中国货币需求函数的实证研究

本文以1998年东南亚金融危机后为背景,从经典的凯恩斯货币需求理论分析出发,运用协整检验和误差修正模型对我国货币需求问题进行了研究。结果显示,货币需求、国民收入、贷款利率和通货膨胀率之间存在协整关系,货币需求函数表现出高收入弹性和高利率弹性,货币量、利率和货币政策最终目标之间存在短期均衡关系,M1主要受收入因素影响而呈现出长期稳定性特征,贷款利率对货币需求有显著调节作用。     

我国货币供应量的ARIMA模型与预测

本文介绍了符合金融系统预测规律的ARIMA时间序列模型，并根据我国货币供应量实际数据对2008年5月-2009年4月货币供应量走势进行了预测检验。实证预测结果显示与实际№相对照，模型预测精度较高，平均相对误差绝对值仅为1．56％，说明ARIMA模型能比较准确地预测我国货币供应量走势，可为我国货币供应量的预测和走势提供可靠的参考依据，并由此预计在2009年9月货币供应量将突破60万亿元。     

小波建模和预测及其在中国货币乘数中的应用

利用双正交小波变换的向量空间算法结合逐步回归分析,对我国的狭义货币乘数建立了时变的AR模型,在此基础上对我国1997年第一季度狭义货币乘数进行模拟和预测.     

中国货币供应过程的异常值和结构突变特征分析

本文对我国不同层次的货币供应动态过程进行建模研究,通过贝叶斯Gibbs抽样方法估计t分布先验设定下动态线性模型参数和状态变量后验均值,以甄别模型中观测和状态过程均可能存在的异常值和结构突变特征。结果表明研究区间内流通中现金M0和狭义货币供应量M1序列均发生结构突变,而广义货币供应量M2受2008年全球金融危机影响也出现异常变动.最后在结构变化的原因分析基础上提出了相关政策建议.     

货币供给动态调控模型及其稳定性

根据我国货币政策传导机制并结合目前经济金融形势,建立了货币供给系统的一般动态模型,为了便于分析系统的稳定性,在此基础上建立前向离散货币供给系统简化模型并用经济控制论的方法分析了系统的稳定性。     

探索加密货币波动率预测中的模型不确定性问题:log转换、时区采样以及模型设定

文章全面地比较了一系列模型在预测加密货币波动率时的表现.结果发现,粗糙波动率模型在预测多期样本外的波动率时表现更加稳健和可靠,而异质自回归(HAR)模型相对较弱,但经过log转换后的HAR模型在预测上则表现更优.此外,考虑到加密货币的特点,选取合适的时区划分依据也非常重要,因为不同的时区可能对加密货币市场的波动率产生影响.研究还引入了最小二乘模型平均法来应对波动率建模中的模型不确定性.结果表明,模型平均方法在加密货币市场波动率预测中相比其他方法具有优越性,能够平衡不同模型之间的优缺点,提高预测的可信度和稳定性,对于预测市场的波动性是非常有效的.文章研究指出,在选择合适的波动率模型时需要综合考虑加密货币波动率的特性和历史表现,并且在应用模型时需要注意其在不同数据集和预测目标下的表现,避免盲目使用导致预测效果的不确定性.     

货币供应量对股市影响的STR分析

使用1997—2012年的季度数据,建立了货币供应量M2与上证综合指数的平滑转换回归模型(STR),研究结果发现,货币供应量M2对上证综合指数的影响机制是非线性的,且是正向的影响.非线性关系的存在说明我国货币政策对股票市场的影响比较复杂,这也为我国货币政策的实施提出了挑战.     

我国货币乘数增长的数理分析和货币乘数预测

对货币乘数运动规律的认识以及货币乘数的预测直接关系到国家货币政策的制定.从货币乘数决定因素入手,结合实证观察和数理分析,从数学上严格证明了货币乘数趋势性增长的原因是总准备金率和通货比率的长期下降趋势,说明货币乘数的增长是金融工具创新和金融制度创新共同作用的结果.发现货币乘数的短期波动直接受基础货币的影响,依此建立的货币乘数预测方程,不仅提高了对货币乘数长期趋势性预测的准确性,而且较为准确地预测了货币乘数的季节波动性.因此,中央银行在制定金融规划的时候,应把基础货币变动对货币乘数的影响考虑在内,以更好地实现操作目标向中介目标的传导.     

人民币汇率参考一篮子货币的结构性变动实证研究

分别以瑞郎和特别提款权为基准货币,基于2005年"汇改"后至2012年7年期间人民币与央行公布的11种参考货币的汇率数据,在邹检验确定结构性变动点的基础上,运用对数线性模型分时段建模实证.结果表明:1)"汇改"以来,人民币汇率已开始参考一篮子货币进行调节,并分别在2006年4季度,2009年1季度和2010年3季度发生了结构性变动;2)人民币汇率制度本质上仍以钉住美元为主,篮子货币的币种选择和权重设定是一个动态调整的过程.     

