On farthest points of sets

For a convex closed bounded set in a Banach space, we study the existence and uniqueness problem for a point of this set that is the farthest point from a given point in space. In terms of the existence and uniqueness of the farthest point, as well as the Lipschitzian dependence of this point on a point in space, we obtain necessary and su.cient conditions for the strong convexity of a set in several infinite-dimensional spaces, in particular, in a Hilbert space. A set representable as the intersection of closed balls of a fixed radius is called a strongly convex set. We show that the condition “for each point in space that is sufficiently far from a set, there exists a unique farthest point of the set” is a criterion for the strong convexity of a set in a finite-dimensional normed space, where the norm ball is a strongly convex set and a generating set.     

政府花费改变对经济影响的理论分析

本文采用无限期内生时间偏好率模型,研究了政府花费对经济的影响.指出长期的政府花费增加可以使资本存量水平上升,消费水平下降和债券持有量上升;同时,短期分析表明政府花费增加可以减少初始投资率,增加政府债务率水平;但短期的政府花费增加同样导致资本存量水平上升,消费水平下降和债务水平的增加.     

DC programming techniques for solving a class of nonlinear bilevel programs

We propose a method for finding a global solution of a class of nonlinear bilevel programs, in which the objective function in the first level is a DC function, and the second level consists of finding a Karush-Kuhn-Tucker point of a quadratic programming problem. This method is a combination of the local algorithm DCA in DC programming with a branch and bound scheme well known in discrete and global optimization. Computational results on a class of quadratic bilevel programs are reported.     

Transformations and non-degenerate maps

We shall prove the equivalences of a non-degenerate circle-preserving map and a Mobius transformation in Rn, of a non-degenerate geodesic-preserving map and an isometry in Hn, of a non-degenerate line-preserving map and an affine transformation in Rn. That a map is non-degenerate means that the image of the whole space under the map is not a circle, or geodesic or line respectively. These results hold without either injective or surjective, or even continuous assumptions, which are new and of a fundamental nature in geometry.     

Spreading speeds and traveling waves for abstract monostable evolution systems

This paper is devoted to the development of the theory of spreading speeds and traveling waves for abstract monostable evolution systems with spatial structure. Under appropriate assumptions, we show that the spreading speeds coincide with the minimal wave speeds for monotone traveling waves in the positive and negative directions. Then we use this theory to study the spatial dynamics of a parabolic equation in a periodic cylinder with the Dirichlet boundary condition, a reaction-diffusion model with a quiescent stage, a porous medium equation in a tube, and a lattice system in a periodic habitat.     

An optimal burn‐in policy based on a degradation model

Burn‐in tests help manufacturers detect defective items and remove them before being sold to customers. In a competitive marketplace, cost is a major consideration and not employing a burn‐in test may result in higher and needless expenses. With this in mind, we consider degradation‐based burn‐in tests in which the degradation path follows a Wiener process and weak items are identified when the process crosses a piecewise linear function. We also study linear functions as a special case of such a piecewise linear barrier. Within this setup, we apply a cost model to determine the optimal burn‐in test. Finally, we discuss an illustrative example using GaAs laser degradation data and present an optimal burn‐in test for it.     

关于Pareto极值问题

[1]中研究了Pareto极值问题.[3]中部分地改进了[2]中的结果.本文给出Pareto极值存在的一个一般结论,这一结论包含了[2][3]中的有关结论作为特殊情况.利用弱拓扑还讨论了强-Pareto极值的存在性,从而在比[2][3]有关定理更弱的条件下,获得了更强的结论.     

