管理有效性与管理贡献率的测算

生产单元的管理有效性具体体现在优化配置所有参与生产过程的物质资源和人力资源,适时调整生产规模.在这一含义之下,利用等效益面生产函数可将一个生产单元的经济增长分解为三个要素的代数和.他们分别是投入要素的贡献、技术进步和管理效应.其中管理贡献反映的是技术效率的改善,其本质就是偏要素生产率的变化和规模效应即资源配置效率.在其离散型分解式的基础上,可以根据这些要素的不同变化情况,进一步测算管理贡献率.基于等效益面生产函数上的管理贡献率测算方法同时考虑了管理有效性概念的内涵和外延,具有明确的经济意义和几何意义.     

基于关联网络DEA模型的管理效率评价

为了研究链形系统和系统内部各生产过程的管理效率,本文提出了一种关联型网络DEA模型.该模型将反映客观基础条件的指标作为非生产性投入,在测算系统管理效率的同时还能测算各子系统的管理效率.理论分析表明:链型组织系统管理有效的充分必要条件是系统内的每个子系统均管理有效.这种能够揭示组织内部管理有效性的效率分析方法将有助于企业探寻管理无效的具体环节,并为进一步提高整体管理效率提供决策支持.     

多层次模糊综合评价在高校管理中的应用

本利用多层次模糊综合评价，对高校管理工作进行评价。由于高校管理工作中某些因素具有模糊性，所有用模糊数学的方法来确定、处理它，可以更客观、更实际地为高校管理提供决策依据。     

模糊概念格

概念格是研究和处理概念内涵与外延确定性关系的数学方法 ,已成为一种有效的数据分析方法。本文进一步探讨概念内涵与外延的不确定关系的模糊映射 ,给出相应的隶属函数的一些基本数学性质 ,证明全体模糊概念构成一个完全格。     

基于未确知测度理论的工业企业经济效益评价

介绍了工业企业经济效益评价的经济指标,建立了基于未确知测度理论的多属性综合评价方法.在确定各评价对象的属性权重时,采用熵值法这一客观性方法来确定.通过实例,将这种方法应用于具体的工业企业经济效益的评价,为评价企业经济效益提供了一种量化处理的方法,从而能够更直观、更合理地分析评价企业的经济效益状况.     

概念粒计算系统外延的判别定理

概念粒计算系统是基于两个完备格之间的外延内涵算子和内涵外延算子构成的模型系统,它包括经典概念格,L模糊概念格及变精度概念格等.本文以三种概念粒计算系统为模型研究了概念外延的特征及其相互关系,给出了外延为经典集、内涵为模糊集和外延为模糊集、内涵为经典集这两种概念粒计算系统的概念外延判别定理,并且讨论了几种模型概念之间的关系与性质.     

多层次模糊综合评价在高校管理中的应用

本文利用多层次模糊综合评价 ,对高校管理工作进行评价 .由于高校管理工作中某些因素具有模糊性 ,所以用模糊数学的方法来研究、处理它 ,可以更客观、更实际地为高校管理者提供决策依据     

基于灰色聚类分析的企业应急管理能力评价

在对企业应急管理能力概念初步界定的基础上,建立企业应急管理能力评价指标体系,针对企业应急管理能力多指标综合评价中存在的主观性问题,依据灰色聚类原理,提供了一种计算各指标权重的方法,使得指标之间的权重在评价过程中自动产生,不需要经过人为判断,减少了评价过程中的主观因素.结合实例企业,通过专家对各指标进行评估打分,根据评价...     

