等差数列与等比数列求和公式推导方法的应用

等差数列与等比数列求和公式推导方法的应用朱辉华（湖北枣阳一中４４１２００）等差数列、等比数列求和公式的推导，实质上是应用了倒序求和、错位相（加）减两种方法．笔者根据自己的教学实践谈谈对这两种方法的体会和应用．一、等差数列求和公式的推导，先是利用倒序求...     

布朗粒子运动的位移分布推导

详细而系统地推导作布朗运动粒子的位移分布的资料很鲜见,基于此,本文用三种方法对其作了完整的推导.     

平衡设计多向分类多元重复测量模型的Wilks检验

对平衡设计多向分类多元重复测量模型,利用极大似然比方法,推导了对各单个固定效应分别进行检验的Wilks型检验规则.并推导了对多个固定效应进行同时检验的检验规则.推导了非中心分布的参数与原始参数和样本容量的关系.     

从几何角度给予拉格朗日乘数法新的推导思路

拉格朗日乘数法是求条件极值的重要方法,该文通过数形结合给出定理推导的新路径,相比教材上纯代数推导更直观,体现了"几何意义"的重要性.     

“自我融资”的数学表达和Black-Scholes方程的推导

对L aw rence C.Evans提出的B lack-Scho les偏微分方程的一种基于“自我融资(self-financing)”的概念的推导方法进行改进和补充.我们采用离散时间模型对“自我融资”进行系统的分析,并给出直观的金融阐释和一个新的数学推导方法.我们的推导方法与L aw rence C.Evans的论述相辅相成,二者结合在一起,为“自我融资”的概念提供了一个完整的数学刻划.     

无约束平面框架结构冲击响应分析(Ⅰ)——公式推导

运用广义Fourier级数方法推导了无约束平面框架结构受运动刚体冲击时的瞬态动力响应公式,利用这些公式得到冲击系统动力响应解析解．在公式推导过程中得出结构系统中弹性响应的动量之和为零的结论．从公式推导可以看出,模态分析法同样可以用来解决此类冲击问题．     

Black-Scholes期权定价模型的简化推导

本文讨论了 Black-Scholes期权定价模型的一种简化推导方法     

关于Fresnel积分

利用极坐标推导■的标准方法能用来计算Fresnel积分■通常在计算时要涉及复指数(参见[1],[2],[4],[5],[6],),因此只用实值函数的推导方法是有意义的,虽然这并非我们首创。     

椭圆方程之旅

今天的中学数学教科书采用椭圆的第一定义,并以此为出发点,通过两次平方,推导出椭圆的标准方程.我们已经太熟悉该推导法,以致不会去想:椭圆方程有过怎样的发展历程?我们还有别的推导方法吗?历史上数学家或数学教科书的作者是怎么做的?对我们有何启示?本文试图对这些问题作出回答.     

多釜串联模型停留时间分布方差的推导

简要分析了理想反应器的特点,并指出现实反应器与理想反应器的区别,介绍了多釜串联模型描述实际反应器的思想.针对多釜串联模型的停留时间分布的计算函数进行逐步的推导,以阶跃法对模型进行分析,采用数学归纳法和分部积分法等方法推导出了多釜串联模型无因次停留时间分布函数表达式;根据停留时间分布密度函数定义,推导出了无因次停留时间分布密度函数的表达式;根据概率中方差的定义,推导出了无因次方差的表达式.     

Study of the mixed finite volume method for Stokes and Navier‐Stokes equations

We present finite volume schemes for Stokes and Navier‐Stokes equations. These schemes are based on the mixed finite volume introduced in (Droniou and Eymard, Numer Math 105 (2006), 35‐71), and can be applied to any type of grid (without “orthogonality” assumptions as for classical finite volume methods) and in any space dimension. We present numerical results on some irregular grids, and we prove, for both Stokes and Navier‐Stokes equations, the convergence of the scheme toward a solution of the continuous problem. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2009     

Existence and zero‐electron‐mass limit of strong solutions to the stationary compressible Navier‐Stokes‐Poisson equation with large external force

In this study, we consider a viscous compressible model of plasma and semiconductors, which is expressed as a compressible Navier‐Stokes‐Poisson equation. We prove that there exists a strong solution to the boundary value problem of the steady compressible Navier‐Stokes‐Poisson equation with large external forces in bounded domain, provided that the ratio of the electron/ions mass is appropriately small. Moreover, the zero‐electron‐mass limit of the strong solutions is rigorously verified. The main idea in the proof is to split the original equation into 4 parts, a system of stationary incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations with large forces, a system of stationary compressible Navier‐Stokes equations with small forces, coupled with 2 Poisson equations. Based on the known results about linear incompressible Navier‐Stokes equation, linear compressible Navier‐Stokes, linear transport, and Poisson equations, we try to establish uniform in the ratio of the electron/ions mass a priori estimates. Further, using Schauder fixed point theorem, we can show the existence of a strong solution to the boundary value problem of the steady compressible Navier‐Stokes‐Poisson equation with large external forces. At the same time, from the uniform a priori estimates, we present the zero‐electron‐mass limit of the strong solutions, which converge to the solutions of the corresponding incompressible Navier‐Stokes‐Poisson equations.     

