非定常自由面流激波解的二阶守恒算法

将计算双曲型守恒律弱解的Lax-Wendroff型TVD格式推广到断面形状沿程任意变化的一般浅水方程组，构造了二阶精度的差分格式．新格式适用于模拟天然河道中溃坝洪水波的传播．提供了表明方法性能的算例，实际天然梯级水库溃坝问题的数值实验表明格式稳定，适应性强．     

唐家山堰塞湖泄洪的理论模型及数值模拟

针对2008年全国研究生数学建模竞赛A题,研究和解决汶川地震中唐家山堰塞湖的泄洪问题.建立了唐家山堰塞湖的蓄水量模型、溃坝模型、洪水演进模型和人员调度模型等理论模型,并给出了这些模型的精确数值模拟.模拟结果显示,提出的模型具有较高的精度,依据该模型提出的调度方案能够合理解决泄洪时的人员撤离问题,具有重要的参考意义.     

基于非结构自适应网格的复合有限体积法

利用文献[1]中将Lax-Wendroff格式和Lax-Friedrichs格式整体复合作用构成二维无结构网格上的复合型有限体积法,同时利用Delaunay方法,根据流场流动特性变化的梯度值为指示器对网格进行加密和粗化,实现自适应,并将此方法应用到二维浅水波方程的求解上,进行了二维部分溃坝,倾斜水跃的数值实验.结果表明,该方法是一个计算稳定、能适应复杂的求解域、能很好地捕捉激波、且计算速度快的算法.     

求解浅水波方程的熵相容格式

提出了一种求解浅水波方程组的熵相容格式．在熵稳定通量中添加特征速度差分绝对值的项来抵消解在跨过激波时所产生的熵增,从而实现熵相容．新的数值差分格式具有形式简单、计算效率高、无需添加任何的人工数值粘性的特点．数值算例充分说明了其显著的优点．利用新格式成功地模拟了不同类型溃坝问题的激波、稀疏波传播及溃坝两侧旋涡的形成,是求解浅水波方程组较为理想的方法.     

浅水方程近岸行为的数值模拟

二维浅水流动几乎仅在水平方向上,这一特点容许在数学形式上对ＮＳ方程进行简化：通过描述水流运动的平均行为而使得问题降低一维［１０］,从而在数值上表现为大大减少计算量,这一相对简单性正是浅水方程之所以吸引如此多的计算数学家和流体力学家关注的原因之一．通过降维而减少计算量的思想在深水方程中表现为通过边界积分法而捕捉气液交界面的行为［１］． 浅水方程的数值模拟在计算机出现的早期就开始得到应用．在本世纪四十年代后期,Ｃｈａｒｎｅｙ等人就利用它做了大气的数值模拟［２］,Ｈａｎｓｅｎ数值模拟了海洋流动［５］．…     

直接边界积分方法计算水波的稳定性

1.引 言 数值模拟流体自由界面运动一直是研究水波的主要方法.海浪攀爬海岸的研究是水动力学中的一个很经典且很具有挑战性的课题,因为在水面附近的方程是高度非线性的.对于二维情形下有一致倾斜度的海岸上的水波,Carrier＆Greeenspan[7]建立了基于浅水模型的非线性理论,Tuck＆Hwang引入变量代换,把最初的非线性方程转变成更容易分析的线性方程.这种直接对单一流体用浅水方程计算自由界面的办法仍然被广泛应用.Zhang,Wu,Hou[23]给出了这个问题的Euler-Langrange混合格式,Li ＆ Zhang[13]借助这个格式,并引入人工边界条件对海浪攀爬海岸问题进行了整体的数值模拟.     

