基于绳索作动器的大型太空望远镜桁架结构的振动主动控制

薄膜衍射是一种新型的太空望远镜的成像方式,它具有轻质、易折叠与展开、光学成像精度高等许多优点,是当今太空望远镜技术的研究热点.该文针对一类薄膜衍射太空望远镜桁架结构的振动主动控制进行了研究,提出了一种基于绳索作动器的振动主动控制策略.首先建立了望远镜桁架结构的动力学模型,然后采用粒子群优化算法研究了绳索作动器的优化布置...     

静水压力下压电弹性圆柱振动的主动控制

对静水压力下压电弹性层合壳的振动控制进行了研究。首先利用Hamiltion原理推导出压电弹性层合壳的非线性动力基本方程，进一步得到了静水压力作用下封闭压电弹性层合壳的动力方程。对两端简支条件下的压电弹性圆柱壳的振动问题进行了求解，并基于速度反馈控制法得到了带压电感测层／激励层的层合圆柱壳的主动控制模型，相应的数值结果表明在载荷的情况下，压电层上施加合适大小，方向的电压可以改变圆柱壳的静变形。对于系统的动力响应问题，速度反馈的增益越大，越能抑制系统在共振区的振动，验证了该控制模型抑制结构振动的有效性。     

柔性梁内平衡模型降阶与主动控制的实验研究

内平衡降阶方法能够有效地解决柔性结构的模型降阶问题,尤其是对于频率密集结构．然而由于存在如何从物理传感器测量中提取内平衡模态坐标的问题,目前关于内平衡降阶方法的研究大多是在理论上进行探索,少有实验研究和工程应用报道．该文以柔性梁为对象,开展内平衡降阶方法的理论与实验研究,并且基于降阶模型进行主动控制的设计．文中介绍了一个基于DSP TMS320F2812芯片的实验系统,提出了一个从物理传感器测量中提取内平衡模态坐标的近似方法,并且通过仿真与实验验证了该方法的可行性和有效性,基于降阶模型的控制设计能够有效地抑制梁的弹性振动．     

非线性基准建筑物振动的主动控制

非线性基准建筑物的振动方程属于非仿射系统,目前的非线性模型降阶方法不能采用．而直接采用非线性控制策略所设计的控制器阶数较高,难以用于实际场合．为此,开发了一种适合于非线性建筑结构的新的振动主动控制方法,该方法思路是识别线性化的结构模型,进而根据力作用原理把控制力施加到所识别的结构模型上．该方法所建模型可以通过经验Grammian矩阵进行平衡降阶,所以具有较好的实用性．最后给出了3层基准结构的计算实例,其结果表明所提出的方法对土木工程结构是可行的．     

重复结构振动控制的降维方法

提出了对称结构、旋转周期结构和链式结构的振动控制的降维方法．以某种对称的方式设置广义坐标的凝聚、传感器、驱动器的位置以及输入与控制力的关系,即可使控制系统具有和结构同样的重复性．对凝聚了的广义坐标和系统输入采用适当的变换,即可通过执行一些子结构的控制问题实现整体系统的振动控制,从而使控制问题的维度显著降低．     

计及弯曲刚度的印刷运动薄膜横向振动控制研究

研究了不同边界条件下,计及弯曲刚度的轴向运动薄膜横向振动的主动控制问题.建立计及弯曲刚度的印刷运动薄膜的计算模型.利用有限差分法,对轴向运动薄膜的振动微分方程进行离散,推导出轴向运动矩形薄膜横向振动控制系统的状态方程.采用次最优控制法,对不同边界条件下轴向运动矩形薄膜横向振动进行主动控制研究.计算结果表明:采用次最优控制法能够在短时间内迅速、有效地降低运动薄膜的振动强度,并使之衰减趋近于0.作动器作用在固定位置点处时,对运动薄膜施加控制后,四边简支边界条件下的控制效果好.作动器作用在不同位置点处时,两种边界条件下中心点处的控制效果最好.计算证明次最优控制法能够有效地抑制印刷过程中计及弯曲刚度的轴向运动薄膜的横向振动,从而提高印刷套印精度,保证精密印刷质量.     

系统可靠性分配的优化方法

本文根据系统元件重要度分析理论,提出一种优化的元件可靠性分配的新方法.它以所给定的系统可靠度为目标,以元件最大可靠度为限止,根据元件重要度排序,逐步分配元件可靠性,使其保证每一步的分配是最优的,从而得到一个整体优化的分配方案,以提供作为可靠性设计的依据。本文最后还给出一个简单算例。该方法思路简单明了,计算方便。     

两成败型元件可靠性之差的经典精确最优置信下限

设有可靠性分别为p1和p2的两成败型元件.第i个元件试验N_次,成功S_次(i=1,2).本文利用样本点排序的方法给出了Q=p1-p2的经典的置信下限,并讨论了所得置信下限的精确性及最优性.     

