The Soft Point and Its Applications in Body Falling

From the mesoscopic point of view, a definition of soft point is introduced by considering the attributes of geometric profile and mass distribution. After that, this concept is used to develop the soft matching technique to simulate the chaotic behaviors of the equations. Especially, a tennis model with deformation factor a(t) is proposed to derive a generalized Newton-Stokes equation v′(t) = λ(v T-a(t)v(t)). Furthermore, a concept of duality of deformation factor a(t) and velocity v(t) with re...     

Boundedness of solutions of second order nonlinear dynamic equations

This paper deals with the boundedness of the solutions of the following dynamic equations(r(t)x△(t))△+a(t)f(xσ(t))+b(t)g(xσ(t))=0and(r(t)x△(t))△+a(t)xσ(t)+b(t)f(x(t-τ(t)))=e(t)on a time scale T.By using the Bellman integral inequality,we establish some suffcient conditions for boundedness of solutions of the above equations.Our results not only unify the boundedness results for differential and difference equations but are also new for the q-difference equations.     

Driving functions and traces of the Loewner equation

We consider the chordal Loewner differential equation in the upper half-plane,the behavior of the driving functionλ(t)and the generated hull Kt when Kt approachesλ(0)in a fixed direction or in a sector.In the case that the hull Kt is generated by a simple curveγ(t)withγ(0)=0,we prove some sharp relations ofλ(t)/√t andγ(t)/√t as t→0 which improve the previous work.     

Completeness of the Bergman Metric

In 1921, Bergman introduced the function KD(z, w) =whereis a complete orthonormal system of bounded domain D in Cn. Subsequently,drawing on this function, we can construct the Bergman metric of D. LetTD(z, z) = .Thends = is the Bergman metric of D. Let a(t) = (a1(t), ) a1(t)): [0, 1] -- D be piecewise c1 curve.Suppose that a (t) = . Define the Bergman length of a(t) to be|a|B = [a (t)TD(a(t),a(t))]dt.If z1, z2 E D, define their Bergman (geodesic) distance to bebD(z1, z2) = inf{|a|B|a…     

A Note on First Order Differential Equation

In this note, a theorem and its three corollaries on solution of the first order ordinary differential equation are given. Theorem Suppose that b, F∈C,a∈C~1,b(y)≠0. If a(t) and b(t) satisfy the equality a′(t)b(t)=1, (1) then the first order differential equation y′=b(y)F(x,a(y)) (2) has a solution y=f(u) (3) where u=u(x) is a solution of the equatien     

NECESSARY AND SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS FOR THE EXISTENCE OF PERIODIC SOLUTIONS OF RICCATI'S EQUATION WITH PERIODIC COEFFICIENTS

In this paper, the concept of generalized ω-periodic solution is given for Riccati's equationy'=a(t)y~2 b(t)y c(t)with perriodic coefficients, the relation between generalized ω-periodicsolutions and the characteristic numbers of system x'_1=c(t)x_2, x'_2=-a(t)x_1-b(t)x_2 is indicated, andseveral necessary and sufficient conditions are given using the coefficients. Moreover, in the case of a(t)without zero, the relation between the number of continuous ω-periodic solutions of y'=a(t)y~2 b(t)y c(t) δand the parameter δ is given; thus the problem on the existence of continuous ω-periodic.solutions is basically solved.     

Nontrivial Solutions of Superquadratic Hamiltonian Systems with Lagrangian Boundary Conditionsand the L-index Theory

In this paper, the authors study the existence of nontrivial solutions for the Hamiltonian systems z(t) = JH(t,z(t)) with Lagrangian boundary conditions, where H(t,z)=1/2((B)(t)z,z) (H)(t,z),(B)(t) is a semipositive symmetric continuous matrix and (H) satisfies a superquadratic condition at infinity. We also obtain a result about the L-index.     