求解二维浅水方程的一种高分辨率有限体积法

本文将一种van Albada型可微的限制器函数引入到二维浅水方程的求解中，发展了一种求解二维浅水方程的有限体积法．数值实验结果表明，该方法不仅计算精度高，而且较其它求解二维浅水方程的高精度有限体积法，在数值解的收敛性能方面大有改善．     

溃坝问题的间断有限元方法

本文研究90年代初提出的Runge-Kutta间断Galerkin有限元方法，给出该方法的精度分析，通过经典算例验证该方法处理间断问题、捕捉锐利波形的能力，并将其推广到求解浅水问题．针对坝底无摩擦，无坡度的理想情形进行讨论，给出方溃坝和圆溃坝问题的数值模拟结果．     

特征化积分格式的设计及其在浅水波问题中的应用

本文介绍一种简单而又行之有效的顺风型格式——特征化积分格式的设计方法及应用技术,用这种方法设计的顺风型格式不受方程有型性的限制,容易推广,又能比较灵活地调节数值耗散性,使之适用不同的间断解的要求.本文利用这种方法作了非线性水波在岸上的变形、破碎过程的数值模拟.结果表明方法稳定、有效;同时作了二维溃坝灾害的数值模拟,表明方法向多维推广的简单、可行性.     

带源项浅水波方程的高分辨率熵稳定格式

提出了一种求解带源项浅水波方程的熵稳定格式.新格式利用通量限制函数将一阶熵稳定格式和高阶熵守恒格式结合,具有熵守恒格式和熵稳定格式的优点:在解的光滑区域具有高精度,在解的间断区域避免了非物理现象的产生,同时可以准确地捕捉激波,从而达到高分辨率的效果.利用新格式计算了一维和二维的经典算例,数值结果表明,新格式是模拟带源项浅水波方程的理想方法.     

Computations of transport of pollutant in shallow water

The focus of this paper is to simulate the transport of a passive pollutant by a flow modelled by the two-dimensional shallow water equations. Considering the friction terms, new model for simulating the steady and unsteady transport of pollutant is established. Then the adaptive semi-discrete central-upwind scheme based on central weighted essentially non-oscillatory reconstruction is utilized for simulating the two-dimensional steady and unsteady transport of pollutant. The non-oscillatory behavior and accuracy of the scheme are demonstrated by the numerical result.     

唐家山堰塞湖泄洪问题的研究

研究的是唐家山地震次生灾害引发的堰塞湖问题.首先对数字高程地图进行等高图像分析求解了堰塞湖不同高程水位对应的湖区面积,建立了蓄水量体积与堰塞湖水位高程的离散化模型,然后建立了神经网络模型和多元线性回归模型研究了北川降雨量与堰塞湖入库流量的关系,继而求解得到不同降雨量下每日堰塞湖水位高程.在研究泄洪过程时,首先通过对泄洪过程和溃坝过程内在机理的研究分别建立了正交多项式逼近模型和仿真模型得到溃坝时的溃口流量随时间变化的关系,继而分析求解得到溃坝时其他参数随时间变化的关系.针对淹没区的问题,综合数字高程地图和行政区域地图,利用数字地图计算了洪水到达各被淹没区域的时间,淹没范围,以便于确定撤离方案.     

A two-dimensional artificial viscosity technique for modelling discontinuity in shallow water flows

In this study, a two-dimensional cell-centred finite volume scheme is used to simulate discontinuity in shallow water flows. Instead of using a Riemann solver, an artificial viscosity technique is developed to minimise unphysical oscillations. This is constructed from a combination of a Laplacian and a biharmonic operator using a maximum eigenvalue of the Jacobian matrix. In order to achieve high-order accuracy in time, we use the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method. A hybrid formulation is then proposed to reduce computational time, in which the artificial viscosity technique is only performed once per time step. The convective flux of the shallow water equations is still re-evaluated four times, but only by averaging left and right states, thus making the computation much cheaper. A comparison of analytical and laboratory results shows that this method is highly accurate for dealing with discontinuous flows. As such, this artificial viscosity technique could become a promising method for solving the shallow water equations.     

Wave front tracing and asymptotic stability of planar travelling waves for a two-dimensional shallow river model

The propagation of surface water waves in a frictional channel with a uniformly inclined bed is governed by a two-dimensional shallow river model. In this paper, we consider the time-asymptotic stability of weak planar travelling waves for a two-dimensional shallow river model with Darcy's law. We derive an effective parabolic equation to analyze the wave front motion. By employing weighted energy estimates, we show that weak planar travelling waves are time-asymptotically stable under sufficiently small perturbations.     