基于有损伤体元件的广义Kelvin模型蠕变全过程探究

岩石的蠕变特性往往对隧道和地下工程的稳定性有着重要的控制作用.针对岩石蠕变的阶段性特征,可将岩石蠕变全过程分为四个阶段.广义Kelvin模型可较好地反映前三个阶段的岩石蠕变特性,不能理想地反映加速蠕变阶段特征.通过引入损伤体元件和Kachanov的损伤因子演化公式,构建了具有损伤体元件的广义Kelvin模型,从而建立了可以体现岩石蠕变全过程的蠕变模型,并提出较为简单的组合模型参数计算方法.该模型不仅能较好地反映岩石蠕变全过程,且模型参数易于确定.利用该模型对砂质泥岩单轴压缩蠕变实验曲线进行拟合分析,拟合效果良好,研究结果可为类似工程提供参考.     

C-L方法及其在工程非线性动力学问题中的应用

C-L方法可以揭示非线性振动系统的分岔特性,它结合对称性和奇异性理论并将Liapunov-Schmidt(简称LS)约化方法推广到非自治系统.作为应用实例,分析了非线性转子动力学低频振动分岔失稳问题的机理及其控制.     

A Coupled FE-BE Analysis of Smart Lightweight Structures for Active Noise and Vibration Control

Over the past years much research and development has been done in the area of active control in order to improve the acoustical and vibrational properties of thin–walled lightweight structures. An efficient technique for actively reducing the structural vibration and sound radiation is the application of smart structures. In smart structures piezoelectric materials are often used as actuators and sensors. The design of smart structures requires fast and reliable simulation tools. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to present a coupled finite element–boundary element formulation, which enables the modeling of piezoelectric smart lightweight structures. The paper describes the theoretical background of the coupled approach in which the finite element method (FEM) is applied for the modeling of the passive vibrating shell structure as well as the surface attached piezoelectric actuators and sensors. The boundary element method (BEM) is used to characterize the corresponding sound field. In order to derive a coupled FE–BE formulation additional coupling conditions are introduced at the fluid–structure interface. Since the resulting overall model contains a large number of degrees of freedom, the mode superposition method is employed to reduce the size of the FE submodel. To validate the accuracy of the proposed approach, numerical simulations are carried out in the frequency domain and the results are compared with analytical reference solutions. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Static and dynamic analysis of smart cylindrical shell

Shell type components and structures are very common in many mechanical and structural systems. In smart structural applications, piezolaminated plates and shells are commonly used. In this paper a finite element formulation is presented to model the static and dynamic response of laminated composite shells containing integrated piezoelectric sensors and actuators subjected to electrical, mechanical and thermal loadings. The formulation is based on the first order shear deformation theory and Hamilton's principle. In this formulation, the mass and stiffness of the piezo-layers have been taken into account. A nine-noded degenerated shell element is implemented for the analysis. The model is validated by comparing with existing results documented in the literature. A simple negative velocity feedback control algorithm coupling the direct and converse piezoelectric effects is used to actively control the dynamic response of an integrated structure through a closed control loop. The influence of the stacking sequence and position of sensors/actuators on the response of the laminated cylindrical shell is evaluated. Numerical results show that piezoelectric sensors/actuators can be used to control the shape and vibration of laminated composite cylindrical shell.     

Finite volume analysis of adaptive beams with piezoelectric sensors and actuators

This paper presents a finite volume (FV) formulation for the free vibration analysis and active vibration control of the smart beams with piezoelectric sensors and actuators. The governing equations based on Timoshenko beam theory are discretized using the finite volume method. For the purpose of forced vibration control of beam structures, the negative velocity feedback controller is designed for the single-input, single-output system. To achieve the best effect, the piezoelectric sensors and actuators are coupled with the host structure in different positions and then the performance of the designed control system is evaluated for each position. In the test examples, first the shear locking free feature of the present formulation is demonstrated. This has been performed by doing static and natural frequency analysis of some reference models. Then, the capability of the proposed method for the prediction of uncontrolled forced vibration response and active vibration control of a beam structure is studied.     

