乘用车物流运输装载模型研究

对乘用车物流运输计划问题进行了研究,首先,建立了以单辆轿运车实载率最大为目标的单车最佳装载方案模型,以该方案配送乘用车辆直到运输任务完成以获得初始轿运车数,其次以空载率最小为目标设计了数量调整模型对初始轿运车数进行优化,得到最优装载方案模型.基于上述优化模型计算最小的轿运车数,建立在轿运车数量限制下的最短行驶里程模型,选择总行驶里程最小的装载方案作为最优的配送方案.最后建立基于路径的物流运输装载模型,运用Floyd算法计算任意起讫点间的最短路径,设计了一种全局搜索算法得到一种合理的配送方案,并以空载率最小为目标对方案进行优化.     

基于混合遗传算法的紧急程度不确定应急物流问题求解

针对救灾工作中因紧急度不确定性造成物资配送延误的问题,以总延误时间和总运输时间为优化目标,建立紧急程度不确定的应急物流规划模型,以Beta分布模拟灾区紧急度变化情况,同时进行预测.设计基于紧急度的混合遗传算法,在该算法的局部搜索阶段使用一种紧急度依赖的路径调整算法,根据物资需求点的紧急度不同的特性,对存在延误的配送路径进行有针对性的优化.实验结果表明,所提模型和算法有效降低了延误和运输时间,尤其延误时间,与一些经典算法相比改进明显,且在多组算例中效果稳定,具有良好的鲁棒性.     

随机需求下多供应商和多零售商的生产-库存-运输联合优化模型

考虑随机需求下多供应商和多零售商的生产-库存-运输联合优化问题.在联合优化时,首先利用最近邻算法将各零售商分成不同区域,分区后问题转化为随机需求下单供应商对多零售商的生产-库存-运输联合优化问题.在每个分区内,由供应商统一决策其分区内各零售商的送货量和送货时间.利用粒子群算法和模拟退火算法相结合的两阶段算法求出最优送货量、最优运输路径和最大期望总利润.然后采用收入共享契约将增加的利润合理分配给各供应商和各零售商,使各方利润都得到增加,从而促使各方愿意合作.通过数值算例验证了联合优化模型优于独立决策模型.     

基于新风险度量方式的危险品车辆路径双目标优化模型

针对危险品车辆路径问题中车辆访问多个需求点的特性,在风险度量方式上考虑了运输过程中车辆载重量变化,建立了最小化总运输距离以及最小化总运输风险的双目标优化模型.采用改进的蚁群算法对模型进行求解并获得优化问题的非支配解,数值实验说明改进的风险度量方式更适合于危险化学品车辆路径问题,改进的蚁群算法能够有效率地对模型进行求解.     

随机需求下单供应商与多零售商的生产—库存—运输联合优化模型

考虑随机需求下单供应商和多零售商的生产-库存-运输联合优化问题.在独立决策时,各零售商独立决策其最优订货量和最优订货点,供应商根据各零售商的决策来为之配送.在联合决策时,由供应商统一决策各零售商的送货量和送货时间,并基于此建立单供应商与多零售商的生产-库存-运输优化模型,利用粒子群算法和模拟退火算法相结合的两阶段算法求出最优送货量、最优运输路径和最大期望总利润.然后采用收入共享契约将增加的利润合理分配给供应商和各零售商,使各方利润都得到增加,从而促使各方愿意合作.最后,通过数值算例验证了联合优化模型优于独立决策模型.     

冷链低碳物流配送路径优化的细菌觅食—蚁群算法研究

冷链物流的绿色发展已成为国家十三五发展的热点,在分析冷链物流配送环节各种成本基础上,以车载容量和时间窗为约束,构建综合总成本最小化的冷链低碳物流配送路径优化模型.将细菌觅食算法中的复制操作和趋向操作引入基本蚁群算法中,改善了算法的收敛效率和全局搜索能力,提出了细菌觅食一蚁群算法用于求解冷链低碳物流配送路径优化模型.通过实例仿真表明,在求解冷链低碳物流配送路径优化模型方面,细菌觅食—蚁群算法能够以更高的效率寻找到更低的综合总成本,验证了改进算法的合理性和有效性.     

智能网联下无人车配送路径优化

结合智能网联无人车实时信息共享与路径选择的特点,研究其配送路径优化问题。通过引进关键点更新策略,制定路径预规划阶段和路径实时调整阶段无人车路径选择策略,提出智能网联环境下基于实时交通信息的车辆路径问题两阶段模型。其中,路径预规划阶段模型确定初始路径与每辆车服务的客户点,路径实时调整阶段模型对每辆车的路径实时调整。对于该优化模型设计遗传算法进行求解,并通过算例验证了模型与算法的可行性。研究结果表明,本文构建的无人车配送优化模型,有效的结合了无人车实时通信与路径选择的特点,节省了无人车配送时间。研究对于无人车在第三方物流配送领域的推广应用具有一定的探索意义。     

