｜a b｜≤｜a｜ ｜b｜取舍等号的条件应用

我们知道不等式｜ａ＋ｂ｜≤｜ａ｜＋｜ｂ｜是高中代数下册中２５页的一个定理,它在解有关绝对值问题中有着重要的应用．我们现对这个不等式取舍等号的条件进行分析,不难得到两条重要的推论：１．｜ａ＋ｂ｜＝｜ａ｜＋｜ｂ｜ａｂ≥０;２．｜ａ＋ｂ｜＜｜ａ｜＋｜ｂ｜ａｂ＜０．这两个基本的互逆关系,显示了数学协调美的内力,充分体现了数学问题的相互转化的作用,标志着它们必有优美的应用．下面举例说明．例１　（上海市１９８４年中学数学竞赛题）方程｜２ｘ－１｜＋｜ｘ－２｜＝｜ｘ＋１｜的实数解为．解　原方程可化为｜２ｘ－…     

求复数模的最值常见错误浅析

求复数模的最值常见错误浅析３５３１００福建省建瓯一中叶家旺复数模的最值的求法是复数中的一个重要知识点．通常方法有：代数法、三角法、图象法、利用｜ｚ｜２＝Ｚ·Ｚ．利用｜｜ｚ１｜－｜ｚ２｜｜≤｜ｚ１±ｚ２｜≤｜ｚ１｜＋｜ｚ２｜．等基本方法．学生在应用上述...     

一个特殊等比数列

众所周知,若点Ｐ内分线段ＡＢ,使得｜ＡＰ｜／｜ＰＢ｜＝｜ＢＡ｜／｜ＡＰ｜则称这一分割为黄金分割,而｜ＡＰ｜／｜ＡＢ｜的值称为黄金分割比,我们用λ表示,λ＝（－１＋５）／２;著名数学家华罗庚推广的“优选法”,又称０．６１８法,其中０．６１８就是λ的近似值,显然,｜ＡＢ｜、｜ＡＰ｜、｜ＢＰ｜的值成等比数列,｜ＡＰ｜为｜ＢＰ｜和｜ＡＢ｜的比例中项,而｜ＡＰ｜＝λ｜ＡＢ｜,若设｜ＡＢ｜＝１,则｜ＡＰ｜＝λ;由上启示,我们得到一个特殊等比数列｛ａｎ｝：它的首项为ａ１,公比为λ＝（５－１）／２．这个特殊等比…     

等比数列的一个性质

设｛ａｎ｝是以ｑ为公比的等比数列,其前ｎ项和为Ｓｎ,若１≤ｍ＜ｎ,则易知　Ｓｎ＝Ｓｍ＋ｑｍＳｎ－ｍ．（１）特别地,当ｍ＝１而ｎ＞１时,有　　　　　Ｓｎ＝ａ１＋ｑＳｎ－１．（２）这是等比数列的一个简单性质,容易推出其逆命题也成立．下面举两例说明（１）和（２）的应用．例１　设｛ａｎ｝为等比数列,公比为ｑ,前ｎ项和为Ｓｎ．（Ⅰ）若对任何ｉ＝１,２,…,ｍ,有｜Ｓｉ｜≤Ｍ（常数）,则对任何ｉ＝１,２,…,２ｍ,有｜Ｓｉ｜≤（１＋｜ｑ｜ｍ）Ｍ．（Ⅱ）若对任何ｉ＝１,２,…,ｍ,有｜Ｓｉ｜≤Ｍ且｜ｑ｜＜１,…     

On the Moments of S_ny/(nφ(n))~(1/p) in p-type Space

§１．　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｎ１９６７，Ｔｅｉｃｈｅｒｐｒｏｖｅｄｔｈａｔ［１］Ｅ（Ｓｕｐｎ｜Ｓｎ｜ｎＬ２ｎ）ｐ＜＋∞，　ｉｆｆＥＸ２ｌｏｇ＋｜Ｘ｜Ｌ２｜Ｘ｜＜＋∞，ｐ＝２Ｅ｜Ｘ｜ｐ＜＋∞，ｐ＞２　　　　．　Ｗｈｅｒｅ｛Ｘ，Ｘｎ，ｎ≥１｝ｉｓａｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅｏｆｉ．ｉ．ｄｒｅａｌｒａｎｄｏｍｖａｒｉａｂｌｅｓｗｉｔｈｍｅａｎｓｚｅｒｏ．Ｉｎ１９９５，Ｔｈｅｓｉｍｉｌａｒｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｓｅｔｕｐｆｏｒｉ．ｉ．ｄｒａｎｄｏｍｖａｒｉａｂｌｅｓ｛Ｘ，Ｘｎｎ≥１｝ｗｉｔｈｍｅａｎ…     