外汇储备增加对基础货币投放的影响——基于协整方法与VAR模型的实证检验

在理论上,由于外汇储备在货币当局的资产负债表中处于资产方,因而它的增加将导致负债或其他资产的波动,最终使得基础货币投放的增加。本文采用1994年1季度至2007年1季度的数据,运用协整方法、向量自回归(VAR)模型实证检验了中国外汇储备增加对货币投放的影响.实证检验结果显示了中国外汇储备增加对基础货币投放的影响程度,以及影响的滞后性、持久性与稳定性特征,从而为货币当局实行开放经济下的货币政策提供一定的实证依据。     

Signaling Quality: Dynamic Price-Advertising Model

This paper extends the existing quality-signaling literature by investigating the roles of price and advertising levels as quality indicators in a dynamic framework. Considering perceived quality as a form of goodwill, we modify the well-known Nerlove-Arrow dynamic model to include price effects. In our model, price is used both as a monetary constraint and as a signal of quality, while advertising spending is used only as a signaling device, and thus purely as a dissipative expense. Utilizing optimal control, we determine optimal decision rules for a firm regarding both price and advertising over time as functions of perceived quality. The results indicate that, when prices act as monetary constraints and are reduced to increase demand, the firm should use the signaling role of advertising by increasing spending to accelerate perceived quality increases. In cases when the value of the perceived quality goes up together with the increase in the perceived quality by more than the demand, in percentage terms, the firm should increase the price (use its signaling role). At steady-state, we find that the level of optimal profit margin relative to price decreases with the elasticity of demand with respect to the brand price. However, higher elasticity of demand with respect to the firm’s perceived quality and/or a higher impact of price (advertising) lead/leads to a higher optimal profit margin (advertising spending) relative to price (revenue).     

A Markov Model of Production, Trade, and Money: Theory and Artificial Life Simulation

The paper generalizes the Kiyotaki-Wright trade model by treatingthe trading period as a finite game, so Nash's theorem can be used to provethe existence of equilibrium, and by treating the economy as a Markovprocess, so an ergodic theorem can be used to show the existence ofequilibria with desirable properties (e.g., in which money exists). A Markovmodel of trade also allows us to add complexity to the economy withoutadding corresponding complexity to the analysis of the model's properties.The paper also provides artificial life simulations of the Markov economysuggesting that monetary equilibria are dynamically stable and do notrequire high levels of learning or information processing on the part ofagents.     

On the optimality of inventory models with deteriorating items for demand and on-hand inventory dependent production rate

In this paper we present two flexible production lot size inventorymodels for deteriorating items in which the production rateat any instant depends on the demand and the on-hand inventorylevel at that instant. Each of demand and deterioration rateare general continuous functions of time. For one model, shortagesare allowed but are partially backordered. Also, all cost componentsare affected by inflation and the time value of money. For eachmodel, a closed form of the per unit time total relevant costis derived and sufficient conditions that minimize this totalcost are built. Then, mathematical methods are used to showthat, under certain conditions, each of the underlying inventorysystem can attain a unique global optimal solution.     

市场化改革、经济战略与中国外汇储备积累:实证研究

对中国外汇储备成因的传统研究在很大程度上忽略了市场化进程因素对中国外汇储备积累的历史性和制度化影响。而外汇储备的决定因素分为两大类:战略性因素和制度性因素。战略性因素包括预防性需求、重商主义动机和机会成本;制度性因素包括对外贸易发展和市场化程度。通过一个改进的外汇储备需求函数模型对该因素进行实证研究,发现中国的外汇储备积累主要是外向型经济发展模式和市场化改革这一历史进程的客观结果,而非货币当局基于主观动机所追求的战略目标。     

Optimum service capacity and demand management with price incentives

Service firms periodically face fluctuating demand levels. They incur high costs to handle peak demand and pay for under-utilized capacity during low demand periods. In this paper, we develop a mixed integer programming (MIP) model based on the real life experience of a Brazilian telecommunications firm. The model determines the optimum staffing requirements with different seniority levels for employees, as well as the distribution and balancing of workload utilizing flexibility of some customers in their service completion day. The proposed MIP uses monetary incentives to smooth the workload by redistributing some of the peak demand, thereby increasing capacity utilization. Due to the intractable nature of optimizing the proposed MIP model, we present a heuristic solution approach. The MIP model is applied to the case of the examined Brazilian Telecommunications firm. The computational work on this base case and its extensions shows that the proposed MIP model is of merit, leading to approximately seventeen percent reduction in the base case operating costs. Extensive computational work demonstrates that our heuristic provides quality solutions in very short computational times. The model can also be used to select new customers based on the workload, the revenue potential of these new customers and their flexibility in accepting alternate service completion dates. The generic structure of the proposed approach allows for its application to a wide variety of service organizations facing similar capacity and demand management challenges. Such wide applicability enhances the value of our work and its expected benefits.     

Money,prices and interest rates in a non-aggregate stochastic general equilibrium model

This paper explores the relationships between money, prices, uncertainty and interest rates in a stochastic general equilibrium model. Taking a non-aggregate pure exchange economy with time and uncertainty as the starting point, money is introduced as a means to keep track of past transactions of goods and insurance services and as an instrument to settle debts. As a result, in this stochastic general equilibrium model the desire to hold money arises from the demand of goods and services, Arrow-Debreu securities, and assets. Since these sources of demand for money are strongly related to the economy output, the economy degree of uncertainty, and the interest rates, this paper provides not only an alternative framework to the traditional keynesian analysis of the liquidity preference, but also an extension of the cash-in-advance models for introducing money in a general equilibrium model.