On the Diophantine Equation G n ( x )?= G m ( P ( x ))

 Let K be a field of characteristic 0 and let p, q, G ₀ , G ₁ , P ∈K[x], deg P ⩾ 1. Further, let the sequence of polynomials (G _n (x)) _n=0 ^∞ be defined by the second order linear recurring sequence

The generalized bisymmetric solutions of the matrix equation A 1 X 1 B 1 + A 2 X 2 B 2 + ? + A l X l B l = C and its optimal approximation

For fixed generalized reflection matrix P, i.e. P ^T  = P, P ² = I, then matrix X is said to be generalized bisymmetric, if X = X ^T  = PXP. In this paper, an iterative method is constructed to find the generalized bisymmetric solutions of the matrix equation A ₁ X ₁ B ₁ + A ₂ X ₂ B ₂ + ⋯ + A _l X _l B _l  = C where [X ₁,X ₂, ⋯ ,X _l ] is real matrices group. By this iterative method, the solvability of the matrix equation can be judged automatically. When the matrix equation is consistent, for any initial generalized bisymmetric matrix group , a generalized bisymmetric solution group can be obtained within finite iteration steps in the absence of roundoff errors, and the least norm generalized bisymmetric solution group can be obtained by choosing a special kind of initial generalized bisymmetric matrix group. In addition, the optimal approximation generalized bisymmetric solution group to a given generalized bisymmetric matrix group in Frobenius norm can be obtained by finding the least norm generalized bisymmetric solution group of the new matrix equation , where . Given numerical examples show that the algorithm is efficient. Research supported by: (1) the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10571047) and (10771058), (2) Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (06JJ2053), (3) Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(06A017).     

On solutions of functional-differential equations f ′( x ) = a ( x ) f ( g ( x )) + b ( x ) f ( x ) + c ( x ) in the large

We consider solutions of functional-differential equations

Lie Symmetries of the Equation ut(x, t)?+?g(u)ux(x, t) = 0

In this paper the invariance criterion is applied for the nonlinear equation

Spherical Harmonic Analysis on Buildings of Type ? n

 To any locally finite thick building of type there is naturally associated a commutative algebra of operators. When is constructed from a local field F with local ring , and , then is isomorphic to the convolution algebra of compactly supported bi-K-invariant functions on PGL(n+1,F). We give a proof, valid for any , that the multiplicative functionals on may all be expressed in terms of Hall–Littlewood polynomials. Regarding as a subalgebra of the C ^*-algebra of bounded operators on the space of square summable functions on the vertex set of , we find the spectrum of the C ^*-algebra , the closure of . This generalizes results obtained in [3] when n = 1 and in [5] when n = 2.     

Cauchy problem F(t, x(t), x′(t)) = 0, x(0) = 0: solvability and asymptotics of solutions

For the singular Cauchy problem, the authors find some sufficient conditions for the existence of continuously differentiable solutions x: (0, ρ] → ℝ (ρ > 0 is sufficiently small) of the form

唯一g(x)-clean环

本文研究了唯一g(x)-clean环的性质与结构.利用g(x)-clean环的方法,得到了唯一g(x)-clean环与g(x)-clean环的关系,唯一g(x)-clean环与一类特殊的生成环的等价条件,以及斜Hurwitz级数环的g(x)-clean性,推广了g(x)-clean环的研究结果.     

NATURALLY REDUCTIVE(α1, α2) METRICS

Letting F be a homogeneous(α₁, α₂) metric on the reductive homogeneous manifold G/H, we first characterize the natural reductiveness of F as a local f-product between naturally reductive Riemannian metrics. Second, we prove the equivalence among several properties of F for its mean Berwald curvature and S-curvature. Finally, we find an explicit flag curvature formula for G/H when F is naturally reductive.     

Uniqueness of the Unconditional Basis of ?1 (?p) and ?p (?1), 0 < p < 1

We prove that the quasi-Banach spaces ₁ (_p) and _p (₁), 0 < p < 1 have a unique unconditional basis up to permutation     

Projective line over the finite quotient ring GF(2)[x]/〈x3 ? x〉 and quantum entanglement: Theoretical background

We consider the projective line over the finite quotient ring R_⋄ ≡ GF(2)[x]/〈x ³ − x〉. The line is endowed with 18 points, spanning the neighborhoods of three pairwise distant points. Because R_⋄ is not a local ring, the neighbor (or parallel) relation is not an equivalence relation, and the sets of neighbors for two distant points hence overlap. There are nine neighbors of any point on the line, forming three disjoint families under the reduction modulo either of the two maximal ideals of the ring. Two of the families contain four points each, and they swap their roles when switching from one ideal to the other, the points in one family merging with (the image of) the point in question and the points in the other family passing in pairs into the remaining two points of the associated ordinary projective line of order two. The single point in the remaining family passes to the reference point under both maps, and its existence stems from a nontrivial character of the Jacobson radical of the ring. The quotient ring is isomorphic to GF(2) ⊗ GF(2). The projective line over features nine points, each of them surrounded by four neighbors and four distant points, and any two distant points share two neighbors. We surmise that these remarkable ring geometries are relevant for modeling entangled qubit states, which we will discuss in detail in Part II of this paper. __________ Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 151, No. 1, pp. 44–53, April, 2007.     

