堆浸工艺中流动-反应-变形-传质耦合过程数值模拟及应用

基于堆浸过程中的孔隙变形,发展了一孔隙发育模型,并建立了堆浸工艺中流动-反应-变形-传质全耦合模型控制方程组,在喷淋强度不变和常水头的的情况下,给出了方程的数值解.数值结果描述了浸出过程矿堆中溶浸液饱和度的分布、溶浸剂浓度和浸出矿石浓度的分布,拟合结果表明:有用矿物浸出百分比与浸出时间之间呈3次关系,这一关系可用来预测堆浸中的有用金属的浸出回收率.     

堆浸浸出率灰色动态GDM(1,1)预测研究

基于灰色系统理论扩展了GM(1,1)模型建模方法.给出了一些既改善原始数据列的光滑度,又减少还原误差的变换函数构造条件.首次将灰色动态模型结合变换函数应用于堆浸过程浸出率的预测.结果表明:该方法预测精度高,为实现浸出动力学未来行为的预测和控制提供了一种新的方法.     

车灯线光源的优化设计

通过运用光学成像原理和空间解析几何上向量和平面的一些知识,将立体中的几何问题转化为平面几何问题来解决,对车灯线光源进行优化设计,建立模型.通过数学软件计算线光源长度,使线光源的功率最小.对得到的线光源长度,在有标尺的坐标系中画出测试屏上反射光的亮区,最后本文讨论该设计规范的合理性.     

二维土壤溶质输运方程的有限体积元格式

本文导出二维的土壤溶质输运方程的有限体积元格式, 并分析其误差.通过数值例子说明, 有限体积元格式比有限元格式稳定.     

双重介质中溶质径向运移微分方程组的精确解

本文对溶质径向运移问题综合了数学模型,考虑了非均衡线性吸附作用和介质的双重性质以及溶质的衰变.在第一类边值条件下,用Laplace变换求得了严格的解析解.用FORTRAN程序在DJS-040机上对无量纲化的问题解进行了计算.求出了浓度的分布和变化,讨论了有实际意义的各种极限情况并给出了相应的解,通过数值分析,得出了几点有价值的结论.     

中空纤维透析器全血传质的双室模型

在本文中,我们建立了中空纤维透析器中全血传质的双室模型,并给出该模型的解析解;也给出了用尿素、肌酐和尿酸三种溶质进行实验验证的结果,从中发现传统的单室模型仅适于描述尿素在全血中的传质动力学,而对肌酐和尿酸则宜用本文的双室模型来描述。     

基于马尔科夫状态转移的中国股票市场行业板块波动性与相关性研究

利用马尔科夫状态转移.ARCH模型(SWARCH)来研究中国股票市场行业板块的波动性和相关性.首先对证监会划分的18个一级行业进行初步分析,建立单变量SWARCH模型,发现中国股票市场各行业板块均能够显著地分为高波动和低波动两个区制;接着利用双变量SWARCH模型对行业板块间的相关性进行研究,发现各行业板块之间的相关性在高波动区制显著高于低波动区制.所得的研究结论可以为投资者提高投资组合收益率提供参考依据.     

非粘性土壤中溶质运移问题的守恒混合有限元法及其数值模拟

奉文建立了非粘性土壤水中溶质运移问题的守恒混合元格式,讨论了广义解和混合元解的存在唯一性,并给出了误差估计.数值模拟结果表叫,用该方法模拟溶质运移问题是合理有效的,不仅提高了通量的模拟精度,而且使计算稳定.     

土壤水流与溶质耦合运移问题的混合元-迎风广义差分法研究

本文研究了一维非饱和土壤水流与溶质耦合运移问题的数学模型, 建立了求其数值解的守恒混合元-迎风广义差分格式. 对非线性土壤水分入渗方程, 采用守恒混合元法进行离散模拟, 同时得到了土壤含水量和水分通量; 而对对流-扩散形式的溶质运移方程, 利用迎风的广义差分法离散求解. 且分析了解的存在唯一性, 并讨论了误差估计. 最后给出数值算例, 模拟结果表明利用本文格式来求解非饱和土壤水流与溶质耦合运移问题是可靠的, 且该格式具有稳定性和可实用性.     

污染物在非饱和带内运移的流固耦合数学模型及其渐近解

污染物在非饱和带中运移过程是多组分多相渗流问题.在考虑气相的存在对水相影响的前提下,基于流固耦合力学理论,建立了污染物在非饱和带内运移的流固耦合数学模型.对该强非线性数学模型采用摄动法及积分变换法进行拟解析求解,得出了解析表达式.对非饱和带内的孔隙压力分布、孔隙水流速以及污染物的浓度在耦合与非耦合气相条件下的分布规律进行解析计算.对该渐近解与Faust模型的计算结果进行了对比分析,结果表明:该模型解与Faust解基本吻合,且气相作用以及介质的变形对溶质的输运过程产生较大的影响,从而验证了解析表达式的正确性和实用性.这为定量化预报预测污染物在非饱和带中迁移转化和实验室确定压力-饱和度-渗透率三者之间的关系提供了可靠的理论依据.     

Numerical simulation of slugging of stagnant liquid at a V-shaped elbow in a pipeline

Numerical simulation of slugging of a stagnant liquid at a V-shaped elbow in a hilly-terrain pipeline is carried out using a three-dimensional two-fluid model. The free surface treatment for the interfacial area density is employed to describe the interaction between the phases. Comparisons with experimental data show that this numerical model is able to simulate slug development from static puddle. The onset of slugging is also predictable with reasonable accuracy. The mechanism of the onset of slugging is discussed based on the numerical predictions. The predictions make it clear that the pressure drop of gas flow at the V-shaped elbow induces the difference in the liquid level between upstream and downstream regions of the V-shaped elbow, which is the major trigger of the onset of slugging of stagnant liquid at the V-shaped elbow.     

