On the adjunction process over a surface in char.p

Let K_s be the canonical bundle on a non singular projective surface S (over an algebraically closed field F, char F=p) and L be a very ample line bundle on S. Suppose (S,L) is not one of the following pairs: (P²,O(e)), e=1,2, a quadric, a scroll, a Del Pezzo surface, a conic bundle. Then

1. (K_s?L)² is spanned at each point by global sections. Let \(\phi :S \to P^N _F \) be the map given by the sections Γ(K_s?L)², and let φ=s o r its Stein factorization.
2. r:S→S′=r(S) is the contraction of a finite number of lines, E_i for i=1,...r, such that E_i·E_i=K_S·E_i=?L·E_i=?1.
3. If h°(L)≥6 and L·L≥9, then s is an embedding.

     

Elementary Abelianp-extensions of algebraic function fields

LetK be a field of characteristicp>0 andF/K be an algebraic function field. We obtain several results on Galois extensionsE/F with an elementary Abelian Galois group of orderp ⁿ.

1. E can be generated overF by some elementy whose minimal polynomial has the specific formT ^pn?T?z.
2. A formula for the genus ofE is given.
3. IfK is finite, then the genus ofE grows much faster than the number of rational points (as [E∶F] → ∞).
4. We present a new example of a function fieldE/K whose gap numbers are nonclassical.

     

New families of graceful banana trees

Consider a family of stars. Take a new vertex. Join one end-vertex of each star to this new vertex. The tree so obtained is known as abanana tree. It is proved that the banana trees corresponding to the family of stars

1. (K_1,1, K_1,2,…, K_{1,t ?1}, (α + l) K_1,t, K_{1,t + 1}, …, K_1,n), α ? 0
2. (2K_1,1, 2K_1,2,…, 2K_{1,t? 1}, (α + 2)K_1,t, 2K_{1,t + 1, …}, 2K_1,n), 0 ? α <t and
3. (3K_1,t, 3K_1,2, …, 3K_1,n) are graceful.

     

Algebraic extensions of finite corank of hilbertian fields

We consider here a hilbertian fieldk and its Galois group (k _s/k). For a natural numbere we prove that almost all (σ) ∈ (k_s/k)^e have the following properties. (1) The closedsubgroup 〈σ〉 which is generated by σ₁, …, σ_e is a free pro-finite group withe generators. (2) LetK be a proper subfield of the fixed fieldk _s (σ) of 〈σ〉, …, σ_e ink _s, which containsk. Then the group (k _s/K) cannot be topologically generated by less thene+1 elements. (3) There does not exist a τ ∈ (k/k), τ≠1, of finite order such that [k _s (σ):k _s (σ, τ)]<∞. (4) Ife=1, there does not exist a fieldk?K?k _s (σ) such that 1<[k _s (σ):K]<∞. Here “almost all” is used in the sense of the Haar measure of the compact group (k_s/k)^e.     

Invariants of Lie superalgebras acting on associative algebras

LetR be a semiprime algebra over a fieldK acted on by a finite-dimensional Lie superalgebraL. The purpose of this paper is to prove a series of going-up results showing how the structure of the subalgebra of invariantsR ^Lis related to that ofR. Combining several of our main results we have: Theorem: Let R be a semiprime K-algebra acted on by a finite-dimensional nilpotent Lie superalgebra L such that if characteristic K=p then L is restricted and if characteristic, K=0 then L acts on R as algebraic derivations and algebraic superderivations.

1. If R^L is right Noetherian, then R is a Noetherian right R^L-module. In particular, R is right Noetherian and is a finitely generated right R^L-module.
2. If R^L is right Artinian, then R is an Artinian right R^L-module. In particular, R is right Artinian and is a finitely generated right R^L-module.
3. If R^L is finite-dimensional over K then R is also finite-dimensional over K.
4. If R^L has finite Goldie dimension as a right R^L-module, then R has finite Goldie dimension as a right R-module.
5. If R^L has Krull dimension α as a right R^L-module, then R has Krull dimension α as a right R^L-module. Thus R has Krull dimension at most α as a right R-module.
6. If R is prime and R^L is central, then R satisfies a polynomial identity.
7. If L is a Lie algebra and R^L is central, then R satisfies a polynomial identity.

