基于协整和误差修正模型的中国工业能源效率影响因素动态分析

采用1990-2016年统计数据,采用考虑非期望产出的SBM模型对中国工业能源利用效率进行了测算,运用协整检验、向量误差修正模型、脉冲响应函数及方差分解方法,对中国工业能源效率的影响因素进行了实证分析.研究结果表明,1990-2016年间,中国工业能源效率呈现出逐年提升的趋势,研发强度、市场开放程度、能源结构和能源价格等影响因素和能源效率之间存在长期均衡关系,对能源效率的提升均具有显著影响,其中能源结构、研发强度和能源价格对能源效率的作用程度相对较大.基于误差修正模型,采用脉冲响应函数和方差分解方法对各个影响因素对能源效率的短期效应进行了分析,结果表明,能源结构、研发强度和能源价格对短期工业能源效率的提升具有较大的促进作用.最后,根据研究结果提出相应的政策建议.     

福建省能源效率影响因素灰色关联分析

利用2005-2014年样本数据,应用灰色关联分析法分析人均地区生产总值、工业增加值占地区生产总值比重、第三产业增加值占地区生产总值比重、工业能源消耗量、煤炭消耗量占一次能源消耗比重、燃料动力类价格指数及研发占地区生产总值比重对福建省能源效率的影响程度.从分析结果看,工业能源消耗量、工业增加值占地区生产总值比重及研发占地区生产总值比重对福建省能源效率的影响较大,而能源价格对福建省能源效率的拉动作用最小.这说明现阶段加强高耗能行业的结构调整、加大清洁能源技术的研发投入、完善能源价格机制,并充分发挥政府干预在节能减排中的作用是福建省提高能源效率的重要途径,也是贯彻落实节能减排政策的关键.     

基于面板数据模型的研发投入影响因素区域异质性研究——基于医药制造业样本的实证分析

基于面板数据模型研究了新产品经济产出、税收优惠、人力资本等因素对我国东中西部地区医药制造业研发资金投入强度影响.研究发现:1)东中西部地区在R&D投入影响因素上存在差异,其中人力资本、企业内部研发资金投入、税收优惠因素对东部地区R&D投入的显著作用依次增强;2)政府研发资金投入、人力资本、税收优惠、盈利能力对中部地区R&D投入的显著作用依次增强,而新产品经济产出呈现负向作用;3)企业内部研发资金投入对西部地区R&D投入显著作用强于人力资本因素,企业规模、税收优惠呈现出负向作用.建议我国应因地制宜采取相应对策,有效提高东中西部地区医药制造业R&D研发投入,进一步促进我国医药制造业创新能力和水平.     

公共图书馆投入产出效率及影响因素研究

公共图书馆等公共文化机构的投入产出效率不仅与内部的运营管理有关,同时也受到人口、经济等外部环境因素的影响。本文以2015年我国31个省份的公共图书馆数据为例,利用DEA模型、最优子集回归模型和主成分回归模型对公共图书馆投入产出效率及其影响因素进行实证分析。效率评价结果显示:我国省域公共图书馆整体效率不高,投入冗余率达到20.7%;不到1/4的省份公共图书馆效率达到有效,并且区域差异性明显,东部最优、中部次之、西部较差。最优子集回归结果显示:人口规模、地区经济发展水平、地区居民收入水平以及高等教育程度是最优的影响因素变量子集,对公共图书馆投入产出效率都具有显著的影响。对于地区经济发展水平和居民高等教育程度回归系数为负与实际意义不符的情况,分析发现是因为变量之间存在多重共线性所致,通过主成分回归建模后,对回归系数进行了修正。     

基于门限面板模型的我国能源利用效率研究

根据三要素的柯布-道格拉斯生产函数,构建我国能源利用效率的门限面板模型,对2000~2014年我国30个省份(不含西藏)的样本数据,进行实证分析.研究表明:能源利用效率变量存在明显的三门限值,把我国30个省份分成四大类,不同类别的地区在能源效率和能源投入规模上存在显著差异.能源利用效率比较高的地区能源利用效率随能源投入增加而变大,而能源利用效率较低地区则相反.另外能源利用效率高的地区,能源投入规模大,能源产出弹性也大,说明在一定程度上对经济的贡献率也比较大,且未来继续靠能源拉动经济的可能性也比较大.     

