On the 1/3–2/3 Conjecture

Let (P, ≤) be a finite poset (partially ordered set), where P has cardinality n. Consider linear extensions of P as permutations x₁x₂?x_n in one-line notation. For distinct elements x, y ∈ P, we define ?(x ? y) to be the proportion of linear extensions of P in which x comes before y. For \(0\leq \alpha \leq \frac {1}{2}\), we say (x, y) is an α-balanced pair if α ≤ ?(x ? y) ≤?1 ? α. The 1/3–2/3 Conjecture states that every finite partially ordered set which is not a chain has a 1/3-balanced pair. We make progress on this conjecture by showing that it holds for certain families of posets. These include lattices such as the Boolean, set partition, and subspace lattices; partial orders that arise from a Young diagram; and some partial orders of dimension 2. We also consider various posets which satisfy the stronger condition of having a 1/2-balanced pair. For example, this happens when the poset has an automorphism with a cycle of length 2. Various questions for future research are posed.     

Tail asymptotics for the queue size distribution in the MAP/G/1 retrial queue

We consider a MAP/G/1 retrial queue where the service time distribution has a finite exponential moment. We derive matrix differential equations for the vector probability generating functions of the stationary queue size distributions. Using these equations, Perron–Frobenius theory, and the Karamata Tauberian theorem, we obtain the tail asymptotics of the queue size distribution. The main result on light-tailed asymptotics is an extension of the result in Kim et al. (J. Appl. Probab. 44:1111–1118, 2007) on the M/G/1 retrial queue.     

On the conjugacy problem in the group F/N 1 ∩ N 2

Let N ₁ (N ₂) be the normal closure of a finite symmetrized set R ₁ (R ₂, respectively) in a finitely generated free group F = F(A). As is known, if R _i satisfies condition C(6), then the conjugacy problem is decidable in F/N _i . In the paper, it is proved that, if one adds to condition C(6) on the set R ₁ ∪ R ₂ the atoricity condition for the presentation 〈A | R ₁, R ₂〉, then the conjugacy problem is decidable in the group F/N ₁ ∩ N ₂ as well. In particular, for the decidability of the conjugacy problem in F/N ₁ ∩ N ₂, it is sufficient to assume that the set R ₁ ∪ R ₂ satisfies condition C(7).     

The 1/n expansion in the Gross-Neveu model: Conformal bootstrap calculation of the index η in order 1/n 3

Using the conformal invariance of the Green's functions for the fields in the Gross-Neveu model in the critical regime that was proved earlier, we now use the conformal-bootstrap method for arbitrary space dimensiond to calculate the critical dimension of the master field (index ) in order 1/n ³ and of the auxiliary field in order 1/n ², i.e., to an order higher by one than the previously known results.In memory of M. K. PolivanovSt Petersburg State University. Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 94, No. 2, pp. 179–192, February, 1993.     

On the boundedness of the L1-norm of Walsh–Fejér kernels

In this paper we establish an iteration for the $L^1$-norm of Walsh–Fejér kernels with the assumption that the Walsh functions are ordered in Paley's sense. We use this iteration to prove some properties of this sequence, including that its supremum is exactly equal to $\frac{17}{15}$.     

RESEARCH ANNOUNCEMENTS On the Diophantine Equations ax~n-1/ax-1=y~2 and ax~n 1/ax 1= y~2

In this paper,we apply the extension of the St(o|¨)rmer theorem on the Pell equ-ation to the following equations(2)and(3),to obtain some more deep results.For example,a famous result of Ljunggren,can be concluded from a simple Coro-llary of Theorem.     

1/x_3=1/x_1+1/x_2

春耕一片田地,甲队单独进行a天可以完成,乙队单独进行b天可以完成。甲、乙两队合耕几天可以完成? 设甲、乙两队合耕x天可以完成,那末 1/x=1/a+1/b 两根导线的电阻分别是R_1和R_2,则其总电阻R满足等式 1/R=1/R_1+1/R_2。物体、象和焦点到透镜的距离这三个量之间有下列关系: 1/f+1/q=1/h。以上三个实际问题反映到数学中来,就是研究x_1,x_2,x_3这三个正量之间的下列关系: 1/x_3=1/x_1+1/x_2。(*) 在等式(*)中,如果x_1,x_2两个量已知,那么我们可以用解分式方程的方法,解得 x=x_1x_2/(x_1+x_2)。(*′)     

Bounds on the Chvátal Rank of Polytopes in the 0/1-Cube*

Gomorys and Chvátals cutting-plane procedure proves recursively the validity of linear inequalities for the integer hull of a given polyhedron. The Chvátal rank of the polyhedron is the number of rounds needed to obtain all valid inequalities. It is well known that the Chvátal rank can be arbitrarily large, even if the polyhedron is bounded, if it is 2-dimensional, and if its integer hull is a 0/1-polytope.We show that the Chvátal rank of polyhedra featured in common relaxations of many combinatorial optimization problems is rather small; in fact, we prove that the rank of every polytope contained in the n-dimensional 0/1-cube is at most n ² (1+log n). Moreover, we also demonstrate that the rank of any polytope in the 0/1-cube whose integer hull is defined by inequalities with constant coefficients is O(n).Finally, we provide a family of polytopes contained in the 0/1-cube whose Chvátal rank is at least (1 + ) n, for some > 0.* An extended abstract of this paper appeared in the Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Integer Programming and Combinatorial Optimization [20].     

