基于卫星无源探测的飞行器主动段轨道估计

首先提出了一种在双星无源飞行器主动段探测中,可同时估计双星测量的系统误差并给出目标预测轨道的方法.将卫星测量值误差在小角度条件下转化为卫星测量轴的偏转角,以双星逐点交汇定位法得出的轨道为基准估计系统误差,利用最小二乘思想将模型参数估计问题转化为优化问题,使用遗传算法对目标飞行器模型参数进行估计.而后讨论了一种通过加强模型约束,由单星无源探测估计目标轨道的方法.     

基于卫星无源探测的空间飞行器主动段轨道估计与误差分析

在利用自适应定点的四阶龙格库塔算法求解卫星二阶微分运动方程的基础上,确定了其轨道,在利用样条插值拟合算法对多星观测数据同步后,基于级数理论建立了飞行器速速度和质量估计的多项式模型.随后根据飞行器在观测坐标系下的约束关系,建立了双星无源交汇定位的算法模型,实现了空间飞行器的轨道估计.再次,根据量测方程,提出了一种系统误差估计的滑窗四点交汇方法,实现了系统的误差动态估计.最后,建立了联合序贯多点轨道估计模型,实现了单卫星单飞行器的轨道估计和误差分析.对于多星多飞行器问题通过比较方程组自由度和待估计的轨道参数和系统误差的个数,得出可估计系统误差的条件:在观测卫星个数M与空间飞行器数目P满足2MP≥3P+2M时,系统误差可估计.     

空间飞行器主动段轨道估计与误差分析

通过微分方程组数值解法计算两颗观测卫星的三维位置,在此基础上运用双星逐点交汇思路,建立定位中值估计与优化模型得到空间飞行器主动段轨道估计,并对存在的三轴指向误差进行估计,提出位置半径作为考虑系统误差下模型精度提高的判断标准.     

空间飞行器轨道估计与误差分析

卫星探测是当今空间飞行器观测与轨道估计的重要方式.针对空间飞行器轨道估计及卫星无源探测的误差分析等问题,在双星观测条件下,使用样条插值及拟合的方法对包含随机误差和系统误差的初始数据进行光滑处理,然后基于立体几何和逐点交汇的思想建立了运动方程参数模型,采用最小二乘法估计参数,得到了空间飞行器的估计轨道,并使用LMF法进行了系统误差分析.针对单星观测的情况,一方面,认为飞行器轨道上的点共面且均在过地心的平面内,另一方面,通过建立飞行器轨道模版数据库与观测相对比,了解识别是何种飞行器.添加了这些约束和先验信息后,可以得到大致的轨道估计.     

空间两异面直线的公垂线方程的求法

介绍了求空间中两异面直线公垂线方程的四种解法     

两条直线位置关系的判定与有关量的计算公式

空间两条异面直线的距离的求法及其公垂线的位置的确定 ,《数学通报》、《数学通讯》曾登载不少研究文章 .本文利用一个模型 ,给出空间两条直线位置关系的一个判定定理 ,并给出与空间两条直线有关的量的计算公式 .图 1　空间两直线如图 1,a,b是空间两条直线 ,A,B∈ a,AC⊥ b,BD     

两条直线位置关系的判定与有关量的计算公式

空间两条异面直线的距离的求法及其公垂线的位置的确定，《数学通报》、《数学通讯》曾登载不少研究文章．本文利用一个模型，给出空间两条直线位置关系的一个判定定理，并给出与空间两条直线有关的量的计算公式．     

构造二面角解题

本文讨论立体几何中几类基本的计算问题.通过构造二面角,可以比较方便地将这些空间图形问题转化为平面图形问题. (一) 异面直线上两点间的距离例1 已知两异面直线a、b所成的角为θ,它们的公垂线段AA′的长度为d.在直线a、     