结合聚类与判别划分企业类型──与高、毕二同志商榷

一个企业经营情况的好坏,一般可以通过几个或十几个经济指标值反映出来.在一些企业的各项相应指标值有交叉的情况下,要评价这些企业就孰优孰劣,就不是一个简单的问题,《数理统计与管理》杂志1986年第8期上刊登了高元源、毕风英两同志的文章:《用二级判别法评价企业综合经济效益的探讨》(以下简称高文)对上述问题进行了研究.他们以全国20家药厂为例.每个企业测四项经济指标(见高文),用判别分析的方法建立判别函数(即综合性的新指标).用此判别函数来确定一个企业究竟属对哪种类型,这无疑是一种有益的尝试.为客观地评价一个企业的经济效益提供…     

概念格的粗糙近似比较研究

形式背景产生了概念格,每个节点由外延和内涵组成.对形式背景论域中的任何一个子集,可用外延来近似,在这方面已有了4种方法.对这些方法进行了比较研究,利用粗糙集理论证明了用这些方法所求出的概念的上近似外延是相同的,并利用粗糙集理论研究了概念格属性约简后,原来方法对结果的一致性.     

Managerial and economic impacts of reducing delivery variance in the supply chain

This paper addresses the managerial and economic impacts of improving delivery performance in a serial supply chain when delivery performance is evaluated with respect to a delivery window. Building on contemporary management theories that advocate variance reduction as the critical step in improving the overall performance of a system, we model the variance of delivery time to the final customer as a function of the investment to reduce delivery variance and the costs associated with untimely delivery (expected earliness and lateness). A logarithmic investment function is used and the model solution involves the minimization of a convex–concave total cost function. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the model and the solution procedure. The model presented provides guidelines for determining the optimal level of financial investment for reducing delivery variance. The managerial implications as well as the economic aspects of delivery variance reduction in supply chain management are discussed.     

An integrated performance evaluation of financial holding companies in Taiwan

There has been a worldwide trend for financial institutions to become larger in scale and more diversified in scope, with Taiwan being no exception. Fourteen financial holding companies (FHCs) have each begun to function as a management umbrella in Taiwan by investing in different types of financial services such as banking, insurance, and securities. This paper focuses on this local financing issue from an integrated methodological perspective by model innovations proposed in several earlier studies. For example, the efficiency of profitability and marketability are combined to evaluate the FHCs’ performance. To conduct a valid and reliable evaluation process while applying the FHC’s case in Taiwan, we integrate the slacks-based measure (SBM) and slacks-based measure of super efficiency (super-SBM) models in order to directly handle the slacks and identify the best performers. A new scheme that deals with the negative output data in the SBM/super-SBM is also introduced. Inter-temporal efficiency change, which is decomposed into ‘catch-up’ and ‘frontier-shift’ effects, is analyzed by means of the SBM-based Malmquist index. A decision-making matrix is also presented to help the FHCs’ managerial authorities position themselves in the industry. The above techniques show with a high degree of consistency that large-sized FHCs perform better than small-sized ones.     

Performance evaluation of university extension providers: A frontier approach for ordered response data

A frontier model is used to evaluate the performance of extension service providers in the US land grant university system when providing assistance to organic producers. Performance efficiency indicates the effectiveness of extension agents in achieving the highest evaluations from their clientele conditioned on the farm level characteristics and environmental resources and constraints of the organic farmers. Mean performance efficiency of the extension agents is above 0.69 for entire sample with top performing extension service experts outperforming the average providers by about 44%. Performance efficiency, or advisory outcomes that are below the best that extension could provide, are not significantly reduced when extension agents deal with difficult evaluation situations.     

Organizational capability,efficiency, and effectiveness in Major League Baseball: 1901–2002

Effective organizations need capabilities relevant to their missions and must manage those capabilities efficiently. We anticipate capability is more important in industries in which labor is highly paid, while efficiency is more important in industries in which labor is inexpensive. We explore the contributions of capability and efficiency to effectiveness for Major League Baseball teams from 1901 through 2002. Our analysis measures team capability using offensive and defensive statistics and uses Network Data Envelopment Analysis to derive efficiency scores to capture managerial performance. We define effectiveness as the team’s winning percentage. Both capability and efficiency are significant contributors to regular season effectiveness. Capability is more important. Finally, we examine the post-season performance of post-season teams between 1903 and 2002. Our analysis measures post-season performance based on the team’s winning percentage and that of its opponent. Post-season performance is unrelated to capability and managerial performance, accounting for about 1% of post-season success.     