3‐D spatio–temporal structures of biofilms in a water channel

We develop a numerical predictive tool for multiphase fluid mixtures consisting of biofilms grown in a viscous fluid matrix by implementing a second‐order finite difference discretization of the multiphase biofilm model developed recently on a general purpose graphic processing unit. With this numerical tool, we study a 3‐D biomass–flow interaction resulting in biomass growth, structure formation, deformation, and detachment phenomena in biofilms grown in a water channel in quiescent state and subject to a shear flow condition, respectively. The numerical investigation is limited in the viscous regime of the biofilm–solvent mixture. In quiescent flows, the model predicts growth patterns consistent with experimental findings for single or multiple adjacent biofilm colonies, the so‐called mushroom shape growth pattern. The simulated biomass growth both in density and thickness matches very well with the experimentally grown biofilm in a water channel. When shear is imposed at a boundary, our numerical studies reproduce wavy patterns, pinching, and streaming phenomena observed in biofilms grown in a water channel. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

激波在异种气体中传播及诱导的剪切混合研究

利用二阶迎风TVD格式求解多组分,层流全N－S方程,针对直通道和突扩直通道,研究了马赫数为2和4的激波在H2和空气界面上的传播及诱导的燃料剪切混合,计算结果表明：（1）直通道中,剪切层中的激波阵面要发生畸变,存在对混合起主要作用的卷吸涡,激波马赫数不同,卷吸涡结构和横向混合的尺寸也不同,激波马赫数低,剪切混合效果好,（2）在突扩直通道中,马赫数为2和4的激波在H2中产生不同强度激波,在剪切层中都能产生顺时针,尺度较大的卷吸涡,后台阶增强了剪切层的混合。     

随机Solow经济增长模型及其解的性质

１９８７年诺贝尔（Ｎｏｂｅｌ）经济学奖获得者Ｓｏｌｏｗ教授，建立了确定性的经济增长模型（１９５６年）．它比较真实地描述了现实世界申的确定性的经济增长状况，然而对不确定性的现象，往往误差较大，甚至失效．本文把Ｓｏｌｏｗ模型扩展到随机情形，扩展了Ｂａｎａｃｈ压缩映像原理和不动点定理，获得了随机Ｓｏｌｏｗ模型主要方程和随机解的一些性质．     

Quantum Mechanics in Riemannian Space: Different Approaches to Quantization of the Geodesic Motion Compared

We compare different approaches to the construction of the quantum mechanics of a particle in the general Riemannian space and space–time via quantization of motion along geodesic lines. We briefly review different quantization formalisms and the difficulties arising in their application to geodesic motion in a Riemannian configuration space. We then consider canonical, semiclassical (Pauli–De Witt), and Feynman (path-integral) formalisms in more detail and compare the quantum Hamiltonians of a particle arising in these models in the case of a static, topological elementary Riemannian configuration space. This allows selecting a unique ordering rule for the coordinate and momentum operators in the canonical formalism and a unique definition of the path integral that eliminates a part of the arbitrariness involved in the construction of the quantum mechanics of a particle in the Riemannian space. We also propose a geometric explanation of another main problem in quantization, the noninvariance of the quantum Hamiltonian and the path integral under configuration space diffeomorphisms.     

Motion transformation in a higher order dimensional space

The objective of the work presented in this paper is an attempt at solving and transforming of the known from the classical mechanics two dimensional-plane single mass mechanical and mathematical vibration models in a higher order dimensional space with any virtual sectional curvature-positive or negative, constant or variable. A characterization of the Riemannian manifolds is performed by means of curvature operators. The computer codes Mathematica and MATLAB are used in the numerical simulation. The objects of the investigation are a sphere – with a positive constant sectional curvature, a cylinder-with a zero constant sectional curvature, helicoid-with a negative variable sectional curvature, a torus-with a variable (±) sectional curvature, any virtual surface of second order-with a variable (±) sectional curvature, pseudo-sphere – with a negative constant sectional curvature and a saddle-with a negative variable sectional curvature. The system motion is investigated in a qualitative aspect in time and frequency domain on the cited surfaces. The common algorithm derived in the paper can transform any motion from 3D space to curved manifold. We can derive the trajectory in an explicit form on the curved manifold. We can change the trajectory by a suitable variation of the curved manifold.     

