Analysis of notches and cracks in circular Kirchhoff plates using the scaled boundary finite element method

A new formulation of the scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) is presented for the analysis of circular plates in the framework of Kirchhoff's plate theory. Essential for the SBFEM is, that a domain is described by the mapping of its boundary with respect to a scaling centre. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into scaled boundary coordinates and are reduced to a set of ordinary differential equations, which can be solved in a closed-form analytical manner. If the scaling centre is selected at the root of an existent crack or notch, the SBFEM enables the effective and precise calculation of singularity orders of cracked and notched structures. The element stiffness matrices for bounded and unbounded media are derived. Numerical examples show the performance and efficiency of the method, applied to plate bending problems. (© 2012 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations in Arbitrary Shaped Domains Using Cartesian Cut-Stencil Finite Difference Method. Part I: Concepts and Fundamentals

A new finite difference (FD) method, referred to as "Cartesian cut-stencil FD", is introduced to obtain the numerical solution of partial differential equations on any arbitrary irregular shaped domain. The 2^nd-order accurate two-dimensional Cartesian cut-stencil FD method utilizes a 5-point stencil and relies on the construction of a unique mapping of each physical stencil, rather than a cell, in any arbitrary domain to a generic uniform computational stencil. The treatment of boundary conditions and quantification of the solution accuracy using the local truncation error are discussed. Numerical solutions of the steady convection-diffusion equation on sample complex domains have been obtained and the results have been compared to exact solutions for manufactured partial differential equations (PDEs) and other numerical solutions.     

A mapping technique for numerical computations of bed evolutions

Free surface flow is one of the most difficult problems in engineering to be solved, since velocity and pressure fields depend on the free surface. On the other hand, the position of the free surface is unknown previously. Furthermore, the boundary condition on the free surface is expressed by a complicated equation. In an alluvial stream, where the boundaries of the domain are not fixed, addition of free surface at the bed will increase this difficulty. A domain mapping technique is developed in this paper to study the bed evolutions. The flow is considered 2D, choosing two coordinates in streamwise and upward directions. With a proper transformation, the hydrodynamics and sediment transport governing equations in irregular domain will be mapped into a simple rectangular one. The new domain can be discretize by finite elements. The transformed governing equations are solved to obtain desired variables in the mapped domain. With a proper transformation, there is no need of inverse mapping to obtain the free water surface profile and bedform evolution and migration in the actual domain. The model has been applied to streams with movable bed and the results show a good agreement with the experimental experiences.     

A variable boundary method for modelling two dimensional free surface flows with moving boundaries

A coordinate transformation method is proposed for modelling unsteady, depth-averaged shallow water equations for a open channel flow with moving lateral boundaries. The transformation technique which maps the changing domain onto a fixed domain and solves the governing equations in the mapped domain, facilitates the numerical treatment of an irregular boundary configuration. The transformed equations are solved on a staggered grid with a conditionally stable, explicit finite difference scheme. Several numerical experiments are carried out corresponding to different situations, viz., flow with constant discharge, flow with constant discharge and a closed boundary at the downstream, flow in a converging channel with constant discharge and finally flow with varying discharge. The experiments are used to verify the model ability to predict free surface elevation, circulatory pattern and displacement of the boundaries. The simulated results such as displaced area, depth, displacement–time and flow-field are used to evaluate the effects of excess discharge at the upstream on the movement of lateral boundaries.     

有界多连通区域数值保角变换的GMRES(m)法北大核心CSCD

求解复杂多连通区域的保角变换函数是困难的.针对这一问题,该文将求解保角变换函数转化为利用模拟电荷法求解一对定义在问题区域上的共轭调和函数,再根据边界条件建立约束方程,并利用GMRES(m)(the generalized minimal residual method)算法求解约束方程,获得了模拟电荷,进而构造了高精度的近似保角变换函数,将有界多连通区域映射为三种无界正则狭缝域.数值实验验证了该文算法的有效性.     