DEA environmental assessment: Measurement of damages to scale with unified efficiency under managerial disposability or environmental efficiency

This study proposes a use of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for environmental assessment. Firms usually produce not only desirable but also undesirable outputs as a result of their economic activities. The concept of disposability on undesirable outputs is separated into natural and managerial disposability. Natural disposability is an environmental strategy in which firms decrease their inputs to reduce a vector of undesirable outputs. Given the reduced input vector, they attempt to increase desirable outputs as much as possible. Managerial disposability involves the opposite strategy of increasing an input vector. The concept of disposability expresses an environmental strategy that considers a regulation change on undesirable outputs as a new business opportunity. Firms attempt to improve their unified (operational and environmental) performance by utilizing new technology and/or new management. Considering the two disposability concepts, this study discusses how to measure unified efficiency under managerial disposability and then discusses how to measure environmental efficiency. The proposed uses of DEA can serve as an empirical basis for measuring new economic concepts such as “Scale Damages (SD)”, corresponding to scale economies for undesirable outputs, and “Damages to Scale (DTS)”, corresponding to returns to scale for undesirable outputs.     

Does knowledge management matter? Assessing the performance of electricity distribution districts based on slacks-based data envelopment analysis

This study uses slacks-based data envelopment analysis (DEA) to examine the performance of electricity distribution districts (EDDs) in Taiwan in 2004. It also explores the relationship between a knowledge management system (KMS) and variations in the efficiency of EDDs in the Taiwan Power Company from 2000 to 2004. The findings show that the EDDs performed well in terms of managerial efficiency in 2004, and 75% of the districts exhibited an increasing performance variation when using cross-period analysis for that period. We show that there is a positive relationship between a KMS and variations in organizational efficiency. In addition, we present a decision-making matrix and conceptual map to help EDD managers improve their managerial efficiency and skills. This study contributes to the field of knowledge management research by applying the DEA model to link the performance between KMS and an organization. Several significant findings emerge from the study.     

Information Management,Organization and Managerial Effectiveness

In this paper we argue that information management is not only about managing the information resources of an organization as an economic activity; it is also about the use that individuals make of their information inputs and outputs. The discussion centres on individual managers, particularly on how successful they are in converting information into effective action. The management of complexity is seen as the cornerstone of managerial activities; managers are always faced with the problem of matching their limited information-processing capacity to the much larger information space implied by their responsibilities and commitments. It is argued that managers can employ at least three possible strategies to achieve an adequate matching: they can make adjustments to the organization structure; they can design their organizational conversations; and they can aim at a good manager-to-task fit.     

Managerial Judgement in a Competitive Bidding Model

The basic Friedman model is extended to allow for bias in cost estimates and the use of management judgement on market trends. The estimated mean bid is used as a parameter. Simulation, using data from four construction companies, is used to evaluate the performance of the resulting model. A sensitivity analysis is used to determine the required accuracy for the management estimate. A brief account is given of the introduction of the model as a practical tool of top management in a major construction firm.     

Identifying the efficiency status in network DEA

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is commonly employed to evaluate the efficiency performance of a decision making unit (DMU) that transforms exogenous inputs into final outputs. In such a black-box DEA approach, details of an internal production process of the DMU are typically ignored and hence the locations of inefficiency are not adequately provided. In view of this, DEA researchers have recently developed various network approaches by looking into the black box, where the inputs that enter the box and the outputs that come out of it are only considered. However, most of these network approaches evaluate divisional efficiency by using an optimal solution of their respective optimization problem. If such an optimal solution is used in the case when there are multiple optima, then managerial guidance based on this solution alone may be inappropriate because more appropriate targets from the viewpoint of management may be ignored. Taking this fact into account, therefore, we propose a network approach for identifying the efficiency status of each DMU and its divisions. This approach provides a practical computational procedure.