流经有热源多孔平板并伴有化学反应的传热传质混合对流MHD流动

对流经无限竖直多孔平板的不可压缩粘性导电流体,稳定的传热传质混合对流MHD流动问题,给出了精确解和数值解.假定均匀磁场横向作用于流动方向,考虑了感应磁场及其能量的粘性和磁性损耗.多孔平板有恒定的吸入速度并均匀地混入流动速度.用摄动技术和数值方法求解控制方程.得到了平板上速度场、温度场、感应磁场、表面摩擦力和传热率的分析表达式.相关参数取不同数值时,用图形表示出问题的数值结果.讨论了从平板到流体的Hartmann数、化学反应参数、磁场的Prandtl数,以及包括速度场、温度场、浓度场和感应磁场等其它参数的影响.可以发现,热源/汇或Eckert数的增大,极大地提高了流体的速度值.x-方向的感应磁场随着Hartmann数、磁场的Prandtl数、热源/汇和粘性耗散的增大而增大.但是,研究表明,随着破坏性化学反应(K0)的增大,流动速度、流体温度和感应磁场将减小.对色谱分析系统和材料加工的磁场控制,该研究在热离子反应堆模型、电磁感应、磁流体动力学传输现象中得到了应用.     

传导-辐射对沿垂直平面有热泳的瞬时自然对流的影响

研究存在热辐射时,热泳微粒的沉积,对沿垂直平面瞬态自然对流边界层流动的影响,垂直平面浸没在光密灰色流体中.分析中采用Rosseland扩散近似表示辐射热通量项.将控制方程简化为抛物线型的偏微分方程组,然后在整个时间段0≤τ<∞,利用有限差分法数值求解.还得到了小数值时间和大数值时间的渐近解,发现渐近解和数值解吻合很得好.而且,流体,20℃和1个标准大气压下的空气,即Prandtl数Pr为0.7时,用图形给出了不同物理参数,即热辐射参数Rd、表面温度参数θw和热泳参数λ,对瞬时的表面剪切应力τw、表面热传输率qw和组分浓度扩散率(传质率)mw的影响,以及对瞬时的速度、温度和浓度分布曲线的影响.     

分区参数Gr(o)bner基的计算

对于含参数的多项式理想,提出了分区参数Gr(o)bner基的概念,并且给出了一个计算分区参数Gr(o)bner基的算法,证明了该算法的正确性和终止性.     

传热传质对有抽吸的收缩薄片上的非线性磁流体动力学边界层流动的影响

研究有抽吸作用的可收缩薄片上的磁流体动力学粘性流动.讨论了二维轴对称可收缩问题.利用相似变换给出了无量纲形式的边界层控制方程.利用现代数值技术,数值地求解变换后耦合的非线性常微分方程组,并与现有文献的结果进行了比较.得到了无量纲速度、温度、 浓度的分布, 以及表面摩擦、传热率、传质率和沉积率的数值结果,并用图形显示了与解有关的重要参数.     

化学反应对高对流Maxwell流体在多孔面上作MHD流动和传质的影响

研究导电的高对流Maxwell流体在多孔表面上,作计及物质化学反应时的MHD流动及其传质.将非线性的偏微分控制方程及其相应的边界条件,变换为非线性的常微分方程,并利用Kel-ler-Box法进行数值求解.用图形给出了各种物理参数对流动和传质特性的影响,并对结果进行了讨论.可以看到,化学反应阶次提高了扩散边界层的厚度;还可以看到,传质率强烈地依赖于Schmidt数和反应率参数.此外,在特例情况下得到了以往文献中可供利用的结果.     

竖直平板嵌入非Darcy多孔介质时,数值研究流过平板的不稳定MHD自然对流中的Dufour和Soret效应

就竖直平板嵌入非Darcy多孔介质中,导电流体流过平板时作不稳定的二维磁流体(MHD)双扩散对流,数值研究了Dufour和Soret效应对流动的影响.用Crank-Nicolson型的隐式有限差分法,按三对角矩阵处理,求解无量纲的非线性控制方程.详细地研究了问题中出现的各种参数对不稳定无量纲的速度、温度和浓度曲线的影响.进一步地,给出并分析了表面摩擦因数、Nus-selt数和Sherwood数随时间的变化.研究结果表明,不稳定速度、温度和浓度分布曲线,受Dufour和Soret的影响十分显著.随着Dufour数的增加或者Soret数的减小,表面摩擦因数和Sherwood数都在减小,而Nusselt数在增加.研究发现,当磁场参数增加时,边界层中的速度和温度在减小.     

微重力下悬浮区的热毛细对流及其控制

本文主要定量研究用沿熔体表面喷射惰性气体的方法来控制Marangoni对流,抑止振荡现象的机理与可行性.导出了支配悬浮区热毛细对流的基本方程与正确边界条件,给出了粘性与边界层情况的对应关系,并应用ADI方法对微重力下悬浮区热毛细对流进行了数值模拟,讨论了各种参数(如Ma,R_σ,Gr)对于流动的影响.     