LQR Control for Vibration Suppression of Piezoelectric Integrated Smart Structures

In the present paper, the equations of motion for piezoelectric integrated smart beams are derived by applying Hamilton's principle and the Finite Element (FE) method, based on the First-Order Shear Deformation (FOSD) theory. Then, a state space model is constructed from the equations of motion for control design. A Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) control for vibration suppression is implemented on the mathematical model of the piezoelectric bonded beam. Finally, a numerical application is performed to testify the applicability and effectiveness of the present method. (© 2012 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Direct model reference adaptive control (MRAC) design and simulation for the vibration suppression of piezoelectric smart structures

The paper presents control system design based on a non-linear model reference adaptive control law (MRAC) used for the vibration suppression of a smart piezoelectric mechanical structure. Numerical simulation of the proposed control system is performed based on the finite element (FE) model of the structure, modally reduced in order to meet the requirements of the control system design. First the MRAC problem is defined and a direct control algorithm described in the paper is suggested as a solution to the control problem. The basic MRAC algorithm is modified by augmenting the integral term of the control law in order to provide the robustness of the control system with respect to the stability. This approach provides preserving the boundness of the system states and adaptive gains, with small trackings error over large ranges of non-ideal conditions and uncertainties. The efficiency of the suggested control for the vibration suppression is tested and shown through a numerical simulation of the funnel-shaped piezoelectric structure.     

Active vibration suppression of smart beams

In this paper an active vibration control technique for a smart beam is presented. The structure is made of two layers of piezoelectric material (PZT8) embedded on the surface of an aluminium beam. The active control is inserted into the finite element model by using programming tools of the general purpose code used here. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

具有主动约束层阻尼板的振动杂交控制*

本文研究了局部附加主动约束阻尼层(LACL)板的主、被动杂交控制问题.基于弹性、粘弹性、压电材料的本构关系,建立了系统的控制方程.利用Galerkin方法和GHM方法将偏微分方程转换为维数不高的常微分方程组,应用LQR方法进行了数值模拟.计算结果表明,这种主动和被动结合的杂交控制方式具有良好的控制效果.     

The static shape control for intelligent structures

A finite element formulation is presented for modeling the plate structure containing distributed piezoelectric sensors and actuators (S/As). A new plate bending element for analysis of the plate with distributed piezoelectric S/As is developed. This element saves much memory and computation time. Using the bending plate element, a general method of static shape control for the intelligent structure is put forth. Two examples are given to illustrate the application of the method presented in this paper. The purpose of the first example is to check the accuracy of the finite element method presented in this paper. The second example is to study the problem of the static shape control for the intelligent structure. It is concluded that the shape of the intelligent structure can reach the desired shape through passive control or active control.     

Active control of dynamic behaviors of graded graphene reinforced cylindrical shells with piezoelectric actuator/sensor layers

This work investigates the active vibration control and vibration characteristics of a sandwich thin cylindrical shell whose intermediate layer is made of the graphene reinforced composite that is bonded with integrated piezoelectric actuator and sensor layers at its outer and inner surfaces. The volume fraction of graphene platelets in the intermediate layer varies continuously in the shell's thickness direction, which generates position-dependent effective material properties. The constitutive relations of the graphene reinforced composite and piezoelectric materials are given by taking one-dimensional steady thermal field into account. Considering Donnell's shell theory, a final equation of motion in terms of the generalized radial displacement is derived by using Hamilton's principle and Galerkin method. Shell's natural frequencies are derived considering influences of the thermo-electro-elastic field. Introducing a constant velocity feedback control algorithm, active vibration control of the sandwich cylindrical shell is presented by employing the Runge-Kutta method. The feedback control gain has a pronounced effect on the damping, as well as the inertia of the system. Comparisons between the present results and those in other papers are done to validate the present solutions. Influences of weight fractions, distribution patterns and geometrical sizes of graphene platelets, temperature variations, thicknesses of layers and the feedback control gain on the vibration characteristics and active vibration control behaviors of the novel sandwich cylindrical shell are discussed.     

Vibration control of micro-scale structures using their reduced second order bilinear models based on multi-moment matching criteria

This paper deals with vibration control of micro-scale structures; i.e. MEMS devices. For modeling of the structures, finite element method which is a distinguished and accurate technique will be used. This method, however, leads to a model with high number of degrees of freedom which may cause computational costs especially for control problems. Hence, we will apply the second order Krylov subspace method based on multi-moment matching to obtain a reduced order model which is in the form of a second order bilinear system. For vibration suppression of the corresponding micro-structure, a quadratic feedback controller and also a linear state feedback controller using linear matrix inequality (LMI) will be designed. Finally, a micro-cantilever beam will be considered as a practical case study and simulation results of applying the proposed method will be presented.