We also provide counterexamples to many questions which arise in view of the results in this paper.     

E-free objects inE-varieties of inverse rings

We show that for any regular ring (R, +, -), the following conditions are equivalent:

1. (R, -) is inverse.
2. (R, -) isE-solid.
3. (R, -) is locally inverse.
4. (R, -) is locallyE-solid.

We also show that there is ane-free object in eache-variety of inverse rings.     

Sur les Suites Presque Echangeables DansL q , 1≦q<2

Let 1≦q<p<2. We construct a bounded sequence (X _n ) _n∈N inL _q which defines a typeσ onL _q , such that:

1. (X _n ) _n∈N is equivalent to the unit vector basis ofl _p .
2. The l-conic classK ₁(σ) generated byσ is not relatively compact for the topology of uniform convergence on bounded sets ofL _q .
3. (X _n ) _n∈N has no almost exchangeable subsequence after any change of density.

This sequence does not verify the two natural conditions inL _q -spaces that ensure the existence of an almost symmetric subsequence.     

Thinning of point processes,revisited

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Effective analysis of integral points on algebraic curves

LetK be an algebraic number field,S?S _\t8 a finite set of valuations andC a non-singular algebraic curve overK. Letx∈K(C) be non-constant. A pointP∈C(K) isS-integral if it is not a pole ofx and |x(P)| _v >1 impliesv∈S. It is proved that allS-integral points can be effectively determined if the pair (C, x) satisfies certain conditions. In particular, this is the case if

1. x:C→P ¹ is a Galois covering andg(C)≥1;
2. the integral closure of $\bar Q$ [x] in $\bar Q$ (C) has at least two units multiplicatively independent mod $\bar Q$ *.

This generalizes famous results of A. Baker and other authors on the effective solution of Diophantine equations.     

ДИФФЕРЕНцИАльНыЕ сВ ОИстВА ИжВИВАУЩИхсь ФУНкцИИ

A continuous real valued function defined on an intervalD is called crinkly iff the setf ^?1(У) ∩I is uncountable for each interval \(I \subseteqq D\) and number \(y \in (\mathop {\inf }\limits_I f,\mathop {\sup }\limits_I f)\) . The main result of the paper consists in the following assertion. Let the closed segment [0, 1] be represented as a union of four measurable, mutually nonintersecting setsE ₁,Е ₂,E ₃,E ₄. Then, for each functionH(δ) such thatH(δ)→ + ∞ andδH(δ)→0 asδ→0, there exists a crinkly functionf possessing the following five properties:

1. a.e. onE ₁:D ⁺ f(x)=D-f(x)=+∞,D ₊ f(x)=D?f(x)=?∞;
2. a.e. onE ₂:D ⁺ f(x)=+∞,D?f(x)=?∞,D ₊f(x)=D-f(x)=0;
3. a.e. onE ₃:D ₊ f(x)=?∞,D ^? f(x)=+∞,D ⁺ f(x)=D?f(x)=0;
4. a.e. onE ₄:Df(x)=0;
5. the modulus of continuityΩ off on [0, 1] satisfies $$\omega (\delta ,f,[0,1]) \leqq \delta H(\delta ).$$

     

Some results on entire functions of finite lower order

Letf(z) be an entire function of order λ and of finite lower order μ. If the zeros off(z) accumulate in the vicinity of a finite number of rays, then

1. λ is finite;
2. for every arbitrary numberk ₁>1, there existsk ₂>1 such thatT(k ₁ r,f)≤k ₂ T(r,f) for allr≥r ₀. Applying the above results, we prove that iff(z) is extremal for Yang's inequalityp=g/2, then
3. every deficient values off(z) is also its asymptotic value;
4. every asymptotic value off(z) is also its deficient value;
5. λ=μ;
6. $\sum\limits_{a \ne \infty } {\delta (a,f) \leqslant 1 - k(\mu ).} $