Simultaneously developing flow and heat transfer of non-Newtonian fluids in equilateral triangular duct

A numerical investigation based on the Galerkin finite element method was carried out to solve the full three-dimensional governing equations for simultaneously developing steady laminar flow and heat transfer to a purely viscous non-Newtonian fluid described by a power law model flowing in equilateral triangular ducts. Two commonly used thermal boundary conditions, constant wall temperature (T boundary condition) and constant wall heat flux both axially and peripherally (H2 boundary condition) were examined. It is shown that the Nusselt number distribution along the walls is affected appreciably by the variation of the power law index. Results are presented and discussed for a wide range of power law indices and Prandtl numbers for T and H2 boundary conditions.     

Profile of an unsuccessful process and the criteria for a successful process for the chemical vapor infiltration process

A model for chemical vapor infiltration is analyzed. Consider a cylindrical pore with a reacting and carrier gas flowing in from the left. The gas reacts with the interior of the pore and the result is a solid matrix. The model assumes that the flux due to binary diffusion is negligible. The model also assumes that the reactions are first order.     

Vibrational mixing of granular solids in a horizontal circular cylinder

The hydrodynamic model of an incompressible viscous fluid described by the Navier-Stokes equations is applied to examine the dynamics of motion of a granular substance in a vibrating horizontal circular cylinder. The numerical results are represented by flowline maps for a fixed time moment. The maximum mixing of granular particles is observed in a zone directly adjacent to the wall of the vibrating cylinder and the particle velocities diminish in the direction toward the cylinder axis, which produces almost stagnant zones.Translated from Vychislitel'naya i Prikladnaya Matematika, No. 58, pp. 75–79, 1986.     

Leveling a capillary ridge generated by substrate geometry

The formation of capillary ridges is typical of thin viscous films flowing over a topographical feature. This process is studied by using a two-dimensional model describing the slow motion of a thin viscous nonisothermal liquid film flowing over complex topography. The model is based on the Navier-Stokes equations in the Oberbeck-Boussinesq approximation. The density, surface tension, and viscosity of the liquid are linear functions of temperature. For a nonisothermal flow over a planar substrate with a local heater, the influence of the heater on the free surface is analyzed numerically depending on the buoyancy effect, Marangoni stresses, and variable viscosity. The analysis shows that the film can create its own ridges or valleys depending on the heater and the dominating liquid properties. It is shown that the capillary ridges generated by the substrate features can be optimally leveled by using various types of heaters consistent with the dominating liquid properties. Numerical results for model problems are presented.     

一组水动力学方程组的分步流线差分解法

这篇文章针对一组平面二维水动力学方程组提出了分步流线差分法。用破开算子法将其分成两部分,在空间上用三角形单元的分片线性插值来逼近,在时间步上用沿流线的差分来逼近。并给出了该方法的误差估计和稳定性分析。     

Elasto-viscoplastic fluid flow in tubes of arbitrary cross-section

Elasto-viscoplastic fluid flow in tubes of arbitrary cross-section is explored. A constitutive equation superposing elasticity on the viscoplastic behavior through a linear combination of the non-linear simplified Phan–Thien–Tanner constitutive model of viscoelasticity and the non-linear Bingham constitutive equation of viscoplasticity is developed. The equation of motion is solved analytically for the longitudinal field for steady flow in tubes of non-circular cross-section. The evolution of the plug and stagnant zones, hallmarks of viscoplastic behavior, is studied when elasticity is present, and the rate of flow is determined in terms of the Weissenberg and Bingham numbers. Elasticity tends to enhance the rate of flow for given viscoplastic conditions, and stagnant and plug zone configurations are substantially altered.     

A stratified model of flow in a coastal trench

A stratified model of the circulation in a deep, narrow trench adjacent to a coast is described. The flow in the trench is driven by surface wind stress, coastal runoff and inflow at one end. The model is being developed to investigate the Norwegian coastal current flowing through the Norwegian Trench.     

Determination of the underground contour of a submerged apron with a region of constant velocity when there is a salt backwater

Within the framework of two-dimensional seepage theory, the underground contour of a submerged apron with a region of constant velocity in the case where there is a layer of stagnant salt water under the apron is constructed. The solution of the corresponding boundary-value problem is found by Polubarinova-Kochina's method [1] using the results obtained in [2]. The results of numerical calculations are given and the influence of the fundamental defining parameters of the model on the shape and size of the underground contour of the apron is analysed. Mention is made of special and limiting cases: a scheme with a water-confining stratum [3], an unsubmerged apron [2] and flow around a tongue [4,5].     

Capturing the S in segregation: a simple model of flowing granular mixtures in rotating drums

Flowing granular mixtures in rotating cylindrical drums arise in numerous industrial settings and are of great technological significance worldwide. To date, the development of a robust mathematical model for this process remains an open research problem. However, simple mathematical models may be developed that capture some of the underlying mechanisms, including segregation. The key lies in the analysis of the flowing surface layer whose profile is characteristically S-shaped: past models have shown that capturing this characteristic is an essential ingredient in predicting segregation. Using secondary to first-year undergraduate level mathematics, an analysis is presented of the flowing surface layer, which leads to an S-shaped profile. This problem presents an ideal case study for teaching applied mathematics and modelling. Interesting simulations that aid the visualization of this problem can be downloaded from the web, and simple classroom demonstrations of this process can be assembled with no specialized equipment.