素供给和产出结构清洁化,不利于消费提升和消费结构优化;环境控制与消费税政策效果最差,以牺牲产出实现减排,不利于要素配置,产出与消费结构改进效果较弱,消费税会抑制居民消费,但消费税政策效果随环境友好型家庭比例提升而加强。     

乡村绿色生态旅游适宜等级VIKOR评估方法

针对乡村绿色生态旅游特征,并考虑旅游者个体感受与群体效益,本文从乡村绿色生态旅游开发与适宜评级概念出发,提出乡村绿色生态旅游适宜等级VIKOR评估模型与方法。首先,从等级评估的概念与内涵出发,刻画乡村绿色生态旅游适宜评级问题,避免混淆旅游适宜评级和排序两个本质不同的问题。然后,构建乡村绿色生态旅游适宜等级评估指标及隶属函数,提出评估指标的熵权确定方法。其次,提出乡村绿色生态旅游适宜等级VIKOR评估模型与二元语义等级评估方法。最后,通过案例研究和比较分析,说明本文所提模型与方法的合理性、可行性与实用性。     

Simulating the effect of nepotism on political risk taking and social unrest

Nepotism has been the primary influence on political behavior throughout human history. Despite the spread of democracy in the 20th century, nepotistic regimes have hardly disappeared. Nepotism heavily influences political activity throughout the developing world, Middle East, and central Asia where family ties are essential for gaining access to power, state resources, and privileges. Rebelling against such nepotistic regimes is difficult and risky. RiskTaker is an agent-based model we developed for testing the influences of various social forces on risk taking behavior, including the formulation of rebellious coalitions. We use RiskTaker to examine the influence of nepotism on the distribution of wealth and social status. Nepotism heavily skews the distribution of wealth and status, leading to the formation of opposing coalitions and exacerbating social unrest.This paper was tied for Best Paper, NAACSOS (North American Association for Computational Social and Organizational Science) Annual Conference 2005, June 26–28, Notre Dame. Robert Sedlmeyer, Department of Computer Science, Indiana University – Purdue University, Fort Wayne provided programming for the RiskTaker model. Lawrence A. Kuznar is a professor of anthropology and director of the Decision Sciences and Theory Institute at Indiana University—Purdue University, Fort Wayne. He has conducted fieldwork among Aymara Indians in Andean Peru and the Navajo of the American southwest. His research interests include computer modeling, theories of risk taking and conflict, terrorism, social evolution, and scientific epistemology. He has authored articles in Ecological Economics (with W. Frederick), Current Anthropology, American Anthropologist, Mathematical Anthropology and Culture Theory and Journal of Anthropological Research, and published two books (Awatimarka Harcourt Brace, 1995 and Reclaiming a Scientific Anthropology Altamira Press, 1997) and two edited volumes. William Frederick has served as a faculty member in the departments of mathematical sciences and the department of computer sciences at Indiana University—Purdue University, Fort Wayne since 1979. His primary interests include mathematical modeling, game theory, and genetic algorithms.     

Mechanics of Delaminations in Laminate Composite Structures

A survey of the literature and state of the art of the mechanical aspects of delaminations in laminate composite structures is presented. Surface and internal delaminations of various origin, shape, and location are discussed. The origination, stability, and postcritical behavior of delaminations under quasi-static, cyclic, and dynamic loads are analyzed. Some problems for further investigations are discussed.     

The generalized hierarchical product of graphs

A generalization of both the hierarchical product and the Cartesian product of graphs is introduced and some of its properties are studied. We call it the generalized hierarchical product. In fact, the obtained graphs turn out to be subgraphs of the Cartesian product of the corresponding factors. Thus, some well-known properties of this product, such as a good connectivity, reduced mean distance, radius and diameter, simple routing algorithms and some optimal communication protocols, are inherited by the generalized hierarchical product. Besides some of these properties, in this paper we study the spectrum, the existence of Hamiltonian cycles, the chromatic number and index, and the connectivity of the generalized hierarchical product.     

房地产业对中国经济真的那么重要吗？

为恰当评估房地产业对中国经济的重要性,通过编制2002、2007和2012年中国社会核算矩阵,进行乘数分解和结构化路径分析的结果表明:房地产业对行业总产出、劳动力和资本报酬、居民和企业收入的拉动作用极低。房地产业主要对金融业、租赁和商务服务业、建筑业以及金属冶炼与压延加工业四个行业的产出影响比较显著,对前三个行业主要是直接的一步式影响,与房地产业紧密相关的产业链条并不长。房地产业对要素报酬和机构收入的拉动总效应极小,且主要是开环效应,与此同时,房地产业主要通过自身和金融业影响要素报酬进而影响机构收入,特别是对资本报酬和企业收入的影响简单、直接,高度依赖这两条基础路径。土地出让金和房地产有关税收已成为地方政府的主要收入来源。房地产开发和运营商、金融机构和地方政府已成为房地产业发展过程中最主要的利益相关方。     