Wavelet-Galerkin method for solving parabolic equations in finite domains

A novel wavelet-Galerkin method tailored to solve parabolic equations in finite domains is presented. The emphasis of the paper is on the development of the discretization formulations that are specific to finite domain parabolic equations with arbitrary boundary conditions based on weak form functionals. The proposed method also deals with the development of algorithms for computing the associated connection coefficients at arbitrary points. Here the Lagrange multiplier method is used to enforce the essential boundary conditions. The numerical results on a two-dimensional transient heat conducting problem are used to validate the proposed wavelet-Galerkin algorithm as an effective numerical method to solve finite domain parabolic equations.     

带非线性边界条件的反应扩散方程的数值方法

１引言近年来关于非线性抛物型方程数值解法的研究取得了许多好的结果,其中以Ｃ．Ｖ．Ｐａｏ为主的研究者们利用上、下解方法对带线性边界条件的半线性抛物型方程的有限差分系统进行了广泛的研究,提出了一系列有效的迭代算法（见［１］、［２］、［３］、［４］）．但对带非线性边界条件的半线性抛物型方程初边值问题,作者至今尚未见到有研究者将上、下解方法用在相应的差分系统上,求得数值解．其主要原因是由于边界上函数的非线性,解在边界网格点上的值未知且无法用内部网格点上的值直接表示,相应的差分系统表示形式受到影响,边界网…     

基于Euler方程有限差分方法驻波晃动模拟

研究在二维水槽带非线性自由面边界条件的Euler方程的数值解,数值模拟了驻波的波高．将不规则的物理区域变换为一个固定的正方形计算区域,在计算区域使用交错网格技术的目的是准确捕捉流场瞬间的波高值,应用由Bang-fuh Chen建立的时间无关有限差分方法求解不可压缩无粘Euler方程的数值解．通过数值结果表明,数值解很好地吻合分析解和以前出版的文献结果．从数值解可以看出,非线性现象和拍的现象非常明显,同时数值模拟了带初始驻波的水平激励和垂直激励运动,具有很好的数值效果．     

Nonlinear static analysis of arbitrary quadrilateral plates in very large deflections

Through a linear mapping, an arbitrary quadrilateral plate is transformed into a standard square computational domain in which the deformation and director fields are developed together with the general forms of the uncoupled nonlinear equations. By proper interpolation of displacement and rotation fields on the whole domain, such that the boundary conditions are satisfied, a mathematical model based on the elastic Cosserat theory, is developed to analyze very large deformations of thin plates in nonlinear static loading. The principle of virtual work is exploited to present the weak form of the governing differential equations. The geometric and material tangential stiffness matrices are formed through linearization, and a step by step procedure is presented to complete the method. The validity and the accuracy of the method are illustrated through certain numerical examples and comparison of the results with other researches.     

A finite-element coarse-grid projection method for incompressible flow simulations

Coarse grid projection (CGP) methodology is a novel multigrid method for systems involving decoupled nonlinear evolution equations and linear elliptic Poisson equations. The nonlinear equations are solved on a fine grid and the linear equations are solved on a corresponding coarsened grid. Mapping operators execute data transfer between the grids. The CGP framework is constructed upon spatial and temporal discretization schemes. This framework has been established for finite volume/difference discretizations as well as explicit time integration methods. In this article we present for the first time a version of CGP for finite element discretizations, which uses a semi-implicit time integration scheme. The mapping functions correspond to the finite-element shape functions. With the novel data structure introduced, the mapping computational cost becomes insignificant. We apply CGP to pressure-correction schemes used for the incompressible Navier-Stokes flow computations. This version is validated on standard test cases with realistic boundary conditions using unstructured triangular meshes. We also pioneer investigations of the effects of CGP on the accuracy of the pressure field. It is found that although CGP reduces the pressure field accuracy, it preserves the accuracy of the pressure gradient and thus the velocity field, while achieving speedup factors ranging from approximately 2 to 30. The minimum speedup occurs for velocity Dirichlet boundary conditions, while the maximum speedup occurs for open boundary conditions.     

NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS OF PARABOLIC PROBLEMS ON UNBOUNDED 3-D SPATIAL DOMAIN

In this paper,the numerical solutions of heat equation on 3-D unbounded spatial do-main are considered. n artificial boundary Γ is introduced to finite the computationaldomain.On the artificial boundary Γ,the exact boundary condition and a series of approx-imating boundary conditions are derived,which are called artificial boundary conditions.By the exact or approximating boundary condition on the artificial boundary,the originalproblem is reduced to an initial-boundary value problem on the bounded computationaldomain,which is equivalent or approximating to the original problem.The finite differencemethod and finite element method are used to solve the reduced problems on the finitecomputational domain.The numerical results demonstrate that the method given in thispaper is effective and feasible.     

Fast solvers for 3D Poisson equations involving interfaces in a finite or the infinite domain

In this paper, numerical methods are proposed for Poisson equations defined in a finite or infinite domain in three dimensions. In the domain, there can exists an interface across which the source term, the flux, and therefore the solution may be discontinuous. The existence and uniqueness of the solution are also discussed. To deal with the discontinuity in the source term and in the flux, the original problem is transformed to a new one with a smooth solution. Such a transformation can be carried out easily through an extension of the jumps along the normal direction if the interface is expressed as the zero level set of a three-dimensional function. An auxiliary sphere is used to separate the infinite region into an interior and exterior domain. The Kelvin's inversion is used to map the exterior domain into an interior domain. The two Poisson equations defined in the interior and the exterior written in spherical coordinates are solved simultaneously. By choosing the mesh size carefully and exploiting the fast Fourier transform, the resulting finite difference equations can be solved efficiently. The approach in dealing with the interface has also been used with the artificial boundary condition technique which truncates the infinite domain. Numerical results demonstrate second order accuracy of our algorithms.     

THE APPROXIMATIONS OF THE EXACT BOUNDARY CONDITION AT AN ARTIFICIAL BOUNDARY FOR LINEARIZED INCOMPRESSIBLE VISCOUS FLOWS

1.IntroductionManyproblemsarisinginfluidmechanicsaregiveninanunboundeddomain,suchasfluidflowaroundobstacles.Whencomputingthenumericalsolutionsoftheseproblems,oneoftenintroducesartificialboundariesandsetsupaxtificialboundaryconditionsonthem.Thentheoriginal…     

A finite element method for granular flow through a frictional boundary

A finite element method for the flow of dry granular solids through a domain involving a frictional contact boundary is formulated. The granular material is assumed as a compressible viscous-elastic–plastic continuum. Based on the principles of continuum mechanics, a complete set of equations is developed. The resulting boundary value problem is solved by the finite element method in space and by the finite difference method in time. The derivation of the finite element equations and the mathematical framework of the numerical technique are presented, together with two illustrative examples to demonstrate the validity of the technique.     

Finite difference reaction-diffusion systems with coupled boundary conditions and time delays

This paper is concerned with finite difference solutions of a coupled system of reaction-diffusion equations with nonlinear boundary conditions and time delays. The system is coupled through the reaction functions as well as the boundary conditions, and the time delays may appear in both the reaction functions and the boundary functions. The reaction-diffusion system is discretized by the finite difference method, and the investigation is devoted to the finite difference equations for both the time-dependent problem and its corresponding steady-state problem. This investigation includes the existence and uniqueness of a finite difference solution for nonquasimonotone functions, monotone convergence of the time-dependent solution to a maximal or a minimal steady-state solution for quasimonotone functions, and local and global attractors of the time-dependent system, including the convergence of the time-dependent solution to a unique steady-state solution. Also discussed are some computational algorithms for numerical solutions of the steady-state problem when the reaction function and the boundary function are quasimonotone. All the results for the coupled reaction-diffusion equations are directly applicable to systems of parabolic-ordinary equations and to reaction-diffusion systems without time delays.     