Reduced products and sheaves of metric structures

We introduce reduced products in continuous logic, and provide ways to establish satisfaction in the reduced product based on the satisfaction in its fibers, and conversely, on the lines that Horn and Chang did for reduced products in classical logic. We also consider a definition of a sheaf of metric structures, endow its stalks with a metric prestructure, and determine what filters can be used so that a collection of reduced products of arbitrary structures forms a sheaf on a given index space.     

Adapted complex structures in a neighborhood of an isotropic embedding

Let (X, ω) be a symplectic manifold and ι: M ? X an isotropic embedding, ι*ω = 0. The isotropie embedding theorem gives a local normal form of X in a neighborhood of M, in particular a natural potential α of ω, ?dα = ω. Now, given certain geometrical structures on M and on the symplectic normal bundle of M, in particular inducing a natural energy momentum function H in a neighborhood of M, we construct a natural complex structure J in a neighborhood of M satisfying certain initial conditions associated to the given initial data along M and satisfying the equation (in J): d^c H = α. This generalizes a theorem of Guillemin-Stenzel and Lempert-Szöke in the Lagrangean case.     

An initial boundary value problem for a pseudoparabolic equation with a nonlinear boundary condition

An initial boundary value problem for a quasilinear equation of pseudoparabolic type with a nonlinear boundary condition of the Neumann–Dirichlet type is investigated in this work. From a physical point of view, the initial boundary value problem considered here is a mathematical model of quasistationary processes in semiconductors and magnets, which takes into account a wide variety of physical factors. Many approximate methods are suitable for finding eigenvalues and eigenfunctions in problems where the boundary conditions are linear with respect to the desired function and its derivatives. Among these methods, the Galerkin method leads to the simplest calculations. On the basis of a priori estimates, we prove a local existence theorem and uniqueness for a weak generalized solution of the initial boundary value problem for the quasilinear pseudoparabolic equation. A special place in the theory of nonlinear equations is occupied by the study of unbounded solutions, or, as they are called in another way, blow-up regimes. Nonlinear evolutionary problems admitting unbounded solutions are globally unsolvable. In the article, sufficient conditions for the blow-up of a solution in a finite time in a limited area with a nonlinear Neumann–Dirichlet boundary condition are obtained.     

Model order reduction by projection applied to the universal Reynolds equation

The approach presented in this paper yields a reduced order solution to the universal Reynolds equation for incompressible fluids, which is valid in lubrication as well as in cavitation regions, applied to oil-film lubricated journal bearings in internal combustion engines. The extent of cavitation region poses a free boundary condition to the problem and is determined by an iterative spatial evaluation of a superposed modal solution. Using a Condensed Galerkin and Petrov–Galerkin method, the number of degrees of freedom of the original grid is reduced to obtain a fast but still accurate short-term prediction of the solution. Based on the assumption that a detailed solution of a previous combustion cycle is available, a basis and an optimal test space for the Galerkin method is generated. The resulting reduced order model is efficiently exploited in a time-saving evaluation of the Jacobian matrix describing the elastohydrodynamic coupling in a multi-body dynamics simulation using flexible components. Finally, numerical results are presented for a single crankshaft main bearing of typical dimensions.     

锥中调和函数的下界及其应用

本文首先给出锥中一类调和函数的下界,所得结果推广了张艳慧、邓冠铁和高洁欣在半空间中的相关结论;作为应用,接着证明了锥中的Levin型定理;最后,给出了锥中Dirichlet问题解积分表示形式的唯一性定理.     

A multicomponent flow model in deformable porous media

We propose a model for multicomponent flow of immiscible fluids in a deformable porous medium accounting for capillary hysteresis. Oil, water, and air in the soil pores offer a typical example of a real situation occurring in practice. We state the problem within the formalism of continuum mechanics as a slow diffusion process in Lagrange coordinates. The balance laws for volumes, masses, and momentum lead to a degenerate parabolic PDE system. In the special case of a rigid solid matrix material and three fluid components, we prove under further technical assumptions that the system is mathematically well posed in a small neighborhood of an equilibrium.