回载可分的闭环供应链配送中的多车辆运输策略

本文从车辆路径的角度研究了具有一个配送中心、多台车辆结合前向物流配送和逆向物流回载的闭环供应链运输策略,考虑回收产品的不同形态和可分批运输的特点,引入库存限制和成本惩罚,建立并分析了问题的数学模型．通过引入参数2σ原则构造了先分组后组内运用基于TSP的插入算法进行优化调整的启发式求解方法．算例分析表明该策略是合理有效的．     

带时间窗的多配送中心协同配送问题研究

研究了多个配送中心协同配送下的车辆路径问题,建立运力和时间窗约束下的运输成本和时间惩罚成本之和最小化模型.考虑多配送中心路径优化问题的复杂性,提出了基于预分割和再调整的两阶段优化策略,采用罚数分配法分割需求点集合,将问题分解成多个单配送中心路径问题,启发式构建初始解,设计禁忌搜索算法求解.在调整阶段,将各集合中未分配的需求点重新分割,变邻域禁忌搜索再次优化路径.最后给出算例分析,验证了模型的合理性和改进算法的有效性.     

基于信息素的改进蚁群算法及其在TSP中的应用

针对基本蚁群算法收敛速度慢、易陷于局部最优从而导致搜索停滞的缺陷,提出了一种改进蚁群算法模型.改进算法引入信息素调节系数,避免算法初期各路径上信息素出现过大差异,导致算法"早熟".通过动态调整信息素挥发,在求解速度和寻找全局最优之间寻找平衡.对旅行商问题的仿真结果表明:改进算法的求解结果和求解效率都明显优于基本蚁群算法.     

Min-Max Optimization of Several Classical Discrete Optimization Problems

In this paper, we study discrete optimization problems with min-max objective functions. This type of problems has direct applications in the recent development of robust optimization. The following well-known classes of problems are discussed: minimum spanning tree problem, resource allocation problem with separable cost functions, and production control problem. Computational complexities of the corresponding min-max version of the above-mentioned problems are analyzed. Pseudopolynomial algorithms for these problems are provided under certain conditions.     

Neurodynamical Optimization

Dynamical (or ode) system and neural network approaches for optimization have been co-existed for two decades. The main feature of the two approaches is that a continuous path starting from the initial point can be generated and eventually the path will converge to the solution. This feature is quite different from conventional optimization methods where a sequence of points, or a discrete path, is generated. Even dynamical system and neural network approaches share many common features and structures, yet a complete comparison for the two approaches has not been available. In this paper, based on a detailed study on the two approaches, a new approach, termed neurodynamical approach, is introduced. The new neurodynamical approach combines the attractive features in both dynamical (or ode) system and neural network approaches. In addition, the new approach suggests a systematic procedure and framework on how to construct a neurodynamical system for both unconstrained and constrained problems. In analyzing the stability issues of the underlying dynamical (or ode) system, the neurodynamical approach adopts a new strategy, which avoids the Lyapunov function. Under the framework of this neurodynamical approach, strong theoretical results as well as promising numerical results are obtained.     

Linear Optimization

Journal of the Operational Research Society -     

About a Gap between Multiobjective Optimization and Scalar Optimization

We explain the reason for the existence of a gap between multiobjective and scalar optimization proposed in Ref. 1, giving a characterization of this gap.     

Comparing Optimization Algorithms for Shape Optimization of Extrusion Dies

The classical approach to extrusion die design relies heavily on the experience of the die designer; Especially the designer's ability to create an initial die design from a product design, the designer's constructional knowledge and performance during the running-in trials. Furthermore, the relative unpredictability of the running-in trials combined with the additional resource usage introduce uncertainties and delays in the time-to-market of a given product. To lower these delays and resource usage, extrusion die design can benefit greatly from numerical shape optimization. In this application, however, plastics melts pose a difficult obstacle, due to their rather unintuitive and nonlinear behavior. These properties complicate the numerical optimization process, which mimics running-in trials and relies on a minimal number of optimization iterations. As part of the Cluster of Excellence Integrative Production Technologies for High-Wage Countries at the RWTH Aachen University, an effort is made to shorten the manual running-in process by the means of numerical shape optimization. Using an in-house numerical shape optimization framework, a set of optimization algorithms, consisting of global, derivative-free and gradient-based optimizers, are evaluated with respect to the best die quality and a minimal number of optimization iterations. This evaluation is an important step on the way to include more computationally intensive material models into the optimization framework and identify the best possible optimization strategy for the numerical design of extrusion dies. (© 2014 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

On a Gap between Multiobjective Optimization and Scalar Optimization

We give a suitable example to show a gap between multiobjective optimization and single-objective optimization, which solves a problem proposed in Refs. 1–2.     

基于改进鲸鱼优化算法的物流路径优化

针对物流配送车辆路径难以优化以至于影响物流配送系统效率和效益的问题,提出一种基于鲸鱼优化算法的车辆路径优化方法.首先,建立物流配送系统数学模型.其次,针对传统鲸鱼优化算法易陷入局部最优的问题,采用随机惯性权重和非均匀变异策略对算法进行改进,并用过测试函数对比试验验证了所提方法的有效性.最后通过改进的鲸鱼优化算法进行物流路径优化实验,实验结果验证了所提出的改进鲸鱼优化算法能够高效的优化物流配送车辆路配送路径,降低了物流配送成本.