Developing a decomposable measure of profit efficiency using DEA

In for-profit organizations efficiency measurement with reference to the potential for profit augmentation is particularly important as is its decomposition into technical, and allocative components. Different profit efficiency approaches can be found in the literature to measure and decompose overall profit efficiency. In this paper, we highlight some problems within existing approaches and propose a new measure of profit efficiency based on a geometric mean of input/output adjustments needed for maximizing profits. Overall profit efficiency is calculated through this efficiency measure and is decomposed into its technical and allocative components. Technical efficiency is calculated based on a non-oriented geometric distance function (GDF) that is able to incorporate all the sources of inefficiency, while allocative efficiency is retrieved residually. We also define a measure of profitability efficiency which complements profit efficiency in that it makes it possible to retrieve the scale efficiency of a unit as a component of its profitability efficiency. In addition, the measure of profitability efficiency allows for a dual profitability interpretation of the GDF measure of technical efficiency. The concepts introduced in the paper are illustrated using a numerical example.     

Measuring the efficiency of NBA teams: additive efficiency decomposition in two-stage DEA

This paper evaluates the efficiency of National Basketball Association (NBA) teams under a two-stage DEA framework. Applying the additive efficiency approach, we decompose overall team efficiency into first-stage wage efficiency and second-stage on-court efficiency and find out the individual endogenous weights for each stage. The empirical results show that NBA teams present a better performance on wage efficiency than for on-court efficiency, as on-court efficiency is influenced by many uncontrollable factors. Moreover, NBA teams, on average, tend to possess a higher weight on the first stage, suggesting that teams’ managers can enhance organizational efficiency more efficaciously by prudentially recruiting players.     

基于DEA-Malmquist的中国财产保险公司经营效率实证研究

应用数据包络分析的CCR模型、BCC模型以及DEA-Malmquist指数分别从静态和动态两个角度对2006～2010年中国财产保险公司的技术效率、纯技术效率、规模效率、技术效率变动指数和技术进步指数进行了实证研究。结果表明:大多数公司技术效率无效,存在投入的浪费;一部分公司的技术效率无效是由于规模效率无效造成的;中资保险公司规模经济效应不明显;2006～2010年中资保险公司的效率略有下降,但下降幅度低于外资公司;多数公司整体效率没有较大提高甚至退步的原因主要在于技术水平较低。     

基于三阶段DEA的高校教育投入产出效率评价

采用三阶段DEA模型,选取辽宁省36所地方高校为研究对象,以2014年的统计数据为基础,对教育投入产出效率值进行测算.研究表明,剥离环境因素和随机干扰的影响后,教育投入产出效率由0.628下降到0.536,规模效率由0.802下降到0.637,而纯技术效率由0.779提升到0.833,其中33所高校的规模效率下降,31所高校的纯技术效率上升.从调整的数据可以看出,制约综合技术效率提升的主要因素已由调整前的纯技术效率变为调整后的规模效率.最后针对教育投入产出效率值分析,提出提升高校教育投入产出效率的对策.     

我国商业银行效率测度及其影响因素分析

本文首先采用DEA方法对1999-2004年我国14家商业银行的技术效率、纯技术效率、规模效率进行了测度,在此基础上利用Panel Data模型对影响我国银行效率的若干因素进行了检验,结果表明自有资本比率和资产费用率对银行效率有显著影响,贷款质量、资产市场份额与银行效率值之间呈现较弱的相关关系,产权结构多元化有利于提高银行效率.     

基于SFA的中国保险业X-效率研究

本文运用随机前沿法(SFA)对2001-2006年中国29家保险公司的成本/利润效率状况和演进趋势进行了研究。实证结果表明,中国保险公司的成本效率要高于利润效率,并出现了成本效率减速提高与利润效率稳定上升并存的发展态势;无论在成本或利润效率方面,国有保险公司都低于其他所有制保险公司,但在演进过程中与其他所有制公司的差距正在逐步缩小。同时,财产保险公司的平均成本效率要高于人寿保险公司,而人寿保险公司的平均利润效率要高于财产保险公司.     

基于两阶段DEA方法的中国商业银行效率评价

本文考虑商业银行吸收存款和发放贷款的两阶段特点,引入“顾客满意度”这一产出指标,应用两阶段DEA模型计算了我国15家商业银行在2008年和2011年的服务质量效率和盈利效率,结果显示我国商业银行的盈利效率显著高于服务质量效率。进而综合考虑服务和盈利指标,分析了各银行的综合效率,并通过计算各银行Malmquist指数研究我国商业银行2008年到2011年间的效率变化。结果表明:各商业银行从2008年到2011年的效率整体呈上升趋势,各商业银行的技术效率以及整个银行业的效率都有一定的提高。最后,应用Tobit模型分析了影响银行效率的因素,结果显示银行的贷存比、资产利润率和不良贷款率对效率影响显著。     

基于DEA的江苏高等院校规模有效性分析

综合运用数据包络分析DEA模型对江苏省22所本科院校的总体有效性、技术有效性、规模有效性以及规模报酬进行分析,分析影响效率有效性的因素,得到各高校的效率状况.     