柔性圆柱形微管道内的电动流动及传热研究

研究了在纯压力驱动下,流体通过壁面带有某种电荷的聚电解质层（PEL）的微管道，即柔性微管道的电动流动和热传输特性.基于先前得到的电势和速度的解析解以及流向势的数值解,在热充分发展的情况下, 假设壁面热流恒定,利用有限差分法求解了包括黏性耗散和Joule(焦耳)热影响下的能量方程，获得了无量纲温度数值解.通过数值计算，给出了相关的无量纲参数对速度、温度以及Nusselt(努赛尔)数的影响.研究表明,当其他参数固定时,无量纲速度和温度随着无量纲聚电解质层厚度d的增大而减小,随着聚电解质层中等效双电层厚度与双电层厚度之比K_λ的增大而增大；Nusselt数随着Joule热系数S的增大而减小,随无量纲聚电解质层厚度d的增大而减小,随着K_λ的增大而增大.     

磁场和Hall电流对狭窄动脉中血液流动的影响

对一个水平向不对称、竖直向对称,带有轻微狭窄的动脉,提出了血液磁流体动力学流动的微极模型.为了估计狭窄形状的影响,几何上加以适当地考虑,通过选取不同的参数(称为形状参数),很方便地改变水平向的狭窄情况.在不同形状参数、Hartmann数和Hall参数下,计算了流动参数,例如流速、流动阻力(阻力阻抗)、狭窄区域血管壁面剪应力分布以及狭窄最大凸起高度位置处(狭窄喉部)的壁面剪应力大小.结果表明,流动阻力随着确定狭窄情况参数值和Hall参数值的增大而减小,并随着Hartmann数的增大而增大.对任意给定的Hartmann数和Hall参数,血管壁面剪应力和血管狭窄部位凸起最大高度处的管壁剪应力,具有与流动阻力相反的特征.最后,给出了Hartnmrm数和Hall参数对水平速度的影响.     

振动的多孔平板上磁流体动力学流动的Hall效应

以无限多孔扁平板为边界,对不可压缩导电粘滞流体的不稳定流动进行了分析.平板在其自身平面内以频率n作谐振动,在流体流动的垂直方向上作用一均匀磁场,研究发现,平板上有吹出(速度)时,问题的解依然存在.还得到了考虑粘性及Joule耗散时的温度分布.壁面的平均温度随着Hau参数的增大而减小,可以发现,平板上有吹出(速度)时,不存在温度分布.     

扩散速度与组元的质量守恒方程*

在混合物流动中,某组元i的质量迁移速度(绝对速度)等于对流速度(牵连速度)与扩散速度(相对速度)之和.扩散速度——以及扩散系数——依对流速度取法之不同而不同.     

Stochastic dynamo in critical situations

Based on the functional method of consecutive approximations, we consider the problem of magnetic field excitation (stochastic dynamo) by a random velocity field with a finite temporal correlation radius. In critical situations, in the first (diffusion) approximation, the Lyapunov characteristic parameter of the magnetic field energy vanishes. This implies the absence of structure formation (clustering) in realizations of the magnetic field in that approximation. Critical situations occur in problems of magnetic field diffusion in an equilibrium thermal and random pseudoequilibrium and acoustic (in the absence of dissipation) velocity fields. The sign of the Lyapunov characteristic parameter in the second-order approximation determines the possibility of clustering of the magnetic field energy. We show that energy clustering does not occur in a thermal velocity field. In the cases of pseudoequilibrium and acoustic velocity fields, clustering occurs with probability one, i.e., in almost every realization. We evaluate the characteristic time for clustering to be established.     

Advected turbulent line thermal driven by concentration difference

The spatial evolution of an advected line thermal driven by concentration difference––a turbulent buoyant body of fluid, for which small density difference is caused by a proportional variation in scalar concentration, horizontally introduced at no excess momentum into a horizontal ambient current, is studied using the standard two-equation k– model with a buoyancy expansion. The numerical results show that the advected line thermal is characterized longitudinally by a flat trajectory with scalar dilution taking place essentially near the jet exit, and transversely by a vortex-pair flow and a kidney-shaped concentration structure with double peak maxima corresponding to stronger buoyancy effect; the computed flow details and scalar mixing characteristics can be described by self-similar relations beyond a dimensionless distance of around 10; the aspect ratio for the kidney-shaped sectional thermal is found to be around 1.2–1.4; the predicted flow feature and mixing rate are well supported by asymptotic dimensional analysis and related experimental data. The analogy between a steady advected line thermal and corresponding time-dependent line thermal is also found reasonable by a special exploration into the horizontal velocity distribution and the significance of horizontal diffusion effect of the advected line thermal. Only about half of the vertical momentum resulting from the buoyancy effect is found contained in the advected line thermal, corresponding to an added virtual mass coefficient of approximately 1 for the sectional thermal.     