Supply chain coordination with downstream operating costs: Coordination and investment to improve downstream operating efficiency

There are many conceptualizations and formalizations of decision making. In this paper we compare classical decision theory with qualitative decision theory, knowledge-based systems and belief–desire–intention models developed in artificial intelligence and agent theory. They all contain representations of information and motivation. Examples of informational attitudes are probability distributions, qualitative abstractions of probabilities, knowledge, and beliefs. Examples of motivational attitudes are utility functions, qualitative abstractions of utilities, goals, and desires. Each of them encodes a set of alternatives to be chosen from. This ranges from a small predetermined set, a set of decision variables, through logical formulas, to branches of a tree representing events through time. Moreover, they have a way of formulating how a decision is made. Classical and qualitative decision theory focus on the optimal decisions represented by a decision rule. Knowledge-based systems and belief–desire–intention models focus on an alternative conceptualization to formalize decision making, inspired by cognitive notions like belief, desire, goal and intention. Relations among these concepts express an agent type, which constrains the deliberation process. We also consider the relation between decision processes and intentions, and the relation between game theory and norms and commitments.     

Failure of particulate reinforced polymers

In this presentation, a review is given on the main effects of mineral particulate fillers (with an aspect ratio of about unity) on the deformation and fracture of amorphous and semicrystalline thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers. Elastomeric modifiers, polymer blends, and filled elastomers are not considered here. Fillers are generally used to reduce cost as well as the thermal sensitivity of mechanical properties of the matrix material and to improve, if possible, the strength and toughness. The addition of particulate fillers influences all stages of the fabrication and use of the resulting composites. We focus on the effects of a stiff second phase on elastic moduli, matrix structure, and on deformation, creep, and failure mechanisms. As the main mechanisms, particle-matrix debonding, void formation, and matrix microshear yielding are identified. Toughness is less sensitive to the quality of adhesion since particle-matrix debonding and formation of voids can be tolerated. If well controlled, debonding contributes to deformation (formation of voids should be well distributed in space and time). Reference is also made to the surprising and positive effect of CaCO₃ particles on the toughness and impact resistance of HDPE, which increases at small interparticle distances due to interfacial effects on lamellar growth in the ligament area. Submitted to the 11th International Conference on Mechanics of Composite Materials (Riga, June 11–15, 2000). Published in Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 305–316, March–April, 2000.     

RUMINATIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND FUTURE OF POPULATION DYNAMICS MODELS IN FISHERIES

ABSTRACT. I trace the development of fisheries models (i.e., fish population dynamics models of species subject to fisheries) to the 21st century. The first real efforts occurred in the period 1900 1920 with the work of Baranov (the “Grandfather” of fisheries population dynamics) and the formation of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES). The establishment of the science occurred between 1920 1960 with multi‐species modeling, age‐ and size‐structure dynamics, and production models. Fundamental work during this time was done by Ricker (the “Father” of fisheries population dynamics), Beverton and Holt (the “Prophets” of fisheries population dynamics), Chapman, Dickie, DeLury, Graham, Gulland, Leslie, Lotka and Volterra, Russell, Schaefer, and Thompson. During this time, most of the workwas deterministic and mathematical. Between 1960 and 1980, statistical methodology evolved greatly but was separate from mathematical advances for the most part. The development of statistical principles for the estimation of animal abundance was further enhanced by Arnason, Buckland, Burnham and Anderson and White, Cormack, Eberhardt, Jolly, Manly, Pollock, Ricker, Robson, and Seber, among others. Fisheries models evolved in a deterministic setting, with advances in age‐structured models (Gulland, Pope, Doubleday), surplus production models (Pella, Tomlin‐son, Schnute, Fletcher, Hilborn), growth models, bioeconomic models (C. Clark) and management control models (Hilborn, Walters). The period 1980 2000 was the Golden Age. The integration between mathematics and statistics occurred when likelihood and least squares techniques were formally combined with mathematical models of population change. The number of fisheries modelers grew exponentially during this time, resulting in a concomitant increase in publications. A major advance in the 1990s has been the development of Bayesian and time series methods, which have allowed explicit specification of uncertainty. Currently, theory allows realistic modeling of age‐ and size‐structured populations, migratory populations and harvesting strategies. These models routinely incorporate measurement error, process error (stochasticity) and time variation. But data needs often overwhelm the performance of models, and greater demands are being placed on models to answer complex questions. There has been poor communication between fisheries and ecological modelers, between fisheries researchers and statisticians, and among fisheries researchers in different geographic locales. Future models will need to deal better with habitat and spatial concerns, genetics, multispecies interactions, environmental factors, effects of harvesting on the ecosystem, model misspecification and so‐cioeconomic concerns. Meta‐analysis, retrospective analysis and operating models are some modern approaches for dealing with uncertainty and providing for sustainable fisheries. However, I fear that current attacks on single‐species models and management may result in rejection of these advances and an attempt to substitute a less scientific approach.