基于主成分-集对分析法的联合火力打击陆军弹药消耗预测方案评估模型研究

陆军作为联合火力打击的重要组成部分,具有反应快、火力猛、精度高、机动灵活的特点,是实施联合火力打击不可缺少的重要力量.陆军在联合火力打击中,如何快速准确的从多种弹药预测方案中分析、评估优选出最佳的陆军弹药消耗预测方案,对提高陆军快速反应能力,提升部队战斗力,打赢未来战争至关重要.为此,在分析影响联合火力打击陆军弹药消耗主要因素的基础上,构建了符合联合火力打击陆军弹药消耗特点的评估指标体系,提出了一种基于主成分和集对分析法综合分析的联合火力打击陆军弹药消耗预测方案的评估优选方法,通过方法可求得指标权重,最终评估优选出最佳的联合火力打击陆军弹药消耗预测方案.结合实例分析,验证构建的评估模型能够用于多种联合火力打击陆军弹药消耗预测方案的评估优选,为进一步提高联合火力打击陆军弹药消耗预测方案提供技术指导.     

基于灰色可拓优度的联合火力打击陆军弹药消耗预测方案评估研究

弹药是构成武器系统的重要组成部分,是军队战斗力的重要构成因素,弹药消耗预测是一个复杂的问题,它是弹药保障的基本依据,是我军做好军事斗争装备准备弹药物资精确化保障的重要条件.在联合火力打击中的陆军弹药消耗预测影响因素多,不确定性强,许多因素难以在预测过程中定量地计算,如何确定和优选联合火力打击陆军弹药消耗预测方案是否达到规定要求或从中优选出最佳的方案是一个复杂的评估问题.在分析联合火力打击陆军弹药消耗影响因素的基础上,构建了包含打击目标、作战持续时间、作战任务、参战部队综合战斗力指数、指挥信息系统信息化程度、武器装备及弹药性能等6个2级指标共26个底层指标的评估指标体系,基于灰色模糊的思想和层析分析法(AHP)综合确定指标权重,在此基础上进一步构建了联合火力打击陆军弹药消耗预测方案的可拓优度评估模型,运用此模型对联合火力打击陆军弹药消耗预测方案的进行总体评估,评估结果表明模型是一种有效的联合火力打击陆军弹药消耗预测方案评估方法,可为联合火力打击陆军弹药消耗预测方案的确定和评估优选提供新的有效途径.     

基于集对层次理论的深基坑支护方案综合优选

集对分析是处理不确定性问题的系统理论的新方法,应用集对分析原理、层次分析和集值统计方法,建立了考虑影响因素权重的评价模型,探讨深基坑支护方案评价与优选实用方法.用实例给予了验证.     

基于集对分析的学习型组织建设成熟度评估研究

学习型组织的建设是一项复杂的系统工程,建设过程中涉及的因素众多,不确定性很强,建设情况评估时往往受到较多主观能动性制约.单一的定量、定性等确定性和不确定性评估方法大多仅能从某一层面对被评对象做出某种评价,而很难统筹兼顾学习型组织建设所面临的复杂因素.鉴于集对分析理论将确定性和不确定性视为一个系统,并兼顾到确定性与不确定性之间的相互联系,相互影响,相互制约及相互转换的优势,本文在对集对分析理论简要介绍以及学习型组织建设成熟度相关文献综述的基础上,运用集对分析思想构建出评估学习型组织建设成熟度的模型,并通过一算例验证了集对分析在评估学习型组织建设成熟度中的有效性,可在一定程度上为不同组织决策层进行学习型组织建设的规划和实施提供决策依据.     

简化的消去与选择转换法在施工方案优选中的应用

为了探讨工程项目施工方案决策的有效方法,提高建筑施工企业生产力水平.采用进行简化的消去与选择转换法(ELECTRE)法在建设工程项目施工方案优选中的应用研究.给出简化ELECTRE法计算过程和工程项目施工方案优选的基本步骤,并以剪力墙结构模板施工方案优选为实例进行分析,在MATLAB平台上编程进行了计算.算例分析结果表明,简化的ELECTRE法可以得到考虑多因素影响的施工方案优劣顺序,原理清楚简单,适于程序化计算排序结果准确可靠.最后简化的ELECTRE法可以有效地解决施工方案优选问题,具有良好的理论和工程应用价值.     