VORTEX DYNAMICS OF THE ANISOTROPIC GINZBURG-LANDAU EQUATION

In this article, using coordinate transformation and Gronwall inequality, we study the vortex motion law of the anisotropic Ginzburg-Landau equation in a smooth bounded domain Ω  R2, that is, ■tuε = 2Σ/j,k=1 (ajkj■xjkuε)xj + b(x)(1-ε|ε|2)uε/2u, x ∈Ω, and conclude that each vortex bj(t) (j=1, 2,···, N) satisfies dbdjt(t)= -(a1k(bj(t)b)■(xk))a(a (bj(t)), a2k(bj (t))/xk a(bj (t)) a(bj (t)) , where a(x) =(a11a22-a122(1/2)). We prove that all the vortices are pinned together to the critical points of a(x). Furthermore, we prove that these critical points can not be the maximum points.     

Parisian ruin over a finite-time horizon

For a risk process R_u(t) = u + ct- X(t), t≥0, where u≥0 is the initial capital, c 0 is the premium rate and X(t), t≥0 is an aggregate claim process, we investigate the probability of the Parisian ruin P_S(u, T_u) = P{inf (t∈[0,S]_(s∈[t,t+T_u])) sup R_u(s) 0}, S, T_u 0.For X being a general Gaussian process we derive approximations of P_S(u, T_u) as u →∞. As a by-product, we obtain the tail asymptotic behaviour of the infimum of a standard Brownian motion with drift over a finite-time interval.     

EXISTENCE OF POSITIVE PERIODIC SOLUTIONS FOR VOLTERRA INTERGO-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

1 IntroductionThe purpose of the present paper is to deal with the existence of positive periodic solutionsfor the general Volterra inteRro-differential eouation8where a(t) E C(R,R), f0w a(t)dt > 0, b(t) e C(R,(0,oc)), g E C(R x [0,co),[0,co)), anda(t), b(t), g(t, y) are all w-periodic functions. w > 0 is a constant.The function a(t) is unneces8ary to be po8itive. Since the environment fiuctuates randomlyin bad condition, a(t) may be negative.It is well known that the illtegrDedifferentia…     

The perturbation on initial binding energy for a Majda-CJ combustion model

We investigate the perturbed Riemann problem for a scalar Chapman–Jouguet combustion model – the perturbation on initial binding energy. Under the entropy conditions, we obtain the unique solutions in a neighbourhood of the origin (t?>?0) on the (x,?t) plane. It is found that, for some cases, the perturbed Riemann solutions are essentially different from the corresponding Riemann solutions. That is, the perturbation may transform a Chapman–Jouguet detonation into a strong detonation or a weak deflagration following a shock wave; a strong detonation into a weak deflagration following a shock wave; a Chapman–Jouguet deflagration into a weak deflagration.     

Perturbed Riemann Problem for a Scalar Chapman-Jouguet Combustion Model

The author considers the perturbed Riemann problem for a scalar ChapmanJouguet combustion model which comes from Majda’s model with a modified, bump-type ignition function proposed in the results of Lyng and Zumbrun in 2004. Under the entropy conditions, the unique solution in a neighborhood of the origin on the(x, t) plane(t > 0) is obtained. It is found that, for some cases, the perturbed Riemann solutions are essentially different from the corresponding Riemann solutions. The perturbation may transform a strong detonation into a weak deflagration in the neighborhood of the origin. Especially, it can be observed that burning happens although the corresponding Riemann solution does not contain combustion wave, which exhibits the instability for the unburnt state.     

UNIFORM FORMULA FOR THE RIEMANN SOLUTIONS OF A SCALAR COMBUSTION MODEL

In this paper, we construct a uniform formula for the Riemann solutions of the simplified Chapman-Jouguet model. Firstly, we define a new functional, and then, we obtain that the Riemann solutions can be expressed by the maximum value point of this functional,while Riemann solutions may contain some of strong detonation waves, Chapman-Jouguet detonation waves and contact discontinuities. Finally, Chapman-Jouguet deflagration waves are also discussed.     

