基于有限元的金属基短纤维复合材料MMC的一种统计蠕变模型

在有限元分析的基础上建立了一个单向应力状态下金属基短纤维复合材料(MMC)的统计蠕变模型.首先建立细胞模型并进行有限元分析,得到了单向应力状态下材料细观尺寸及载荷方向对宏观蠕变响应的影响规律.通过在细胞模型中增加一界面层(考虑材料特性和厚度)来研究基体和纤维的界面对MMC宏观蠕变响应的影响.基于细胞模型的数值结果,提出了一适用于纤维平面随机分布的随机统计模型,该模型考虑了纤维的断裂.通过试验获得纤维的统计分布规律.分析结果表明随机统计模型可以满意地描述试验结果.进一步讨论了材料细观尺寸,纤维的断裂特性以及界面层的材料特性和厚度对MMC宏观蠕变响应的影响.     

畴极化转动对多晶铁电材料断裂特性的影响

主要基于细观力学方法揭示了畴极化转动对多晶铁电陶瓷的各向异性断裂特性的平均影响。首先,用Eshelby-Mori-Tanaka理论和统计模型分析了无穷大铁电材料体中一椭球夹杂的内、外电弹性场,得到畴极化转动对电弹性场的平均影响;其次,推导了等效多晶铁电陶瓷中含一钱币状裂纹的裂纹扩展力(能量释放率)G_ext,并用它估计了畴极化转动对多晶铁电陶瓷断裂特性的影响。对BaTiO₃陶瓷中裂纹扩展力的计算结果表明,对多晶铁电材料断裂特性分析必须考虑畴极化转动的影响。计算结果得出了与实验相一致的结论:在受较小的力时,外加电场对裂纹扩展产生较大的影响,而且在某种程度上能促进了裂纹扩展。     

韧断微裂纹形核的原位观察与研究

本文通过对310不锈钢薄膜进行透射电子显微镜的原位拉伸观察,研究了韧断微裂纹的形核及向空洞的转化过程,并用细观断裂力学研究微裂纹的形核机理,结果表明,裂尖或其附近位错源发射位错后,裂尖仍有可能保持不钝化,裂尖无位错区是一个高应变的弹性区,裂尖局部区域内的应力可以达到原子键合力,从而导致一个或多个解理微裂纹优先在无位错区中形核,通过微裂纹发射位错或周围位错源的开动,微裂纹钝化成空洞,和主裂纹连接后导致塑性裂纹的“Z”字型扩展,微裂纹也可在钝化的主裂纹顶端形核,通过钝化、再形核方式导致韧断裂纹的连续扩展。     

统一的解理断裂统计模型

根据微裂纹的解理断裂强度服从三参数Weibull分布的假设和最薄弱链理论,推导出了低合金结构钢的解理断裂统计模型.由模型的一般表达式结合裂纹、缺口和光滑试样具体的应力分布,进一步推导出了这三种试样的解理断裂统计模型.并以临界应力强度因子K_IC、断裂载荷L_F和断裂真应力σ_F作为控制参量,分别建立了裂纹、缺口和光滑试样的解理断裂统计判据.采用热模拟技术,在15MnVN钢中得到了焊接过热区粒状贝氏体组织,在-196—20℃的温度范围内,对热模拟后的材料分别进行了光滑试样的单轴拉伸试验、缺口试样的四点弯曲试验、裂纹试样的三点弯曲试验,所测得的光滑试样的断裂真应力、缺口试样的断裂载荷以及裂纹试样的K_IC与统计模型所预测的相应参量的变化趋势及其分散带完全一致,从而在扩展控制的解理温度区间里,首次统一了不同试样、加载方式条件下材料的解理断裂行为.     

玻璃态高聚物损伤断裂的非平衡统计理论

从细观层次的微裂纹在银纹内扩展模型出发,结合断裂力学与断裂动力学描述了裂尖前缘银纹质断裂所引起的微裂纹扩展动力学过程.把银纹几何结构和力学参数引入到微裂纹演化方程中,得到了随时间演化的微裂纹尺寸统计分布函数,并给出了微裂纹尺寸矩生成函数与任意阶宏观损伤函数.若微裂纹之间不存在相互作用且微裂纹在材料内部随机取向时,推导出了玻璃态高聚物的断裂几率及可靠性的普遍解析表达式.当微裂纹数目较大时,得到了断裂几率的极限形式——Gumbel分布及平均断裂强度与方差.     