互联网金融背景下我国上市商业银行的效率实证研究

本文通过数据包络分析(DEA)中的CRS模型和VRS模型,对我国16家上市商业银行于2007至2014年在互联网金融背景下的效率进行了测度。根据16家商业银行的综合效率、纯技术效率、规模效率的变动情况,来分析互联网金融对商业银行造成影响和冲击。结果表明,商业银行的整体效率波动与互联网金融环境的变化基本一致,并且,商业银行的规模效率变化与综合技术效率变化保持一致,股份制商业银行的规模效率一直高于国有商业银行。     

基于PCA-DEA和PCA-SFA的大型综合医院绩效评价

分别采用组合PCA-DEA和组合PCA-SFA两种新方法对湖南省35家大型综合医院的综合效率进行测度,在此基础上对两种方法测度出的医院效率值及其排序进行了相关性分析和一致性检验,结果表明两种方法测度出的医院的综合效率在数值上有显著的差异,但是在效率排序上具有很好的一致性.     

我国跨境电商上市企业经营效率研究——基于三阶段DEA-Malmquist指数方法

以33家跨境电商上市企业为研究对象,基于三阶段DEA和Malmquist指数模型从静态和动态两个角度出发,对2013-2018年我国跨境电商上市企业的综合效率、全要素生产效率指数及两者的分解效率进行测度并对比分析,同时分析了宏观经济环境、政府干预和企业自身经营情况等因素对经营效率的影响.结果表明:样本企业经营效率存在个体差异,且外部环境对其经营效率具有显著影响;纯技术效率和规模效率参差不齐是导致综合技术效率分化严重的主要原因.基于此,跨境电商上市企业应积极配合政策变化,加强营销能力,及时调整经营规模,以防范宏观经济风险,提高企业经营效率.     

Do internal controls improve operating efficiency of universities?

Improving operating efficiency is one objective of internal controls (IC). This paper investigates the relationship between IC implementation and operating efficiency of universities. Using data from questionnaire survey and from the field, this study measures IC implementation and applies data envelopment analysis to estimate operating efficiency of 99 universities in Taiwan. The OLS regression results indicate that IC implementation has an insignificant association with teaching-related efficiency, but has a negative and significant association with research-related efficiency. Dividing the sample into public and private universities, the analysis indicates that for public universities, IC implementation has no significant association with any of the two measures of efficiency. But, for private universities, there is a positive and significant association between IC implementation and teaching-related efficiency. The association between IC implementation and research-related efficiency is negative and significant.     

区域高技术产业技术创新效率测度与提升路径研究——基于共享投入关联型两阶段DEA模型

将高技术产业创新过程划分为技术研发和经济转化两个阶段,考虑初始创新投入在两阶段分配、非研发投入及新产品开发费用等因素对创新产出的影响,构建共享投入关联型两阶段DEA模型,并测度了2013~2015创新年度中国大陆30个省份的高技术产业技术创新整体效率与两阶段效率。结果表明:大多数区域高技术产业初始创新投入对研发产出和经济产出均有影响;高技术产业技术创新整体效率与两阶段效率都较低,且各区域创新效率水平差异较大;技术研发效率水平高于整体效率水平,而经济转化效率水平低于整体效率水平。最后,依据高技术产业技术创新两阶段效率及其在整体效率中的权重对各区域进行重分类,有针对性地提出了单边突破式、双向协调式等多条技术创新效率提升路径。     

交通运输设备制造业能源消耗效率的投入产出分析

基于投入产出模型来研究中国交通运输设备制造业的能源消耗效率.首先构造了一个引入能源消耗的投入产出模型.然后利用该投入产出模型对中国交通运输设备制造业的能源消耗效率进行了实证分析,结果表明:1995~2002年间中国交通运输设备制造业的能源直接消耗效率不断提高;1997年比1992年的能源完全消耗效率也明显提高.为进一步提高我国交通运输设备制造业的能源消耗效率,政策的重点应放在提高交通运输设备制造业的间接消耗效率和提高所有产业能源的直接消耗效率.     