由一道立体几何习题引发的思考

全日制普通高级中学数学教科书(人教版·必修)第二册(下B),习题9.8第4题:已知正方体ABCD-A′B′C′D′棱长为1,求直线DA′与AC的距离.(图1)图1该题的一般思路便是找到它们的公垂线段,在如何寻找这两条异面直线的公垂线段过程中引发笔者一些思考.我们先来看正方体中经常用到一个     

对地观测卫星过顶预报与定轨模型的建立

针对某些对地观测卫星,其轨道参数不公开,只能通过对卫星的运行规律建立数学模型,推导出卫星的过顶时间,从而使对地目标有效规避卫星的对地观测.首先从卫星运行的基本规律出发,根据稀疏数据进行定轨建立了卫星定轨的数学模型,利用牛顿迭代法递推出轨道根数,同时利用摄动补偿优化了模型,再通过八阶龙格库塔法,进行轨道递推,得到了卫星过顶时间与轨道信息的对应关系.     

On the distributions of the ratios of the extreme roots to the trace of the Wishart matrix

In this paper, the authors cosider the derivation of the exact distributions of the ratios of the extreme roots to the trace of the Wishart matrix. Also, exact percentage points of these distributions are given and their applications are discussed.     

On the comparison between the APV and the NPV computed via the WACC

The valuation of levered investment in the practice is made with the WACC approach, even if the superior technique of the APV is available. The paper shows that the APV can be interpreted as the arbitrage free value of the portfolio made by an investment and a supporting loan. Therefore the WACC evaluation, generally different from the APV, allows for arbitrage. We provide various conditions which completely characterize the sign of the error as a functions of all the variables entering the model.     

用常微分方程模型分析预防和隔离措施对SARS发病率的影响

通过建立常微分方程模型 ,分析了预防和隔离措施对 SARS发病率的影响 ,并把计算结果与实际统计数据进行了比较 ,结果表明 ,及时高效的预防和隔离措施能够有效地控制 SARS的传播 .     

From the neutrino to the edge of the universe

Two recent findings necessitate a closer look at the existing standard models of particle physics and cosmology. These are the discovery of neutrino oscillation, and hence a non-zero mass on the one hand and, on the other, observations of distant supernovae which indicate that contrary to popular belief, the universe would continue to expand for ever, possibly accelerating in the process. In this paper it is pointed out that relatively recent studies which indicate a stochastic, quantum vacuum underpinning and a fractal structure for space time, reconcile both of the recent observations, harmoniously.     

On the Gap in the Spectrum of the Translations

The spectrum of the translations in local quantum field theory will be analyzed in order to show that in a positive energy representation without vacuum vector and with lowest mass m₁ there is no gap in the spectrum which is larger than 2m₁. In particular in a zero mass representation there is no hole at all. These results are obtained with methods of analytic functions of several complex variables.     

From the subalgebras of the square to the discriminator

Presented by A. F. Pixley.     

On the Decomposition of the Riesz Operator and the Expansion of the Riesz Semigroup

For a Riesz operator T on a reflexive Banach space X with nonzero eigenvalues denote by E(λ_i; T) the eigen-projection corresponding to an eigenvalue λ_i. In this paper we will show that if the operator sequence is uniformly bounded, then the Riesz operator T can be decomposed into the sum of two operators T_p and T_r: T = T_p + T_r, where T_p is the weak limit of T_n and T_r is quasi-nilpotent. The result is used to obtain an expansion of a Riesz semigroup T(t) for t ≥ τ. As an application, we consider the solution of transport equation on a bounded convex body.     

On the dependence of the growth rate on the length of the defining relator

Let { } be a sequence of finitely presented groups with generating setA={a1, …, am}, and letRk be the symmetrized set of words over the alphabetA∪A−1 obtained from the defining words and their inverses by all cyclic shifts. We shall assume that the words inRk are cyclically irreducible, and their lengths tend to ∞ ask increases. In the paper, it is proved that ifRk satisfies the small cancellation conditionC'(1/6) and the number of relators increases not very rapidly with increasingk, then the growth rate ψ(Gk) tends to 2m−1 ask→∞. Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 611–617, April, 1999.