Semi‐invariant solutions of the Navier‐Stokes equations

We present new exact solutions and reduced differential systems of the Navier‐Stokes equations of incompressible viscous fluid flow. We apply the method of semi‐invariant manifolds, introduced earlier as a modification of the Lie invariance method. We show that many known solutions of the Navier‐Stokes equations are, in fact, semi‐invariant and that the reduced differential systems we derive using semi‐invariant manifolds generalize previously obtained results that used ad hoc methods. Many of our semi‐invariant solutions solve decoupled systems in triangular form that are effectively linear. We also obtain several new reductions of Navier‐Stokes to a single nonlinear partial differential equation. In some cases, we can solve reduced systems and generate new analytic solutions of the Navier‐Stokes equations or find their approximations, and physical interpretation.     

Downscaling data assimilation algorithm with applications to statistical solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations

Based on a previously introduced downscaling data assimilation algorithm, which employs a nudging term to synchronize the coarse mesh spatial scales, we construct a determining map for recovering the full trajectories from their corresponding coarse mesh spatial trajectories, and investigate its properties. This map is then used to develop a downscaling data assimilation scheme for statistical solutions of the two-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations, where the coarse mesh spatial statistics of the system is obtained from discrete spatial measurements. As a corollary, we deduce that statistical solutions for the Navier–Stokes equations are determined by their coarse mesh spatial distributions. Notably, we present our results in the context of the Navier–Stokes equations; however, the tools are general enough to be implemented for other dissipative evolution equations.     

A posteriori error estimation and error control for finite element approximations of the time-dependent Navier–Stokes equations

We present an approach to estimate numerical errors in finite element approximations of the time-dependent Navier–Stokes equations along with a strategy to control these errors. The error estimators and the error control procedure are based on the residuals of the Navier–Stokes equations, which are shown to be comparable to error components in the velocity variable. The present methodology applies to the estimation of numerical errors due to the spatial discretization only. Its performance is demonstrated for two-dimensional channel flows past a cylinder in the periodic regime.     

On the semi-discrete stabilized finite volume method for the transient Navier–Stokes equations

A stabilized finite volume method for solving the transient Navier–Stokes equations is developed and studied in this paper. This method maintains conservation property associated with the Navier–Stokes equations. An error analysis based on the variational formulation of the corresponding finite volume method is first introduced to obtain optimal error estimates for velocity and pressure. This error analysis shows that the present stabilized finite volume method provides an approximate solution with the same convergence rate as that provided by the stabilized linear finite element method for the Navier–Stokes equations under the same regularity assumption on the exact solution and a slightly additional regularity on the source term. The stability and convergence results of the proposed method are also demonstrated by the numerical experiments presented.     

Navier–Stokes equations,the algebraic aspect

Theoretical and Mathematical Physics - We present an analysis of the Navier–Stokes equations in the framework of an algebraic approach to systems of partial differential equations (the formal...     

求解定常不可压Stokes方程的两层罚函数方法

借助于两套有限元网格空间提出了一种求解定常不可压Stokes方程的两层罚函数方法.该方法只需要求解粗网格空间上的Stokes方程和细网格空间上的两个易于求解的罚参数方程（离散后的线性方程组具有相同的对称正定系数矩阵）.收敛性分析表明粗网格空间相对于细网格空间可以选择很小，并且罚参数的选取只与粗网格步长和问题的正则性有关.因此罚参数不必选择很小仍能够得到最优解.最后通过数值算例验证了上述理论结果，并且数值对比可知两层罚函数方法对于求解定常不可压Stokes方程具有很好的效果.     

Quasi-neutral and zero-viscosity limits of Navier–Stokes–Poisson equations in the half-space

The present paper is concerned with the quasi-neutral and zero-viscosity limits of Navier–Stokes–Poisson equations in the half-space. We consider the Navier-slip boundary condition for velocity and Dirichlet boundary condition for electric potential. By means of asymptotic analysis with multiple scales, we construct an approximate solution of the Navier–Stokes–Poisson equations involving two different kinds of boundary layer, and establish the linear stability of the boundary layer approximations by conormal energy estimate.