     

Некоторые точные инт егральные оценки про изводных рациональных и алгеб раических функций. Пр иложения

Exact estimates are obtained for integrals of absolute values of derivatives and gradients, for integral moduli of continuity and for major variations of piecewise algebraic functions (in particular, for polynomials, rational functions, splines, etc.). These results are applied to the problems of approximation theory and to the estimates of Laurent and Fourier coefficients. Typical results:

1. IfE is a measurable subset of the circle or of a line in thez-plane andR(z) is a rational function of degree ≦n, ¦R(z)¦≦ (z∈E), then ∝_E ¦R′(z)¦dz¦≦ 2πn; the latter estimate is exact forn=0, 1, ... and everyE with positive measure;
2. Iff(x ₁,x ₂, ...,x _m) is a real valued piecewise algebraic function of order (n, k) on the unit ballD?R ^m (in particular, a real valued rational function of order ≦n), and ¦f¦≦1 onD, then ∝_D¦gradf¦dx≦2π ^m/2n/Π(m/2); herem≧1, n≧0, 1≦k<∞;
3. LetE=Π={z∶¦z¦=1}, and letc _m(R) be the mth Laurent coefficient ofR onΠ,C _m(n)=sup{¦cm(R)¦}, where sup is taken over allR from 1), then 1/7 min {n/¦m¦, 1} ≦C _m(n) ≦ min {n/¦m¦, 1}.

     

Small cycles and 2-factor passing through any given vertices in graphs

The theory of vertex-disjoint cycles and 2-factor of graphs has important applications in computer science and network communication. For a graph G, let σ ₂(G):=min?{d(u)+d(v)|uv ? E(G),u≠v}. In the paper, the main results of this paper are as follows:

1. Let k≥2 be an integer and G be a graph of order n≥3k, if σ ₂(G)≥n+2k?2, then for any set of k distinct vertices v ₁,…,v _k , G has k vertex-disjoint cycles C ₁,C ₂,…,C _k of length at most four such that v _i ∈V(C _i ) for all 1≤i≤k.
2. Let k≥1 be an integer and G be a graph of order n≥3k, if σ ₂(G)≥n+2k?2, then for any set of k distinct vertices v ₁,…,v _k , G has k vertex-disjoint cycles C ₁,C ₂,…,C _k such that:
   1. v _i ∈V(C _i ) for all 1≤i≤k.
   2. V(C ₁)∪???∪V(C _k )=V(G), and
   3. |C _i |≤4, 1≤i≤k?1.

Moreover, the condition on σ ₂(G)≥n+2k?2 is sharp.     

Convergence of representation averages and of convolution powers

LetS be a locally compact (σ-compact) group or semi-group, and letT(t) be a continuous representation ofS by contractions in a Banach spaceX. For a regular probability μ onS, we study the convergence of the powers of the μ-averageUx=∫T(t)xdμ(t). Our main results for random walks on a groupG are:

1. if μ is adapted and strictly aperiodic, and generates a recurrent random walk, thenU ⁿ (U-I) converges strongly to 0. In particular, the random walk is completely mixing.
2. If μ×μ is ergodic onG×G, then for every unitary representationT(.) in a Hilbert space,U ⁿ converges strongly to the orthogonal projection on the space of common fixed points. These results are proved for semigroup representations, along with some other results (previously known only for groups) which do not assume ergodicity.
3. If μ is spread-out with supportS, then $\left\| {\mu ^{n + K} - \mu ^n } \right\| \to 0$ if and only if e $ \in \overline { \cup _{j = 0}^\infty S^{ - j} S^{j + K} } .$ .