基于熵权多目标决策的方案评估方法研究

给出了一种基于熵权多目标决策的方案评估方法.该方法在只有判断矩阵而没有专家权重的情况下,对有多个评价指标的方案评估问题,通过多对象关于多指标的评价矩阵的熵权计算,对多个合理方案进行优选评估,得出了可信度较高的优选方案,并将这一方法应用在航空装备维修费效益评价实例中.     

不确定性理论集对分析在海水水质富营养化评价中的应用

集对分析是处理不确定性问题的新的系统理论方法.利用该理论,建立了进行海水水质富营养化综合评价的新方法.实例研究表明,集对分析评价海水水质的富营养化程度是切实可行的,与人工神经网络方法和支持向量机方法相比,集对分析方法概念清晰,计算简便、快捷、精度高,具有较高的分辨率和较大的实用性,减少了评价过程中的人为主观因素;具有不遗失数据中间信息、评价结果与实际情况更为相符的优点,为海水环境质量综合评价提供了一种简单而适用的评价方法.     

基于Vague集的水电工程方案模糊综合评价

水利工程建设方案决策是多目标综合评价问题,系统指标信息具有复杂、多变,模糊、不确定等特点,采用Vague集相似度量评价模型构建水利工程建设方案综合决策模型,建立基于Vlague集的指标隶属度计算方法,构造基于Vague集相似度的多目标方案评价.针对建设方案决策评价指标的不确定性,通过肯定、踌躇、否定的Vague集相似度量概念延伸了传统模糊集的评价、分析方式.将方法应用于水利工程建设方案决策实例,取得较为满意的结果,表明了方法的合理可行性,为水利工程的建设方案评价提供了科学决策的新途径.     

多星联合鲁棒性调度模型研究

在多星联合调度过程中,存在着很多不确定性因素,其中云层覆盖变化是主要的不确定性来源.本文针对考虑云层覆盖变化的多星联合调度问题,借鉴了连续函数的鲁棒性优化思想,提出了一种基于邻域的鲁棒性指标.在此基础上,建立了多星联合鲁棒性调度模型,给出了观测任务优先级的计算方法.实例研究表明,本文建立的模型能够在保证调度方案性能的基础上,获得鲁棒性强的调度方案.     

基于联系数的预先危险性分析技术与应用

工程施工中的预先危险性分析受到随机、模糊、不确知等多种不确定性的干扰 ,采用集对分析联系数对客观存在的不确定性作系统描述 ,形成一种计及不确定性的预先危险性分析新技术 ,为工程施工预防安全事故、安全检查与评估提供了一种新的科学分析方法 .     

Multi-variable grey model based on dynamic background algorithm for forecasting the interval sequence

The multi-variable grey model based on dynamic background algorithm improves the forecasting performance of the multi-variable grey model on the precise number sequence. In order to make this model suitable for the interval sequence, the matrix form of the multi-variable grey model based on dynamic background algorithm is proposed in the paper. In the modeling process, the interval is treated as a two-dimensional column vector, the parameters of the multi-variable grey model are replaced by matrices, and the dynamic background algorithm for interval sequences is proposed. The analysis results of the matrix algorithm for the dynamic background value and the prediction formula show that the new model is essentially a way to predict one of the two bounds of an interval by combining them, reflecting the integrity and interaction between the lower and upper bounds. The interval predictions of industrial electricity consumption of Zhejiang Province, China national electricity consumption and consumer price index show that the new model can well predict the minimum and maximum values of the interval sequence and has better prediction performance compared with the method of predicting each boundary sequence separately.     

中国能源消费的EMD分析与预测

基于EMD分析,结合SVM方法构建了中国能源消费的预测模型,提供了一种新的能源消费预测思路.研究结果表明,到2020年我国能源消费量3027百万吨油当量,低于IEA2010能源展望中的预测结果.在低碳经济、节能减排已成为国际政治领域热点议题的背景下,采用定量的方法对中国能源消费状况进行分析与预测,有利于分析中国的国际政治压力及中国能源企业海外投资.     

