解后而三思

解题反思是指数学解题后,反思解题过程,优化解题方法,推广解题结论,提炼解题规律,积累解题经验,拓宽解题视野的一系列思维活动.著名数学教育家波利亚曾说:“通过回顾所完成的解答,通过重新考虑检查这个结果和得出这一结果的路子,学生可以巩固他们的解题能力.”解题反思在数学解题教学中的重要性不容置疑,而要让解题反思真正落实到学生的解题活动之中,使反思行动成为学生解题的自觉行动,就必须让学生知道怎样反思,思什么.     

数学解题教学中的激趣术

解题是数学教学的重要活动之一,解题教学的成效如何,与学生参与解题活动的积极性高低有极大的关系.那么,如何提高学生参与解题活动的积极性呢?"兴趣是最好的老师",要提高学生参与解题活动的积极性,关键在于要让学生感受到解题活动的乐趣.以下介绍解题教学中激发学生参与解题活动兴趣的九种常用方法.     

数学解题教学中的"展示与揭示"

数学学习离不开解题,学生对数学概念的理解和掌握就是通过解题来完成的,所以解题教学是课堂教学中的重要组成部分,解题教学的成败不仅直接影响学生对问题的解决,更是要影响学生对数学概念的掌握.所以解题教学是老师必须认真思考的问题,它也将直接影响教学的有效性.     

莫入宝山空手回——小学生数学解题反思思维习惯的培养策略

数学家弗赖登塔尔曾指出“反思是思维活动的核心和动力．”解题反思是提高解题能力的一个重要环节．当学生只埋头于茫茫题海,却未养成解题反思的思维习惯,无疑是“遨游在宝山之中却空手而回”．引导学生进行解题反思,培养学生的解题反思思维习惯迫在眉睫．     

优化解题思路 提高解题能力

日常教学中,通常是通过解题来测试学生的数学水平的.因此,解题能力反映学生的数学水准和数学能力.笔者在多年的教学实践中体会到:解题教学中,让学生在挫折中优化思路,是提高解题能力的重要途径.现举例说明如下:     

探索,让数学课堂更精彩——对一道调研试题的再研究

解题教学是数学教学的重要组成部分,波利亚指出：“中学数学教学的首要任务就是加强解题训练”,加强解题训练可以帮助学生巩固基础知识,提升基本解题技能,掌握基本数学思想方法,培养学生的数学素养．为了提升解题教学的效果,教师要引导学生加强研究,经典题目既要研究考纲、考点和考题,还要分析考情和学情,     

例说数学解题决策能力的培养

中学生数学水平的高低主要体现在数学解题能力的强弱上．因此,如何有效地提高学生的数学解题能力,一直以来都是广大中学师生所关注的一个重要问题．但学生中真正善于解题者为数甚少,多数学生处于模仿性的解题层次,一旦遇上较难或新颖的问题,常常优柔寡断,思维混乱,无所适从．平时学生缺少解题决策能力的培养,是出现这一现象的原因之一．     

高中数学解题中常见错误成因及应对策略

解题教学是高中数学教学的一项重要任务,学生在解题时不免会出现错误.常见的错误成因有:审题不准、基础知识掌握不牢、解题方法单一、学生对解题重视程度不够,基于此提出了高中数学解题减少错误的应对策略.     

一道向量模考题的解法分析和启示

对一道与向量有关的模考题,展示学生的解题过程,深入剖析其中的错误,解答学生的疑问和困惑,介绍正确解题方法和结果,提升学生的解题能力.     

发掘隐含条件,助力数学解题

初中数学注重学生核心素养培养,在基础知识传授的基础上,加强学生思维能力和解题能力培养,实现学生的全面发展.在实际的课堂活动中,借助解题教学加强学生思维能力锻炼,提升学生的实践能力在实际的解题教学中,不少学生对命题者意图分析不准确,存在解题迷茫的情况.在初中数学题目中有着一定的隐含条件,需要学生发掘和利用,深入理解其中的规律,有效突破数学解题,培养良好学习习惯,提高课堂学习效果.     

离子声波方程的初值问题

本文讨论由Ott E.等建立的机械模型,并给出了该模型初值问题存在整体性弱解的证明。     

用初等行变换求线性矩阵方程的通解

本文通过建立通解矩阵的概念 ,给出了用初等行变换求线性矩阵方程 Am× n Xn× s=Bm× s的通解的方法 .     

Multiple periodic solutions for system of first-order differential equation

Sufficient conditions have been obtained for the existence of at least two non-negative periodic solutions to a system of first-order nonlinear functional differential equations. Applications to some ecological models are given.     

Oscillation of neutral delay difference equations of second order with positive and negative coefficients

This paper is concerned with a class of neutral difference equations of second order with positive and negative coefficients of the forms

BIFURCATIONS OF TRAVELLING WAVE SOLUTIONS TO A COUPLED NONLINEAR WAVE SYSTEM

Employ theory of bifurcations of dynamical systems to a system of coupled nonlin-ear equations, the existence of solitary wave solutions, kink wave solutions, anti-kink wave solutions and periodic wave solutions is obtained. Under different parametric conditions, various suffcient conditions to guarantee the existence of the above so-lutions are given. Some exact explicit parametric representations of travelling wave solutions are derived.     

The solutions to some operator equations with corresponding operators not necessarily having closed ranges

In this paper, we study the solvability of the operator equations in the general setting of infinite-dimensional Hilbert space with corresponding operators no necessarily having closed range. We get the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existences of the solutions and obtain formulae in each case for the general selfadjoint, positive and real positive solutions to these operator systems.     

A class of discrete time generalized Riccati equations

In this paper, a class of discrete-time backward non-linear equations defined on some ordered Hilbert spaces of symmetric matrices is considered. The problem of the existence of some global solutions is investigated. The class of considered discrete-time non-linear equations contains, as special cases, a great number of difference Riccati equations both from the deterministic and the stochastic framework. The results proved in the paper provide the sets of necessary and sufficient conditions that guarantee the existence of some special solutions of the considered equations as: the maximal solution, the stabilizing solution and the minimal positive semi-definite solution. These conditions are expressed in terms of the feasibility of some suitable systems of linear matrix inequalities (LMI). One shows that in the case of the equations with periodic coefficients to verify the conditions that guarantee the existence of the maximal or the stabilizing solution, we have to check the solvability of some systems of LMI with a finite number of inequations. The proofs are based on some suitable properties of discrete-time linear equations defined by the positive operators on some ordered Hilbert spaces chosen adequately. The results derived in this paper provide useful conditions that guarantee the existence of the maximal solution or the stabilizing solution for different classes of difference matrix Riccati equations involved in many problems of robust control both in the deterministic and the stochastic framework. The proofs are deterministic and are accessible to the readers less familiarized with the stochastic reasonings.     

渐近线性算子方程的四种类型的解

利用拓扑度理论及不动点指数理论,讨论了渐近线性算子方程的四种类型的解(即零解、正解、负解和变号解)的存在性,并将这一抽象结果应用于微分方程两点边值问题.