固定效应部分线性可加动态面板模型的惩罚二次推断函数估计北大核心CSCD

工具变量法是估计动态面板模型的常用方法,但该方法并没有充分利用现有矩条件,导致所得估计有效性不足.为此,本文首先采用变量变换法消除模型的内生性,再用惩罚二次推断函数法推导出个体内具有一阶自相关结构的固定效应部分线性可加动态面板模型中未知参数和函数的估计;进一步,证明了所得估计量的一致性和渐近正态性,同时还用Monte Carlo模拟实验比较了该方法和半参数GMM法在有限样本下的表现;最后将所述方法应用于实际数据分析中.     

固定效应部分线性可加动态面板模型的惩罚二次推断函数估计

工具变量法是估计动态面板模型的常用方法,但该方法并没有充分利用现有矩条件,导致所得估计有效性不足.为此,本文首先采用变量变换法消除模型的内生性,再用惩罚二次推断函数法推导出个体内具有一阶自相关结构的固定效应部分线性可加动态面板模型中未知参数和函数的估计;进一步,证明了所得估计量的一致性和渐近正态性,同时还用Monte Carlo模拟实验比较了该方法和半参数GMM法在有限样本下的表现;最后将所述方法应用于实际数据分析中.     

固定效应部分线性单指标面板模型的惩罚经验似然估计

结合二次推断函数法、滤子法和经验似然估计法,为个体内存在相关性的部分线性单指标固定效应面板模型建立了惩罚经验似然估计法.在一些正则条件下,推导了模型估计量的大样本性质,证明了所提出的经验似然比渐近于卡方分布.进一步,用Monte Carlo模拟和真实数据分析评价了估计方法在有限样本下的表现.     

具有自相关误差结构的面板数据部分线性单指标模型的统计推断

部分线性单指标模型是在科学研究中具有广泛应用的经典半参数模型之一.本文主要研究具有自相关误差结构的面板数据的部分线性单指标模型的统计推断问题.通过结合局部多项式和纠偏广义估计方程方法,本文提出模型参数的可行加权广义估计(feasible weighted generalized estimating equation estimation, GEE-FW),证明该估计具有相合性和渐近正态性,并且在渐近方差意义下阐明该估计比工作独立的广义估计(generalized estimating equation estimation based on working independence,GEE-WI)更加有效.此外,本文对模型中未知连接函数提出两阶段局部线性估计(two step local linear generalized estimating equation estimation, GEE-TS),建立该估计的渐近性质.数值模拟研究和实际数据分析都表明了本文所提出的方法是有效的,在理论和应用方面均具有良好的表现.     

固定效应部分线性单指数面板模型的快速有效估计及应用

将最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)和二次推断函数法(QIF)相结合,构造了个体内具有相关结构的固定效应部分线性单指数面板模型的新估计方法;在一定的正则条件下,证明了参数估计量的渐近正态性,导出了非参数估计量的收敛速度;Monte Carlo模拟了所述方法在各种相关结构下的有限样本表现,并与惩罚二次推断函数(PQIF)法进行了比较;将估计技术应用于分析我国人口结构与居民消费率的关系.研究发现,该方法改善了估计量的有效性,应用效果良好,程序运行速度快,适合经济变量间的线性和非线性关系研究以及大数据分析.     

基于关系聚类的截面相关PVAR模型研究

面板数据向量自回归模型(PVAR)研究中,相关性问题是热点研究问题。PVAR的相关性源于两个方面,一方面,模型设定中,变量受自身动态过程影响,变量间存在内生关系,另一方面指截面之间存在空间相关性。由于内生关系与截面相关性导致残差项之间存在相关性。本文研究存在截面相关性的PVAR模型,检测残差相关性,将数据从残差项相关性上进行分类,类内有相同或者相似的残差相关关系,研究每一个类内存在截面相关情形的模型估计,研究模型总体的参数估计以及格兰杰因果检验,本文提出的估计方法更有效,蒙特卡罗模拟结果显示,本文提出的估计方法有更好的拟合效果。     

半参数面板空间滞后模型的两阶段最小二乘估计及应用

发展了一种半参数面板空间滞后模型的两阶段最小二乘估计方法.证明了参数分量估计具有渐近正态性且收敛速度为n~(-1/2),非参数分量估计在内点处具有渐近正态性,其收敛速度达到了非参数函数估计的最优收敛速度.并将方法应用于外商直接投资对劳动收入份额的影响分析.     