基于最优组合赋权法的我国能源效率评价及影响因素研究

本文总结我国能源效率的主要影响因素,具体包括产业结构、技术进步、能源消费结构、经济发展水平、市场化程度和开放程度,构建我国能源效率影响因素的指标体系。基于最优组合赋权法建立能源效率评价模型,并对2000~2011年我国能源效率及影响因素进行实证分析。实证结果表明:我国能源效率整体呈上升趋势,能源效率显著提高;第二产业产值占国内生产总值比重、重工业占工业产值比重、第二产业增长值比重、R&D投入、第三产业产值占国内生产总值比重和煤炭消费量占能源消费总量比重是我国能源效率最主要的影响指标,而天然气消费量占能源消费总量比重和水、核、风消费量占能源消费总量比重对我国能源效率影响相对较小。     

中国出口企业专利生产技术效率研究——来自上市公司的经验证据

出口企业专利生产技术效率的提升有助于提高出口企业的专利生产能力。本文以我国2005-2011年257家上市出口企业为样本,研究了出口企业专利生产技术效率、影响因素及其收敛性。研究发现:研发资本和研发劳动投入对出口企业专利申请量都有促进作用,但研发劳动投入的促进作用更大;出口企业专利生产的技术效率较小,总体上具有增长趋势和收敛性;企业冗余资源、技术装备利用率、资本密集度、国有股比例、市场势力和国际化水平对出口企业专利生产的技术效率具有显著作用。研究结果可为出口企业提升专利生产技术效率的决策提供依据。     

区域环境污染强度测算及其分类治理效率评价研究

环境污染指标的重要性差异和信息完整性是区域环境污染强度测算及其分类治理效率评价中的两个重要因素.为此,文章先基于CCSD方法对环境污染指标进行赋权,以凸显不同指标间的重要性差异;再基于ER模型对环境污染指标进行合成,以保证在测算环境污染强度时考虑指标的信息完整性;最后,还基于考虑非期望产出的SBM模型对环境污染分类治理进行效率评价.通过对中国内地各个省份在2006年至2016年间的区域环境污染强度测算及其分类治理效率评价的实例分析,可以发现:1)各省份在不同分类下的环境污染强度存在显著差异,其中多数省份的环境问题集中于水污染或空气污染;2)根据污染强度评价等级的空间分布,污染最为严重的地区主要集中于中部地区和东部的沿海地区,而西部地区的环境污染程度较低;3)基于分类考虑和指标合成的研究结果更符合各省份实际的环境治理状况,且更有利于不同省份环境治理效果差异的对比分析.     

基于SBM模型的我国省际能源环境效率研究

将SBM模型与四阶段DEA方法结合,研究了我国30个省市地区2004~2012年间省际全要素能源环境效率,同时考察了地区投入与产出松弛量,并对其影响因素进行了深入分析。研究发现:环境约束的影响明显,科学评价能源环境效率必须把环境污染引入全要素能效测度之中;随着时间发展,各省间的效率存在优者愈优、劣者愈劣的两级分化趋势.对松弛量的Tobit回归结果显示:GDP是改善能源环境效率的有利因素,外商直接投资、产业结构以及能源消费结构是其不利因素,技术改进和环境治理对提高效率无显著影响;外部因素差异对能源环境效率有显著地影响,剔除外部因素差异的影响,将使效率能得到有效改善.     

江苏省物质性农业生产资料的碳排放影响因素研究

农业碳减排是能源“双控”的必然性要求.基于STIRPAT模型,构建物质性生产资料碳排放拓展模型.岭回归结果表明,回归模型表现出较强的稳健性.农业碳强度和劳动力规模是物质性生产资料碳排放减量化因素.机械化生产效率、农林牧渔业投资、农业生产效率、机械化强度、财政农林支出和劳动生产率构成物质性生产资料碳排放增量化因素,其影响程度依次下降.最后提出合理使用财政支农资金和引导投资、降低农业碳强度、使用生物质能源替代等建议.     

Dualities and reciprocities on graphs on surfaces

We extend the duality between acyclic orientations and totally cyclic orientations on planar graphs to dualities on graphs on orientable surfaces by introducing boundary acyclic orientations and totally bi-walkable orientations. In addition, we provide a reciprocity theorem connecting local tensions and boundary acyclic orientations. Furthermore, we define the balanced flow polynomial which is connected with tension polynomial by duality and with totally bi-walkable orientations by reciprocity.     