The generalized Riemann problem for a scalar Chapman–Jouguet combustion model

The generalized Riemann problem for a scalar Chapman–Jouguet combustion model in a neighborhood of the origin (t > 0) on the (x, t) plane is studied. Under the entropy conditions, we obtain the solutions constructively. It is found that, for some cases, the perturbed Riemann solutions are essentially different from the corresponding Riemann solutions. The perturbation may transform a combustion wave CJDT into SDT in the neighborhood of the origin. Especially, it can be observed that burning happens although the corresponding Riemann solution doesn’t contain combustion waves, which exhibits the instability for unburnt states. This work is supported by NSFC 10671120     

气体动力学燃烧模型的广义Riemann问题

考察了在(x,t)平面上原点(t＞0)的邻域内气体动力学燃烧模型的广义Riemann问题．在改进的熵条件下构造了此问题的唯一解．它们是自相似ZND燃烧模型的极限．发现对某些情形,广义Riemann问题的解与相应的Riemann问题的解有本质的不同．特别地,扰动会使得相应Riemann问题的强爆轰波转化为由预压激波点燃的弱爆燃波．在一些情形,尽管相应的Riemann解中不含燃烧波,扰动后燃烧波会出现．这反映了未燃气体的不稳定性．     

Interaction of oblique deflagration and shock for two-dimensional steady adiabatic combustion system

The interaction of an oblique deflagration wave and an oblique shock wave for two-dimensional steady adiabatic combustion system is analyzed. Using the shock wave polar and combustion wave polar, we exhibit the construction of the solutions. It is found that the deflagration remains if the shock is weak. However, the shock transforms the deflagration into a detonation(DDT) if it is strong or stops the deflagration if it is proper.     

Instability of unburnt gas for a scalar nonconvex combustion model

The ignition solutions for the scalar nonconvex Chapman-Jouguet (CJ) combustion model are studied as the ignited perturbation vanishes. We let the perturbation vanish in the result of the interactions of the combustion waves and noncombustion waves, thereby obtaining that the unburnt gas is unstable when the binding energy is larger than a critical value. Furthermore, in the vanishing process, the transitions between deflagration and detonation waves are observed.     

A three-phase flow model

We present here a three-fluid three-pressure model to describe three-field patterns or three-phase flows. The basic ideas rely on the counterpart of the two-fluid two-pressure model which has been introduced in the DDT (deflagration to detonation theory) framework, and has been more recently extended to liquid–vapour simulations. We first show that the system is hyperbolic without any constraining condition on the flow patterns. This is followed by a detailed investigation of the structure of single waves in the Riemann problem. Smooth solutions of the whole system are shown to be in agreement with physical requirements on void fractions, densities, and specific entropies. A simple fractional step method, which handles separately convective patterns and source terms, is used to compute approximations of solutions. A few computational results illustrate the whole approach.     

The ignition problem for a scalar nonconvex combustion model

The ignition problem for the scalar Chapman-Jouguet combustion model without convexity is considered. Under the pointwise and global entropy conditions, we constructively obtain the existence and uniqueness of the solution and show that the unburnt state is stable (unstable) when the binding energy is small (large), which is the desired property for a combustion model. The transitions between deflagration and detonation are shown, which do not appear in the convex case.     

Asymptotic stability of Riemann solutions in BGK approximations to certain multidimensional systems of conservation laws

We prove the asymptotic stability of nonplanar two-states Riemann solutions in BGK approximations of a class of multidimensional systems of conservation laws. The latter consists of systems whose flux-functions in different directions share a common complete system of Riemann invariants, the level surfaces of which are hyperplanes. The asymptotic stability to which the main result refers is in the sense of the convergence as t→∞ in of the space of directions ζ=x/t. That is, the solution z(t,x,ξ) of the perturbed Cauchy problem for the corresponding BGK system satisfies as t→∞, in , where R(ζ) is the self-similar entropy solution of the two-states nonplanar Riemann problem for the system of conservation laws.