基于DEA-Malmquist和Tobit regression的物联网上市公司效率评价

物联网的发展已经成为我国实现经济转型的有力支撑,但其发展过程中呈现的波动性问题仍亟需深入研究.从效率的角度,对我国19家物联网公司的发展状况进行了研究.首先,运用DEA模型测算了19家公司2013-2015年的技术效率、纯技术效率、规模效率以及各公司的规模收益状况.计算结果表明物联网上市公司的效率在整体上呈现上升趋势,只有同方股份在三年内规模收益状况为递减.其次,运用DEA-Malmquist测算了19家公司的技术效率变化指数、技术进步指数、纯技术效率变化指数、规模效率变化指数和全要素生产率变化指数.结果表明,技术进步指数低是制约这19家公司生产力发展的关键问题.最后,运用Tobit regression分析了11项财务指标对技术效率、纯技术效率以及规模效率影响的显著性,得出财务指标对规模效率存在显著影响.基于效率和影响因素分析的实际,为物联网上市公司的发展提供合理的建议,推动我国物联网产业实现良性有序发展.     

Single-Period Markowitz Portfolio Selection,Performance Gauging,and Duality: A Variation on the Luenberger Shortage Function

The Markowitz portfolio theory (Ref. 1) has stimulated research into the efficiency of portfolio management. This paper studies existing nonparametric efficiency measurement approaches for single-period portfolio selection from a theoretical perspective and generalizes currently used efficiency measures into the full mean-variance space. We introduce the efficiency improvement possibility function (a variation on the shortage function), study its axiomatic properties in the context of the Markowitz efficient frontier, and establish a link to the indirect mean-variance utility function. This framework allows distinguishing between portfolio efficiency and allocative efficiency; furthermore, it permits retrieving information about the revealed risk aversion of investors. The efficiency improvement possibility function provides a more general framework for gauging the efficiency of portfolio management using nonparametric frontier envelopment methods based on quadratic optimization.     

Factors affecting primary health care centers’ economic and production efficiency

Little is known about the efficiency of health centers, despite their central role in primary health care strategy for several countries. This study evaluates the health centers in Greece, and identifies factors impeding the achievement of efficiency, with the aim of determining how their efficiency could be improved. Two alternative conceptual models are used to ensure the consistency of the efficiency results: one model is focusing on production efficiency and the other on economic efficiency. Subsequently a second stage analysis is performed to account for the impact of explanatory variables on efficiency. The use of DEA models alongside with bootstrap techniques allows calculating more accurately the efficiency scores that can reflect the performance of health centers more properly. The main drivers of health centers’ technical efficiency for both conceptual models were the location characteristics, the population growth, the mortality rate and the competition. The scale efficiency of health centers in production model is reflected by the size of their respective covered populations, the location characteristics and the mortality rate while the economic model is affected by their size, the location characteristics and the percentage of population working in agriculture. Determining how these variables influence on efficiency is essential for determining performance improvement strategies.     

两阶段视角下高技术产业技术创新效率及影响因素研究

基于两阶段视角,将规模报酬可变网络SBM模型和DEA.窗口分析方法相结合,分析了中国高技术产业17个细分行业2002-2011年间技术创新效率的变动趋势和行业差异,并利用面板Tobit,模型检验了技术创新效率的影响因素.结果表明:高技术产业技术创新效率值总体偏低,半数以上行业两阶段效率均处于低位区间,改进和提升空间很大.技术转化效率一直显著高于技术研发效率,两阶段效率失衡问题非常明显.行业集中度、开放度和所有制结构因素均对研发效率和总效率有显著影响,而行业集中度和企业规模对技术转化效率有显著影响.     

截断分布族中估计的渐近有效性（Ⅱ）

本文在一般截断型分布族中给出了参数函数的估计的Ｂａｈａｄｕｒ型渐近有效性的一种定义，验证了常用估计德这种渐近有效性，比较了Ｂａｈａｄｕｒ型与竹内启型渐近有效性之间的关系，系统地给出了具有Ｂａｈａｄｕｒ型但不具竹内启型渐近有效性估计的例子。     

中国建筑产业链两阶段综合效率、纯技术效率、规模效率及其影响因素

目前从建筑产业链角度对建筑产业效率问题的研究并不多。据此,本研究通过梳理相关文献,识别出建筑产业链的两个关键环节:工程咨询阶段和工程施工阶段;根据筛选的建筑产业链投入、产出指标,利用链式关联网络DEA模型测算2014~2015年中国各省份建筑产业链两阶段的综合效率、纯技术效率与规模效率;利用Tobit模型确定影响三种效率的关键因素,以此实现对建筑产业链两阶段生产资源的优化与整合,更期待为客观度量产业链两阶段生产效率的研究提供新思路与方法。研究发现,综合效率普遍偏低且各省份之间差距较大,其主要原因是纯技术效率偏低且省份之间差异大;三种效率的主要影响因素及其作用程度不尽相同。在此基础上提出相应的对策建议以促进中国建筑业生产效率的提高。