Cops and Robbers on Graphs Based on Designs

We investigate the cop number of graphs based on combinatorial designs. Incidence graphs, point graphs, and block intersection graphs are studied, with an emphasis on finding families of graphs with large cop number. We generalize known results on Meyniel extremal families by supplying bounds on the incidence graphs of transversal designs, certain G‐designs, and BIBDs with Families of graphs with diameter 2, C₄‐free, and with unbounded chromatic number are described with the conjectured asymptotically maximum cop number.     

Remarks on the Wronskian and on sums decompositions

Aequationes mathematicae - We make a number of remarks on some theorems and considerations contained in the recent and valuable monograph [9]. The connection of the Wronskian with the linear...     

Uniform and refinable grids on elliptic domains and on some surfaces of revolution

We construct a bijection from R² to R², which maps rectangles centered at the origin O onto ellipses centered at O, and preserves area. This bijection allows us to construct uniform and refinable grids on elliptic domains. Then, we combine a particular case of this bijection (i.e. that bijection that maps squares into circles) with another area preserving projection from R² to a surface of revolution around Oz. This yields uniform and refinable grids on this surface of revolution. The lines of these grids are situated in horizontal planes, if they are images of squares centered at O. We consider the particular case of the hemisphere and show how the northern hemisphere of the Earth is projected onto a square. Thus, our equiareal maps can be useful for constructing geographical maps of one hemisphere of the Earth onto rectangles.     

Some remarks on Reid on primary and secondary qualities

John Locke’s distinction between primary and secondary qualities of objects has meet resistance. In this paper I bypass the traditional critiques of the distinction and instead concentrate on two specific counterexamples to the distinction: Killer yellow and the puzzle of multiple dispositions. One can accommodate these puzzles, I argue, by adopting Thomas Reid’s version of the primary/secondary quality distinction, where the distinction is founded upon conceptual grounds. The primary/secondary quality distinction is epistemic rather than metaphysical. A consequence of Reid’s primary/ secondary quality distinction is that one must deny the original version of Molyneux’s question, while one must affirm an amended version of it. I show that these two answers to Molyneux’s question are not at odds with current empirical research.     

Brownian bridge on hyperbolic spaces and on homogeneous trees

Let B be the Brownian motion on a noncompact non Euclidean rank one symmetric space H. A typical examples is an hyperbolic space H _n , n > 2. For ν > 0, the Brownian bridge B ^(ν) of length ν on H is the process B _t , 0 ≤t≤ν, conditioned by B ₀ = B _ν = o, where o is an origin in H. It is proved that the process converges weakly to the Brownian excursion when ν→ + ∞ (the Brownian excursion is the radial part of the Brownian Bridge on ℝ³). The same result holds for the simple random walk on an homogeneous tree. Received: 4 December 1998 / Revised version: 22 January 1999     

Remarks on classifications and adjunctions

Jon Barwise and Jerry Seligman introduced the category of classifications and infomorphisms to model information theoretical concepts and information flow processes. This is the dual category of the category of Chu spaces introduced by Michael Barr and Peter Chu and studied extensively by Vaughan Pratt, Gordon Plotkin and others at Stanford. It is also very closely related to the theory of institutions introduced in a different context by Joseph Goguen and Rod Burstall. Here some aspects of the theory are reviewed and some adjunctions between the category of classifications and other related categories are studied from a more abstract point of view.     

Bounded, attractive and repulsive Markov specifications on trees and on the one-dimensional lattice

Let Π be a homogenous Markov specification associated with a countable state space S and countably infinite parameter space A possessing a neighbor relation ~ such that (A,~) is the regular tree with d +1 edges meeting at each vertex. Let $\text{g}$(π)be the simplex of corresponding Markov random fields. We show that if Π satisfies a ‘boundedness’ condition then $\text{g}$(π).We further study the structure of $\text{g}$(π) when Π is either attractive or repulsive with respect to a linear ordering on S. When d = 1, so that (A, ~) is the one-dimensional lattice, we relax the requirement of homogeneity to that of stationarity; here we give sufficient conditions for $\text{g}$(π) and for $\text{g}$(π)to have precisely one member.