非局部弹性体中的裂纹问题

本文由裂纹的位错塞积模型求解了非局部弹性体中的直线裂纹问题。得到的裂纹尖端应力为有限值。提出在非局部应力边界条件中必须考虑裂纹上、下表面间的长程内聚力。给出了物理意义更加明确的脆断表面能定义。导出了表面能、理论强度、临界断裂判据、裂纹尖端曲率半径等一系列结果。对非局部混合边值问题提出了以经典位移场为基础的求解方案。     

CSM玻璃钢复合型断裂的有限元分析

对切短玻璃纤维毡增强聚脂层板的复合型断裂进行了有限元分析。采用八节点四边形等参元的正规型式计算应力分布与损伤区扩展;而用坍塌(collapsed)三角形四分之一点(quarter-point)奇异元计算应力强度因子K_Ⅰ与K_Ⅱ。用节点位移约束与释放技术计算了裂纹扩展过程。对决定应力强度因子K_Ⅰ与K_Ⅱ的三种方法进行了对比。对施加于裂纹顶点节点约束条件的影响进行了评价。最后基于实验测得的断裂载荷与临界裂纹长度,估算了材料在这种受力条件下的复合型临界应力强度因子K_ⅠC和K_ⅡC。     

含内聚裂纹弹性体的能量释放率与断裂能

根据内聚裂纹模型,含裂纹的弹性体在裂纹尖端附近存在一内聚区,内聚区断裂参数表达是其核心研究内容.该文假定弹性平板直线裂纹尖端存在一带状内聚区,并由一条虚拟线裂纹代替,其张开位移与内聚力存在确定的非线性函数关系.以Ⅰ型边裂纹为例,导出了满足虚拟裂纹条件的解析解;在此基础上给出了物理裂纹尖端扩展的能量释放率G_a、内聚裂纹尖端扩展的能量释放率G_b的计算公式;讨论了G_b,J积分和断裂能G_F之间的关系;从理论上证明了临界能量释放率G_bc就是断裂能G_F,G_bc可以作为含内聚区材料裂纹失稳扩展的断裂参数.提出的方法适用于所有含Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型内聚裂纹的弹性体.     

爆炸和冲击载荷下金属材料及结构的动态失效仿真

通过数值模拟研究爆炸冲击载荷下金属材料和结构的动态失效规律对表征爆炸冲击毁伤效应及设计新型抗冲击结构具有重要意义.强动载下金属材料失效涉及材料大变形、热力耦合、材料状态变化等多个复杂物理过程,给数值仿真带来了极大挑战,其中包括裂纹、剪切带等复杂失效模式的几何描述、动态失效准则的确定、塑性与损伤耦合演化的描述等问题.针对这些挑战性问题,基于能量变分建立描述金属动态失效过程的热弹塑性相场理论和计算模型,实现了断裂与剪切带失效模式的统一描述,并提出了其显式有限元高效求解策略.进一步将该模型应用于爆炸冲击载荷下金属脆韧失效模式转变、绝热剪切带（ASBs）自组织及冲击波作用下薄壁圆盘失效形式转变三个典型金属动态失效问题,验证了理论模型的准确性及计算模型的稳健性.该工作为后续开展基于仿真的爆炸冲击毁伤评估及防护结构设计研究奠定了基础.     

纯弯曲矩形截面梁Ⅰ型单边裂纹端部的应力应变场及裂纹失稳扩展临界应力的计算

本文应用文[1]的分析方法,研究了纯弯曲矩形载面梁Ⅰ型单边裂纹端部的应力应变场,给出了裂纹尖端的应力应变分量和计算裂纹端部弹性变形区和变形强化区宽度的公式以及计算裂纹失稳扩展临界应力的方程组。最后用计算实例对裂纹失稳扩展临界应力方程组进行了验证,最大误差不超过0.18%.     

Ductile failure with gradient plasticity coupled to the phase-field fracture at finite strains

Most metals fail in a ductile fashion, i.e, fracture is preceded by significant plastic deformation. The modeling of failure in ductile metals must account for complex phenomena at micro-scale, such as nucleation, growth and coalescence of micro-voids. In this work, we start with von-Mises plasticity model without considering void generation. The modeling of macroscopic cracks can be achieved in a convenient way by the continuum phase field approaches to fracture, which are based on the regularization of sharp crack discontinuities [1]. This avoids the use of complex discretization methods for crack discontinuities and can account for complex crack patterns. The key aspect of this work is the extension of the energetic and the stress-based phase field driving force function in brittle fracture to account for a coupled elasto-plastic response in line with our recent work [3]. We develop a new theoretical and computational framework for the phase field modeling of ductile fracture in elastic-plastic solids. To account for large strains, the constitutive model is constructed in the logarithmic strain space, which simplify the model equations and results in a formulation similar to small strains. We demonstrate the modeling capabilities and algorithmic performance of the proposed formulation by representative simulations of ductile failure mechanisms in metals. (© 2015 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Conditions of the ductile-brittle transition in failure of polymer materials

Conclusions The polymer materials are characterized by the transition from ductile to brittle fracture with increasing loading rate and decreasing temperature. The brittle fracture susceptibility of the material can be determined on the basis of the critical size of the defect/ crack. The measure of the cracking resistance of plastics can often be represented by the material scale of the crack length. The quality of the critical size of the defect/crack to the material scale of the crack length can be used as a criterion determining the conditions of transition from ductile to brittle fracture.Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, No. 5, pp. 779–785, September–October, 1988.     