Error estimates for the finite element approximation of linear elastic equations in an unbounded domain

In this paper we present error estimates for the finite element approximation of linear elastic equations in an unbounded domain. The finite element approximation is formulated on a bounded computational domain using a nonlocal approximate artificial boundary condition or a local one. In fact there are a family of nonlocal approximate boundary conditions with increasing accuracy (and computational cost) and a family of local ones for a given artificial boundary. Our error estimates show how the errors of the finite element approximations depend on the mesh size, the terms used in the approximate artificial boundary condition, and the location of the artificial boundary. A numerical example for Navier equations outside a circle in the plane is presented. Numerical results demonstrate the performance of our error estimates.

     

Nonlinear fourth-order elliptic equations with nonlocal boundary conditions

This paper is concerned with a class of fourth-order nonlinear elliptic equations with nonlocal boundary conditions, including a multi-point boundary condition in a bounded domain of Rn. Also considered is a second-order elliptic equation with nonlocal boundary condition, and the usual multi-point boundary problem in ordinary differential equations. The aim of the paper is to show the existence of maximal and minimal solutions, the uniqueness of a positive solution, and the method of construction for these solutions. Our approach to the above problems is by the method of upper and lower solutions and its associated monotone iterations. The monotone iterative schemes can be developed into computational algorithms for numerical solutions of the problem by either the finite difference method or the finite element method.     

Solution method for boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations on complexes (Graphs)

For second-order ordinary differential equations in a domain that is a finite set of intersecting segments of the axis O _x , we consider problems with local and nonlocal boundary conditions. A system of intersecting segments is referred to as a complex, whose topological structure is described by a graph. For the integration of differential equations, we suggest an exact difference scheme, which reduces the solution of the problem to a system of second-order difference equations on the segments of the complex with boundary conditions and matching conditions at the graph vertices. Depending on the topological structure of the graph, we consider two algorithms for solving systems of linear algebraic equations. A detailed justification of the method is presented.     

Geometrically nonlinear static and dynamic analysis of functionally graded skew plates

The present paper deals with nonlinear static and dynamic behavior of functionally graded skew plates. The equations of motion are derived using higher order shear deformation theory in conjunction with von-Karman’s nonlinear kinematics. The physical domain is mapped into computational domain using linear mapping and chain rule of differentiation. The spatial and temporal discretization is based on fast converging finite double Chebyshev series and Houbolt’s method. Quadratic extrapolation technique is employed to linearize the governing nonlinear equations. The spatial and temporal convergence and validation studies have been carried out to establish the efficacy of the present solution methodology. In case of dynamic analysis, the results are obtained for uniform step, sine, half sine, triangular and exponential type of loadings. The effect of volume fraction index, skew angle and boundary conditions on nonlinear displacement and moment response are presented.     

Unsteady convective boundary layer flow of a viscous fluid at a vertical surface with variable fluid properties

In this paper we present numerical solutions to the unsteady convective boundary layer flow of a viscous fluid at a vertical stretching surface with variable transport properties and thermal radiation. Both assisting and opposing buoyant flow situations are considered. Using a similarity transformation, the governing time-dependent partial differential equations are first transformed into coupled, non-linear ordinary differential equations with variable coefficients. Numerical solutions to these equations subject to appropriate boundary conditions are obtained by a second order finite difference scheme known as the Keller-Box method. The numerical results thus obtained are analyzed for the effects of the pertinent parameters namely, the unsteady parameter, the free convection parameter, the suction/injection parameter, the Prandtl number, the thermal conductivity parameter and the thermal radiation parameter on the flow and heat transfer characteristics. It is worth mentioning that the momentum and thermal boundary layer thicknesses decrease with an increase in the unsteady parameter.