Two-dimensional numerical modelling of shallow water flows over multilayer movable beds

The two-dimensional modelling of shallow water flows over multi-sediment erodible beds is presented. A novel approach is developed for the treatment of multiple sediment types in morphodynamics. The governing equations include the two-dimensional shallow water equations for hydrodynamics, an Exner-type equation for morphodynamics, a two-dimensional transport equation for the suspended sediments, and a set of empirical equations for entrainment and deposition. Multilayer sedimentary beds are formed of different erodible soils with sediment properties and new exchange conditions between the bed layers are developed for the model. The coupled equations yield a hyperbolic system of balance laws with source terms. As a numerical solver for the system, we implement a fast finite volume characteristics method. The numerical fluxes are reconstructed using the method of characteristics which employs projection techniques. The proposed finite volume solver is simple to implement, satisfies the conservation property and can be used for two-dimensional sediment transport problems in non-homogeneous isotropic beds without need of complicated three-dimensional equations. To assess the performance of the proposed models, we present numerical results for a wide variety of shallow water flows over sedimentary layers. Comparisons to experimental data for dam-break problems over movable beds are also included in this study.     

Modelling the impact of dam failure scenarios on flood inundation using SPH

Flooding resulting from collapse of a dam is a highly destructive event. It is important to accurately predict the flow behaviour so that potential mitigation strategies can be investigated for disaster management planning. The meshless SPH method has previously been able to model this class of extreme flow events. In this paper, we extend the method to include modelling of dam wall fragments. Collisions between dam wall fragments, between fragments and terrain and full two-way coupling between fragments and the free surface water flow is included. This gives a method that can specifically investigate the impact of the dam wall failure scenario on the subsequent inundation. The historical St. Francis dam failure is used to demonstrate the impact of including the dam fragments. It also provides a means of quantitatively investigating their effect in terms of arrival time and water height at a downstream power station. The scenario with multiple independently timed failures of different parts of the wall (which closely matches the historical failure) gives excellent agreement with the observed data and gives the best match of all failure scenarios. Traditionally such modelling is performed by solving the two dimensional shallow water equations which is not able to capture the three dimensional nature of the flow in earlier stages of dam flooding. We specifically investigate the three dimensional nature of flow structures and formation of multiple downstream hydraulic jumps. These strongly influence water height and therefore control the extent of flooding of tributary valleys.     

动力学的流矢量分裂法模拟浅水波方程

Based on the analogy to gas dynamics, the kinetic flux vector splitting (KFVS) method is used to stimulate the shallow water wave equations. The flux vectors of the equations are split on the basis of the local equilibrium Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. One dimensional examples including a dam breaking wave and flows over a ridge are calculated. The solutions exhibit second-order accuracy with no spurious oscillation.     

Global conservative solutions for a model equation for shallow water waves of moderate amplitude

In this paper, we study the continuation of solutions to an equation for surface water waves of moderate amplitude in the shallow water regime beyond wave breaking (in [11], Constantin and Lannes proved that this equation accommodates wave breaking phenomena). Our approach is based on a method proposed by Bressan and Constantin [2]. By introducing a new set of independent and dependent variables, which resolve all singularities due to possible wave breaking, the evolution problem is rewritten as a semilinear system. Local existence of the semilinear system is obtained as fixed points of a contractive transformation. Moreover, this formulation allows one to continue the solution after collision time, giving a global conservative solution where the energy is conserved for almost all times. Finally, returning to the original variables, we obtain a semigroup of global conservative solutions, which depend continuously on the initial data.     

Efficient non-hydrostatic modelling of surface waves interacting with structures

An efficient three-dimensional non-hydrostatic model is applied to simulate free-surface waves interacting with structures. The model employs an implicit Crank–Nicholson scheme to discretize the Navier–Stokes equations under a Cartesian staggered grid framework. An integration method is introduced to account for the full effects of non-hydrostatic pressure at the free-surface layer. A domain decomposition method is proposed to effectively solve the resulting matrix system. The model is first validated by simulating three-dimensional sloshing waves in a container. The model is then applied to simulate waves propagating over two-dimensional and three-dimensional submerged structures, in which the effects of non-linearity and dispersion are important. The model results show that the model using only two vertical layers are in all favorable agreements with experimental data, demonstrating the efficiency and accuracy of the model on simulating surface waves interacting with structures.