零点有次线性项的椭圆问题的变号解

Abstract. It is proved that the semilinear elliptic problem with zero boundary value     

非对称Cantor集的Hausdorff中心测度

§ 1　 IntroductionThe class of Cantor sets is a typical one of sets in fractal geometry.Mathematicianshave paid their attentions to such sets for a long time.Itis well known that the Hausdorffmeasure of the Cantor middle- third set is1(see[1]) .Recently,Feng[3] obtained the exactvalues of the packing measure for a class of linear Cantor sets.Using Feng s method,Zhuand Zhou[5] obtained the exactvalue of Hausdorff centred measure of the symmetry Cantorsets.In this papar,we consider the Ha…     

The Ξ operator and its relation to Krein's spectral shift function

We explore connections between Krein's spectral shift function ζ(λ,H ₀, H) associated with the pair of self-adjoint operators (H ₀, H),H=H ₀+V, in a Hilbert spaceH and the recently introduced concept of a spectral shift operator Ξ(J+K ^*(H ₀−λ−i0)⁻¹ K) associated with the operator-valued Herglotz functionJ+K ^*(H ₀−z)⁻¹ K, Im(z)>0 inH, whereV=KJK ^* andJ=sgn(V). Our principal results include a new representation for ζ(λ,H ₀,H) in terms of an averaged index for the Fredholm pair of self-adjoint spectral projections (E J+A(λ)+tB(λ)(−∞, 0)),E _J((−∞, 0))), ℝ, whereA(λ)=Re(K ^*(H ₀−λ−i0⁻¹ K),B(λ)=Im(K ^*(H ₀−λ-i0)⁻¹ K) a.e. Moreover, introducing the new concept of a trindex for a pair of operators (A, P) inH, whereA is bounded andP is an orthogonal projection, we prove that ζ(λ,H ₀, H) coincides with the trindex associated with the pair (Ξ(J+K ^*(H ₀−λ−i0)K), Ξ(J)). In addition, we discuss a variant of the Birman-Krein formula relating the trindex of a pair of Ξ operators and the Fredholm determinant of the abstract scattering matrix. We also provide a generalization of the classical Birman—Schwinger principle, replacing the traditional eigenvalue counting functions by appropriate spectral shift functions.     

Proof of some conjectures on the mean-value of Titchmarsh series — III

With some applications in view, the following problem is solved in some special case which is not too special. LetF(s) =Σ _n ^∞ =1a_n λ _n ^−s be a generalized Dirichlet series with 1 =λ ₁ <λ ₂ < …,λ _n≤Dn, andλ _n+1 -λ _n ≥D ^{− 1} λ _n+1 ^{− a} where α>0 andD(≥ 1) are constants. Then subject to analytic continuation and some growth conditions, a lower bound is obtained for . These results will be applied in other papers to appear later.     

The asymptotic behavior of Chern-Simons Higgs model on a compact Riemann surface with boundary

We study the self-dual Chern-Simons Higgs equation on a compact Riemann surface with the Neumann boundary condition.In the previous paper,we show that the Chern-Simons Higgs equation with parameter λ0 has at least two solutions(uλ1,uλ2) for λ sufficiently large,which satisfy that uλ1→u0 almost everywhere as λ→∞,and that uλ2→∞ almost everywhere as λ→∞,where u 0 is a(negative) Green function on M.In this paper,we study the asymptotic behavior of the solutions as λ→∞,and prove that uλ2-uλ2 converges to a solution of the Kazdan-Warner equation if the geodesic curvature of the boundary M is negative,or the geodesic curvature is nonpositive and the Gauss curvature is negative where the geodesic curvature is zero.     

On K 1,k -factorization of bipartite multigraphs

A K1,k-factorization of λKm,n is a set of edge-disjoint K1,k-factors of λKm,n, which partition the set of edges of λKm,n. In this paper, it is proved that a sufficient condition for the existence of K1,k-factorization of λKm,n, whenever k is any positive integer, is that （1） m ≤ kn, （2） n ≤ km, （3） km-n = kn-m ≡ 0 （mod （k^2- 1）） and （4） λ（km-n）（kn-m） ≡ 0 （mod k（k- 1）（k^2 - 1）（m ＋ n））.     

Harmonic Functions,Entropy, and a Characterization of the Hyperbolic Space

Let (M ⁿ ,g) be a compact Riemannian manifold with Ric ≥−(n−1). It is well known that the bottom of spectrum λ ₀ of its universal covering satisfies λ ₀≤(n−1)²/4. We prove that equality holds iff M is hyperbolic. This follows from a sharp estimate for the Kaimanovich entropy. The author was partially supported by NSF Grant 0505645.     

Bifurcations of rough heteroclinic loop with two saddle points

The bifurcation problems of rough 2-point-loop are studied for the case p11 > λ11, p21 < λ21, P11p21 <λ111λ21. where - pi1 < 0 and λi1 > 0 are the pair of principal eigenvalues of unperturbed system at saddle point pi, i = 1,2. Under the transversal and nontwisted conditions, the authors obtain some results of the existence of one 1-periodic orbit, one 1-periodic and one 1-homoclinic loop, two 1-periodic orbits and one 2-fold 1-periodic orbit. Moreover, the bifurcation surfaces and the existence regions are given, and the corresponding bifurcation graph is drawn.     

Explicit evaluations of Turán expressions

Summary Positive representations for [P _n ^(λ) (x)]²−P _n ^−1/(λ) (x)P _n ^+1/(λ) (x) and for analogous expressions involving orthogonal polynomials are obtained. This is an excerpt from the author's doctoral dissertation, written under the direction of ProfessorW. Seidel, to whom the author is grateful for his encouragement and assistance.     

Produits infinis de resolvantes

This paper is concerned with the convergence of the sequence χ _n =(I+λ _n A)⁻¹χ _n−1 whereA is maximal monotone and λ _n >0. Various assumptions onA and λ _n are considered.