有偏抽样下带信息观察和删失的面板数据的统计分析

面板数据经常出现在许多研究领域, 比如纵向跟踪研究. 在很多情况下, 纵向反应变量与观察 时间和删失时间都有关系. 本文在有偏抽样下, 针对这些相关性存在的情况, 利用一个不能观察的潜在 变量, 提出了一个联合建模方法来刻画纵向反应变量与观察时间和删失时间的相关性, 获得了模型中 回归参数的估计方程以及估计的渐近性质, 并通过数值模拟验证了这些估计在小样本下也是有效的, 同时把该估计方法用于一组实际的膀胱癌数据分析中.     

单指标变系数模型的B样条估计

单指标变系数模型(SIVCM)是单指标模型和变系数模型的推广,具有更强的解释性.在文章中主要利用B样条逼近技术、轮廓(profile)最小二乘方法和Levenberg-Marquardt算法研究模型指标参数和系数函数的估计问题,证明了估计的相合性、渐近正态性,并通过模拟研究和实例分析,验证了提出的新方法的有效性.     

南四湖人湖河流水质面板数据分析的灰色速率模型

针对面板数据灰色关联决策评价模型的关联度计算问题,在传统的面板数据灰色关联决策评价模型的基础上,构建评价对象的指标时间数据的累加序列,通过指标时间累加生成速率序列构造面板数据灰色生成速率关联决策模型,采用生成速率序列的接近性表征原始数据序列的动态变化趋势.通过灰色累加生成速率关联决策方法扩展到面板数据分析,解决了小样本面板数据的灰色评价分析问题,将这种方法应用于南四湖入湖河流水质面板数据质量评价中,经实例计算验证了面板数据灰色累加生成速率关联决策评价模型的稳定性、合理性和实用性为水环境面板数据质量分析评价提供了可行的计算思路和方法.     

固定效应部分线性可加面板数据模型的惩罚二次推断估计

具有较强解释力和灵活性的部分线性可加面板数据模型在各学科领域应用广泛.针对个体内存在相关结构的固定效应部分线性可加面板数据模型,本文在结合幂样条函数和最小二乘虚拟变量(LSDV)法的基础上,利用惩罚二次推断函数(PQIF)法对模型进行估计,在一定的正则条件下,证明了参数估计的渐近正态性和非参数估计的收敛性,Monte Carlo数值模拟显示所述估计方法具有良好的有限样本表现,同时,我们还将估计技术应用于实际数据分析中.     

Stochastic production frontiers and panel data: A latent variable framework

This paper deals with the issue of estimating production frontier and measuring efficiency from a panel data set. First, it proposes an alternate method for the estimation of a production frontier on a short panel data set. The method is based on the so-called mean-and-covariance structure analysis which is closely related to the generalized method of moments. One advantage of the method is that it allows us to investigate the presence of correlations between individual effects and exogenous variables without the requirement of some available instruments uncorrelated with the individual effects as in instrumental variable estimation. Another advantage is that the method is well suited to a panel data set with a short number of periods. Second, the paper considers the question of recovering individual efficiency levels from the estimates obtained from the mean-and-covariance structure analysis. Since individual effects are here viewed as latent variables, they can be estimated as factor scores, i.e., weighted sums of the observed variables. We illustrate the proposed methods with the estimation of a stochastic production frontier on a short panel data of French fruit growers.     

时空模型的局部众数回归

时空数据经常含有奇异点或来自重尾分布,此时基于最小二乘的估计方法效果欠佳,需要更稳健的估计方法.本文提出时空模型的基于局部众数(local modal, LM)的局部线性估计方法.理论和数据分析结果都显示,若数据含有奇异点或来自重尾分布,基于局部众数的局部线性方法比基于最小二乘的局部线性方法有效;若数据无奇异点且来自正态分布,两种方法效率渐近一致.本文采用众数期望最大化(modal expectation-maximization, MEM)算法,并在数据相依情形下得出估计量的渐近正态性.     

纵向数据非参数混合效应模型的一个局部不变估计

非参数核回归方法近年来已被用于纵向数据的分析(Lin和Carroll,2000)．一个颇具争议性的问题是在非参数核回归中是否需要考虑纵向数据间的相关性．Lin和Carroll (2000)证明了基于独立性(即忽略相关性)的核估计在一类核GEE估计量中是(渐近)最有效的．基于混合效应模型方法作者提出了一个不同的核估计类,它自然而有效地结合了纵向数据的相关结构．估计量达到了与Lin和Carroll的估计量相同的渐近有效性,且在有限样本情形下表现更好．由此方法可以很容易地获得对于总体和个体的非参数曲线估计．所提出的估计量具有较好的统计性质,且实施方便,从而对实际工作者具有较大的吸引力．     