     

Slow flow past a heterogeneous porous sphere

Stokes’ flow past a heterogeneous porous sphere has been studied, adopting the boundary conditions modified by Jones (1973) for curved surfaces at the interface of the free fluid region and porous material. The porous sphere is made up ofn + 1 concentric spheres of different permeability. The results for drag experienced by the sphere has been discussed and the following cases of interest are deduced:

1. WhenK ₁=K ₂=...=K _n+1=K.
2. WhenK _i is very small for eachi.

     

Plane structures in thermal runaway

We consider the problem

1. u _t=u _xx+e ^u whenx ∈ ?,t > 0,
2. u(x, 0) =u ₀(x) whenx ∈ ?,

whereu ₀(x) is continuous, nonnegative and bounded. Equation (1) appears as a limit case in the analysis of combustion of a one-dimensional solid fuel. It is known that solutions of (1), (2) blow-up in a finite timeT, a phenomenon often referred to as thermal runaway. In this paper we prove the existence of blow-up profiles which are flatter than those previously observed. We also derive the asymptotic profile ofu(x, T) near its blow-up points, which are shown to be isolated.     

Integral representations for some classes of functions holomorphic in a strip or in a half-plane

В данной работе рассм атриваются классы фу нкцийf(z), голоморфные в област иa (?∞<a<b≦+∞) приp≧1 иs≧0, и у довлетворяющие одному из следующих условий:

1. Еслиb≦+∞, то $$\int\limits_a^b {(\int\limits_{ - \infty }^{ + \infty } {\left| {f\left( {x + iy} \right)} \right|^p } dy)^s dx< + \infty .} $$
2. Еслиb=+∞, иa=0, то $$\int\limits_0^u {(\int\limits_{ - \infty }^{ + \infty } {\left| {f\left( {x + iy} \right)} \right|^p } dy)^s dx \leqq \varrho \left( u \right), u > 0,} $$ где?(u) — функция опред еленного роста.

Результаты работы су щественно обобщают т еорему Пэли—Винера о параме трическом представлений класс аH ₂ на полуплоскости.     

Odd cycles and matrices with integrality properties

A cycle of a bipartite graphG(V⁺, V^?; E) is odd if its length is 2 (mod 4), even otherwise. An odd cycleC is node minimal if there is no odd cycleC′ of cardinality less than that ofC′ such that one of the following holds:C′ ∩V ⁺ ?C ∩V ⁺ orC′ ∩V ^? ?C ∩V ^?. In this paper we prove the following theorem for bipartite graphs: For a bipartite graphG, one of the following alternatives holds:

-All the cycles ofG are even.

-G has an odd chordless cycle.

-For every node minimal odd cycleC, there exist four nodes inC inducing a cycle of length four.

-An edge (u, v) ofG has the property that the removal ofu, v and their adjacent nodes disconnects the graphG.

To every (0, 1) matrixA we can associate a bipartite graphG(V⁺, V^?; E), whereV ⁺ andV ^? represent respectively the row set and the column set ofA and an edge (i,j) belongs toE if and only ifa _ij = 1. The above theorem, applied to the graphG(V⁺, V^?; E) can be used to show several properties of some classes of balanced and perfect matrices. In particular it implies a decomposition theorem for balanced matrices containing a node minimal odd cycleC, having the property that no four nodes ofC induce a cycle of length 4. The above theorem also yields a proof of the validity of the Strong Perfect Graph Conjecture for graphs that do not containK ₄?e as an induced subgraph.     

О рядах по системе Фра нклина

In this paper some basis properties are proved for the series with respect to the Franklin system, which are analogous to those of the series with respect to the Haar system. In particular, the following statements hold:

1. The Franklin series \(\mathop \Sigma \limits_{n = 0}^\infty a_n f_n (x)\) converges a.e. onE if and only if \(\mathop \Sigma \limits_{n = 0}^\infty a_n^2 f_n^2 (x)< + \infty \) a.e. onE;
2. If the series \(\mathop \Sigma \limits_{n = 0}^\infty a_n f_n (x)\) , with coefficients ¦a _n ¦↓0, converges on a set of positive measure, then it is the Fourier-Franklin series of some function from \(\bigcap\limits_{p< \infty } {L_p } \) ;
3. The absolute convergence at a point for Fourier—Franklin series is a local property;
4. If an integrable function (fx) has a discontinuity of the first kind atx=x ₀, then its Fourier-Franklin series diverges atx=x ₀.