基于梯形模糊综合分析法的弹药维修安全风险评估

针对弹药维修的复杂性和特殊性,提出了一种基于梯形模糊综合分析法的弹药维修安全风险评估的方法.从环境、管理、人员、设备和物资等5个方面考虑,建立了弹药维修安全风险评估指标体系;鉴于人判断的模糊性和判断矩阵一致性检验要求,采用了基于梯形模糊数期望值的层次分析法确定指标的权重系数;建立了基于梯形模糊综合分析法的弹药维修安全风险评估模型.通过对某弹药维修工厂的实例分析证明,所建立的弹药安全风险评估模型合理、科学、有效,能够为制定相应的法规提供理论的支撑.     

The Application of Discriminant Analysis to the Prediction of Sales Forecast Uncertainty in New Product Situations

Managers' estimates of sales forecast uncertainty for a new product are critical to an effective risk analysis. This research utilizes discriminant analysis to analyze sales forecast errors in past new-product ventures. Using the past ventures, a linear discriminant function is established from relevant market variables by which future ventures may be allocated to one of two populations depending on the probabilities that their sales forecast uncertainty will be low or high.     

The role of prior mathematical experience in predicting mathematics performance in higher education

Evidence of deficiencies in basic mathematical skills of beginning undergraduates has been documented worldwide. Many different theories have been set out as to why these declines in mathematical competency levels have occurred over time. One such theory is the widening access to higher education which has resulted in a less mathematically prepared profile of beginning undergraduates than ever before. In response to this situation, the present study details the examination of a range of methods through which a student's mathematical performance in higher education could be predicted at the beginning of their third-level studies. Several statistical prediction methods were examined and the most effective method in predicting students’ mathematical performance was discriminant analysis. The discriminant analysis correctly classified 71.3% of students in terms of mathematics performance. An ability to carry out such a prediction in turn allows for appropriate mathematics remediation to be offered to students predicted to fail third-level mathematics. The results of the prediction of mathematical performance, which was carried out using a database consisting of over 1000 beginning undergraduates over a 3-year period, are detailed in this article along with the implications of such findings to educational policy and practice.     

Optimal Bayesian fault prediction scheme for a partially observable system subject to random failure

A new method for predicting failures of a partially observable system is presented. System deterioration is modeled as a hidden, 3-state continuous time homogeneous Markov process. States 0 and 1, which are not observable, represent good and warning conditions, respectively. Only the failure state 2 is assumed to be observable. The system is subject to condition monitoring at equidistant, discrete time epochs. The vector observation process is stochastically related to the system state. The objective is to develop a method for optimally predicting impending system failures. Model parameters are estimated using EM algorithm and a cost-optimal Bayesian fault prediction scheme is proposed. The method is illustrated using real data obtained from spectrometric analysis of oil samples collected at regular time epochs from transmission units of heavy hauler trucks used in mining industry. A comparison with other methods is given, which illustrates effectiveness of our approach.     

Local probabilistic homogenization schemes for assessment of material uncertainties in solid foams

The present study is concerned with a numerical scheme for prediction of the effective properties of solid foams considering their uncertainty. The approach is based on an analysis of a large-scale, statistically representative volume element which is subdivided into small-scale testing volume elements. Application of a standard homogenization scheme to the testing volume elements together with a stochastic evaluation yields a complete probabilistic characterization of the material which may be used for a random field definition of the material behaviour in a macroscopic effective field analysis of foam structures. (© 2012 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

基于随机模糊参数预测烧结法氧化铝生产中碱液成分

针对来自许多实际过程中数据变化的多态不确定性,提出一类新的预测方法。为了反映数据的多态不确定性,设计了一种分段推断算法来对样本数据的分布函数进行推断,在假设总体服从一类模糊随机变量的条件下,由该方法得到总体的分布函数的解析式。基于这种预测方法,对烧结法氧化铝生产过程中碱液成分进行了预测。预测结果表明新方法具有广泛的应用价值。