Sum of sequence spaces and matrix transformations mapping in s α 0 ((Δ ? λ I ) h ) + s β ( c ) ((Δ ? μ I ) l )

We deal with the sum of sequence spaces. Then we apply these results to characterize matrix transformations mapping between s ^h,l (λ, μ) = s _α ⁰((Δ − λI) ^h ) + s _β ^(c)((Δ − μI) ^l ) and s _γ . Among other things the aim of this paper is to reduce the set (s ^h,l (λ, μ), s _γ to a set of the form S _τ,γ .      

Mean Curvature Ow of Graphs in Σ1 × Σ2

Let Σ_1 and Σ_2 be m and n dimensional Riemannian manifolds of constant curvature respectively. We assume that w is a unit constant m-form in Σ_1 with respect to which Σ_0 is a graph. We set v = 〈e_1 ∧ … ∧ e_m, 〉), where {e_1, …, e_m} is a normal frame on Σ_t. Suppose that Σ_0 has bounded curvature. If v(x, 0) ≥ v0 > \frac{\sqrt{p}}{2} for all x, then the mean curvature flow has a global solution F under some suitable conditions on the curvatrue of Σ_1 and Σ_2.     

三维流形不变量θ(Ωp)(M3)

本文利用Jones-Kauffman模和Kirby技巧等给出了某些三维流形不变量的一般计算方法.     

(YBa2Cu3O7)24/(PrBa2Cu3O7)2多层膜的超导转变展宽和维度 *

测量了(YBa₂Cu₃O₇)₂₄/(PrBa₂Cu₃O₇)₂ 多层膜在强磁场下的超导转变展宽 .这种YBa₂Cu₃O₇层间具有耦合 退耦合的临界绝缘层PrBa₂Cu₃O₇厚度以及由 3D向 2D过渡的YBa₂Cu₃O₇层厚度的多层膜 ,其不可逆场遵守H ∝ ( 1-t)μ关系 ,其 μ值约为1 ,介于3D( μ =3/2 )和2D( μ =1 /2 )之间 .磁通运动的热激活能的结果表明 ,对于H∥c和H⊥J的磁场位形 ,遵守U∝lnH关系 ,即磁通涡旋处于2D区 .而对于H∥ab和H⊥J ,H∥ab和H∥J两种磁场位形 ,激活能U随磁场的增加而线性减小 ,表明磁通涡旋处于3D态 .讨论了上述维度变化的可能物理机制 .     

(α,β)-γ开集与(α,β)-γ-Ti空间

本文首先给出(α,β)-γ开集定义,获得了(α,β)-γ开集性质;然后引入了(α,β)-γ-T_i空间和(α,β)-γ-T_i^*空间概念(i=0,1/2,1,2,5/2),并得到它们更广泛的拓扑性质.     

Gaussian Estimates of Order α and L p -Spectral Independence of Generators of C 0-Semigroups

We prove L^p-spectral independence for generators of C₀-semigroups estimated by the positive C₀-semigroup . In the preliminary process of the proof, we obtain the asymptotic expansion formula for the integral kernel of the C₀-semigroup .     

Embedding into l ∞2 Is Easy, Embedding into l ∞3 Is?NP-Complete

We give a new algorithm for enumerating all possible embeddings of a metric space (i.e., the distances between every pair within a set of n points) into ℝ² Cartesian space preserving their l _∞ (or l ₁) metric distances. Its expected time is (i.e., within a poly-log of the size of the input) beating the previous algorithm. In contrast, we prove that detecting l _∞³ embeddings is NP-complete. The problem is also NP-complete within l ₁² or l _∞² with the added constraint that the locations of two of the points are given or alternatively that the two dimensions are curved into a three-dimensional sphere. We also refute a compaction theorem by giving a metric space that cannot be embedded in l _∞³; however, it can be embedded if any single point is removed. This research is partially supported by NSERC grants. I would like to thank Steven Watson for his extensive help on this paper.     

KO?i groups of G3(?n), n odd

We use the work of Karoubi and Mudrinski on the real Grothendieck's groups of certain complex projective bundles to show that the torsion of the KO ^–i groups of G ₃( ⁿ ), n odd, are related to the known torsion of the KO ^–i groups of G₂( ⁿ ).