面板数据空间误差分量模型的GMM估计及其应用

本文研究面板数据空间误差分量模型(Spatial Error Components Model,SEC)的估计方法。为克服极大似然法在SEC模型估计中运算的困难,本文提出基于广义矩估计的可行广义最小二乘法(GMM-GLS),证明了估计量的一致性及有限样本下的有效性;并应用此模型,研究2000-2007年中国30个省(西藏除外)的物质资本存量、人力资本存量及能源消耗对实际GDP的影响,结果表明,采用SEC模型所得估计结果更为符合经济现实。     

Mixture Modeling for Longitudinal Data

In this article, we propose an unbiased estimating equation approach for a two-component mixture model with correlated response data. We adapt the mixture-of-experts model and a generalized linear model for component distribution and mixing proportion, respectively. The new approach only requires marginal distributions of both component densities and latent variables. We use serial correlations from subjects’ subgroup memberships, which improves estimation efficiency and classification accuracy, and show that estimation consistency does not depend on the choice of the working correlation matrix. The proposed estimating equation is solved by an expectation-estimating-equation (EEE) algorithm. In the E-step of the EEE algorithm, we propose a joint imputation based on the conditional linear property for the multivariate Bernoulli distribution. In addition, we establish asymptotic properties for the proposed estimators and the convergence property using the EEE algorithm. Our method is compared to an existing competitive mixture model approach in both simulation studies and an election data application. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.     

Flexible bivariate beta distributions

Bivariate beta distributions which can be used to model data sets exhibiting positive or negative correlation are introduced. Properties of these bivariate beta distributions and their applications in Bayesian analysis are discussed. Three methods for parameter estimation are presented. The performance of these estimators is evaluated based on Monte Carlo simulations. Examples are provided to illustrate how additional parameters can be introduced to gain even more modeling flexibility. A possible extension of the proposed bivariate beta model and a multivariate generalization are also discussed.     

部分线性混合效应模型中方差分量的稳健估计

部分线性混合效应模型中方差分量是我们感兴趣的参数, 文献中已经给出许多估计方法. 但是其中很多方法都可以归结为广义估计方程方法(GEE), 如: 最大似然估计(MLE), 约束最大似然估计(REMLE)等, 而GEE方法对异常点很敏感. 本文提出一组关于部分线性混合效应模型(PLMM)中均值和方差分量的稳健估计方程, 对均值和方差分量同时进行稳健估计; 并进行了随机模拟考察所提出稳健估计的有效性, 最后通过两个实例, 说明了所提方法的可行性.     

A semiparametric panel approach to mortality modeling

During the past twenty years, there has been a rapid growth in life expectancy and an increased attention on funding for old age. Attempts to forecast improving life expectancy have been boosted by the development of stochastic mortality modeling, for example the Cairns–Blake–Dowd (CBD) 2006 model. The most common optimization method for these models is maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) which relies on the assumption that the number of deaths follows a Poisson distribution. However, several recent studies have found that the true underlying distribution of death data is overdispersed in nature (see Cairns et al. 2009 and Dowd et al. 2010). Semiparametric models have been applied to many areas in economics but there are very few applications of such models in mortality modeling. In this paper we propose a local linear panel fitting methodology to the CBD model which would free the Poisson assumption on number of deaths. The parameters in the CBD model will be considered as smooth functions of time instead of being treated as a bivariate random walk with drift process in the current literature. Using the mortality data of several developed countries, we find that the proposed estimation methods provide comparable fitting results with the MLE method but without the need of additional assumptions on number of deaths. Further, the 5-year-ahead forecasting results show that our method significantly improves the accuracy of the forecast.     

Interquantile Shrinkage in Regression Models

Conventional analysis using quantile regression typically focuses on fitting the regression model at different quantiles separately. However, in situations where the quantile coefficients share some common feature, joint modeling of multiple quantiles to accommodate the commonality often leads to more efficient estimation. One example of common features is that a predictor may have a constant effect over one region of quantile levels but varying effects in other regions. To automatically perform estimation and detection of the interquantile commonality, we develop two penalization methods. When the quantile slope coefficients indeed do not change across quantile levels, the proposed methods will shrink the slopes toward constant and thus improve the estimation efficiency. We establish the oracle properties of the two proposed penalization methods. Through numerical investigations, we demonstrate that the proposed methods lead to estimations with competitive or higher efficiency than the standard quantile regression estimation in finite samples. Supplementary materials for the article are available online.