Stagnation point flow of dusty Casson fluid with thermal radiation and buoyancy effects

The aim of the study is to examine the stagnation point flow of a dusty Casson fluid over a stretching sheet with thermal radiation and buoyancy effects. The governing boundary layer equations are represented by a system of partial differential equation. After applying suitable similarity transformations, the resulting boundary layer equations are solved numerically using the Runge Kutta Fehlberg fourth-fifth order method (RKF-45 method). The behaviors of velocity, temperature and concentration profiles of fluid and dusty particles with respect to change in fluid particle interaction parameter, Casson paramter, Grashof number, radiation parameter, Prandtl number, number density, thermal equilibrium time, relaxation time, specific heat of fluid and dusty particles, ratio of diffusion coefficients, Schmidt number and Eckert number are analysed graphically and discussed. Our computed results interpret that velocity distribution decays for higher estimation of Casson parameter while temperature distribution shows increasing behavior for larger radiation parameter.     

Nonlinear stability in microfluidic porous convection problems

This paper investigates classes of thermal convection problems which display effects which are predominant at small scales, i.e. at the microfluidic level. We concentrate on two effects. The first is the effect of local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE), where the temperature of the saturating fluid may be different from the temperature of the solid skeleton of the porous body. The second is the effect of anisotropy where differences in the flow direction may change strongly depending on the inertia, permeability, thermal conductivity, and on the diffusion coefficient. The class of porous materials analysed are those of Forchheimer type. However, we employ a Forchheimer law recently in vogue in the literature where the nonlinear term which accounts for the variation from linear in the velocity—pressure gradient relationship is cubic in the velocity field as opposed to the classical quadratic one.

     

热扩散和电场对风沙流发展过程的影响

建立了描述在来流水平风场和由于地表热扩散产生的垂向风场联合作用下的风沙流发展过程的基本方程．通过定量分析表明:地表热扩散和风沙电场对风沙流发展过程的影响十分明显．在此基础上,给出地表热扩散和风沙电场对风沙流中的沙粒跃移轨迹、输沙率以及风沙流达到充分发展的时间等的影响规律．     

Analytical solution of a spatially variable coefficient advection–diffusion equation in up to three dimensions

Analytical solutions are provided for the two- and three-dimensional advection–diffusion equation with spatially variable velocity and diffusion coefficients. We assume that the velocity component is proportional to the distance and that the diffusion coefficient is proportional to the square of the corresponding velocity component. There is a simple transformation which reduces the spatially variable equation to a constant coefficient problem for which there are available a large number of known analytical solutions for general initial and boundary conditions. These solutions are also solutions to the spatially variable advection–diffusion equation. The special form of the spatial coefficients has practical relevance and for divergent free flow represent corner or straining flow. Unlike many other analytical solutions, we use the transformation to obtain solutions of the spatially variable coefficient advection–diffusion equation in two and three dimensions. The analytical solutions, which are simple to evaluate, can be used to validate numerical models for solving the advection–diffusion equation with spatially variable coefficients. For numerical schemes which cannot handle flow stagnation points, we provide analytical solution to the spatially variable coefficient advection–diffusion equation for two-dimensional corner flow which contains an impermeable flow boundary. The impermeable flow boundary coincides with a streamline along which the fluid velocity is finite but the concentration vanishes. This example is useful for validating numerical schemes designed to predict transport around a curved boundary.     

Inclined magnetic field and Soret effects on mixed convection flow between vertical parallel plates

This present paper investigates the influence of thermal diffusion and inclined magnetic field effects on mixed convection flow through a channel. Spectral Quasilinearization Method (SQLM) is used to solve the dimensionless governing equations, those were obtained by using sutable transformations from the system of governing partial differential equations. The influence of the variation of different parameters like magnetic parameter, Hall parameter, Soret parameter and the intensity of angle of inclination on velocities, temperature and concentration are investigated and presented through plots. According to acquired results, under the influence of magnetic field (in an inclined direction) the velocity profiles were amplified and the temperature profile got diminished, where as there is a reverse tendency under the effect of Hall parameter. Finally the nature of the physical parameters were displayed in table form.     

Wavelet filtering to study mixing in 2D isotropic turbulence

This paper presents the application of coherent vortex simulation (CVS) filtering, based on an orthogonal wavelet decomposition of vorticity, to study mixing in 2D homogeneous isotropic turbulent flows. The Eulerian and Lagrangian dynamics of the flow are studied by comparing the evolution of a passive scalar and of particles advected by the coherent and incoherent velocity fields, respectively. The former is responsible for strong mixing and produces the same anomalous diffusion as the total flow, due to transport by the coherent vortices, while mixing in the latter is much weaker and corresponds to classical diffusion.     

On dispersion of settling particles from an elevated source in an open-channel flow

Longitudinal dispersion of suspended particles with settling velocity in a turbulent shear flow over a rough-bed surface is investigated numerically when the settling particles are released from an elevated continuous line-source. A combined scheme of central and four-point upwind differences is used to solve the steady turbulent convection–diffusion equation and the alternating direction implicit (ADI) method is adopted for the unsteady equation. It is shown how the mixing of settling particles is influenced by the ‘log-wake law’ velocity and the corresponding eddy diffusivity when the initial distribution of concentration is regarded as a line-source. The concentration profiles for the steady-state conditions agree well with the existing experimental data and some other numerical results when the settling velocity is zero. The behaviours of iso-concentration lines in the vertical plane for different releasing heights are studied in terms of the relative importance of convection, eddy diffusion and settling velocity.