Constitutive modeling of void-growth-based tensile ductile failures with stress triaxiality effects

In most metals and alloys, the evolution of voids has been generally recognized as the basic failure mechanism. Furthermore, stress triaxiality has been found to influence void growth dramatically. Besides strain intensity, it is understood to be the most important factor that controls the initiation of ductile fracture. We include sensitivity of stress triaxiality in a variational porous plasticity model, which was originally derived from hydrostatic expansion. Under loading conditions rather than hydrostatic deformation, we allow the critical pressure for voids to be exceeded so that the growth due to plasticity becomes dependent on the stress triaxiality. The limitations of the spherical void growth assumption are investigated. Our improved constitutive model is validated through good agreements with experimental data. Its capacity for reproducing realistic failure patterns is also indicated by a numerical simulation of a compact tensile (CT) test.     

Modeling ductile to brittle transition temperature of functionally graded steels by ANFIS

In the present paper, a model based on adaptive network-based fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) for predicting ductile to brittle transition temperature of functionally graded steels in both crack divider and crack arrester configurations has been presented. Functionally graded steels containing graded ferritic and austenitic regions together with bainite and martensite intermediate layers were produced by electroslag remelting. To build the model, training and testing using experimental results from 140 specimens were conducted. The used data as inputs in ANFIS models are arranged in a format of six parameters that cover the FGS type, the crack tip configuration, the thickness of graded ferritic region, the thickness of graded austenitic region, the distance of the notch from bainite or martensite intermediate layer and temperature. According to these input parameters, in the ANFIS models, the ductile to brittle transition temperature of each FGS specimen was predicted. The training and testing results in the ANFIS models have shown a strong potential for predicting the ductile to brittle transition temperature of each FGS specimen.     

Instability in a delay-PDE model of earthquake occurrence

Summary Ductile deformation prior to brittle fracture in rocks causes fracture to take place with a time delay after the critical stress for fracture is reached, in the presence of an increasing load stress. We discuss the stability of a stochastic model of interactive earthquake occurrence under the influence of time delays resulting from the ductile process. A threshold for oscillatory behavior is found for large enough coupling and discrete time delays. The system is stable if the time delays are spread over a broad time interval, even for large coupling.     

Phase Field Modeling of Brittle and Ductile Fracture

The phase field modeling of brittle fracture was a topic of intense research in the last few years and is now well-established. We refer to the work [1-3], where a thermodynamically consistent framework was developed. The main advantage is that the phase-field-type diffusive crack approach is a smooth continuum formulation which avoids the modeling of discontinuities and can be implemented in a straightforward manner by multi-field finite element methods. Therefore complex crack patterns including branching can be resolved easily. In this paper, we extend the recently outlined phase field model of brittle crack propagation [1-3] towards the analysis of ductile fracture in elastic-plastic solids. In particular, we propose a formulation that is able to predict the brittle-to-ductile failure mode transition under dynamic loading that was first observed in experiments by Kalthoff and Winkler [4]. To this end, we outline a new thermodynamically consistent framework for phase field models of crack propagation in ductile elastic-plastic solids under dynamic loading, develop an incremental variational principle and consider its robust numerical implementation by a multi-field finite element method. The performance of the proposed phase field formulation of fracture is demonstrated by means of the numerical simulation of the classical Kalthoff-Winkler experiment that shows the dynamic failure mode transition. (© 2013 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

A Phase Field Model for Ductile to Brittle Failure Mode Transition

The computational modeling of failure mechanisms in solids due to fracture based on sharp crack discontinuities suffers in dynamic problems with complex crack topologies. This can be overcome by a diffusive crack modeling based on the introduction of a crack phase field. We outline a conceptual framework for phase field models of crack propagation in brittle elastic and ductile elastic-plastic solids under dynamic loading and investigate the ductile to brittle failure mode transition observed in the experiment performed by Kalthoff and Winkeler [3]. We develop incremental variational principles and consider their numerical implementations by multi-field finite element methods. To this end, we define energy storage and dissipation functions for the plastic flow including the fracture phase field. The introduction of local history fields that drive the evolution of the crack phase field inspires the construction of robust operator split schemes. (© 2012 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Three-dimensional cell model analysis of ductile damage under dynamic loading condition

The paper deals with the damage and fracture behavior of ductile metals under dynamic loading conditions. The in [1–3] presented phenomenological continuum damage and fracture model, which takes into account the rate- and temperature-dependence of the material, provides reasonable results of experiments with high strain rates while the identification of the corresponding material parameters results difficult from the available experimental data. This lack of information can be resolved by micro-mechanical numerical simulations of void containing unit-cells. In this context results of dynamic micro-mechanical simulations are presented which can be used to study the damage effects on the micro-scale and to validate the rate-dependent continuum damage model. (© 2014 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

论复合型脆断的周向应变因子准则

本文讨论了线弹性断裂力学的复合型断裂准则.推荐了周向应变因子准则.     

滑开型断裂的复合型脆断判据

众所周知,现有的复合型脆断判据都是张开型断裂判据.我们认为亦存在着滑开型断裂的复合型脆断,从而提出三个滑开型断裂的复合型脆断判据:径向剪应力判据、最大剪应力判据及歪形应变能密度判据.这样,我们就能全面解释带裂纹的构件的脆断现象.