关于Bernstein多项式的绝对收敛性

该文研究Ｂｅｒｎｓｔｅｉｎ多项式的绝对收敛性．证明了，对每个ｘ∈［０，１］，一个有界变差函数的Ｂｅｒｎｓｔｅｉｎ多项式序列是绝对｜Ｃ，１｜可和的，而且给出了Ｂｅｒｓｔｅｉｎ多项式序列的绝对｜Ｃ，１｜和式的余项的估计．     

忽视函数定义域错解剖析

在函数这一章的复习中,笔者发现学生在解有关函数性质问题时,经常发生一些不该有的错误．本文仅就此发表一点看法．例１判断函数ｆ（ｘ）＝１－ｘ２｜ｘ＋２｜－２的奇偶性．错解∵ｆ（－ｘ）＝１－（－ｘ）２｜－ｘ＋２｜－２＝１－ｘ２｜ｘ－２｜－２．∴ｆ（－ｘ）≠...     

动态系统中鞍点处的熵与分维

若ｆ（ｘ，ｙ）在不动点为鞍点的特征值满足λ１＞１＞｜λ２｜＞０，｜λ１·λ２｜＜１，则ｆ（ｘ，ｙ）限制在鞍点的局部有公式α＝１＋１ｎｒ是局部熵，α是局部分维数．把公式应用到Ｈｅｎｏｎ映射中，当α＝１．４，ｂ＝０．３时，得到１ｎｒ＝０．４５４，α＝１．２４４．     

代数综合测试题

一、选择题１．设集合Ｍ＝｛ｘ｜２２－ｘ≥１｝,集合Ｎ＝｛ｘ｜ｘ２－２ｘ－３＜０｝,集合Ｍ∩Ｎ＝（）（Ａ）｛ｘ｜０≤ｘ＜１｝（Ｂ）｛ｘ｜０≤ｘ＜２｝（Ｃ）｛ｘ｜０≤ｘ≤１｝（Ｄ）｛ｘ｜０≤ｘ≤２｝２．已知函数ｆ（ｘ）＝２ｘ,则函数ｙ＝｜ｆ－１（ｘ－１...     

新题征展(18)

Ａ　题组新编 １．已知ｆ（ｘ）＝　满足ｆ（０）＋ｆ（４）＝Ｆ（ａ＋３）,（１）求ａ的值;（２）当ｆ～（－１）（２Ｘ）＋１＞ｋｆ～（－１）（ｘ）恒成立时,求ｋ的取值范国;（３）若三个互不相等的正数ｍ、ｎ、ｔ成等比数列,问ｆ（ｍ）、ｆ（ｎ）、ｆ（ｔ）能否成等差数列？ ２．设双曲线　　＝１（ａ＞０,ｂ＞０）的 右顶点为Ａ,Ｐ是双曲线上的一个动点（异于顶点）,从Ａ引双曲线的两条渐近线的平行线与直线 ＯＰ分别交于Ｑ和Ｒ两点,则 （１）｜ＯＱ｜、｜ＯＰ｜、｜ＯＲ｜成＿数列; （２）｜ＯＱ｜＋ ｜ＯＲ｜—２｜ＯＰ｜…     

A priori estimate for continuation of the solution of the heat equation in the space variable

Summary Let u(x, t) satisfy the heat equation in a region D in the x−t plane and vanish initially. Let |u|<M₀ in D and |u _i ² |<∈ in D* ⊂ D. Then, in D−D*, |u|< , where B=B(x, t) satisfies O<B<1 and B(x, t) and M₁ are given explicity by simple formulas. The a priori bound is applied to an error analysis of a numerical procedure for continuing solutions of the heat equation in the space variable. Work was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission.     

Explicit Formulas of the Bergman Kernel for Some Reinhardt Domains

In this paper we obtain the closed forms of some hypergeometric functions. As an application, we obtain the explicit forms of the Bergman kernel functions for Reinhardt domains \(\{|z_3|^{\lambda } < |z_1|^{2p} + |z_2|^2, \ |z_1|^{2p} + |z_2|^2 < |z_1|^{p} \}\) and \(\{|z_4|^{\lambda } < (|z_1|^2 + |z_2|^2)^{p} + |z_3|^2, \ (|z_1|^2 + |z_2|^2)^{p} + |z_3|^2 < (|z_1|^2 + |z_2|^2 )^{p/2} \}\).     

Equivalence and symmetries of first order differential equations

In this article, the equivalence and symmetries of underdetermined differential equations and differential equations with deviations of the first order are considered with respect to the pseudogroup of transformations . That means, the transformed unknown function is obtained by means of the change of the independent variable and subsequent multiplication by a nonvanishing factor. Instead of the common direct calculations, we use some more advanced tools from differential geometry; however, the exposition is self-contained and only the most fundamental properties of differential forms are employed. We refer to analogous achievements in literature. In particular, the generalized higher symmetry problem involving a finite number of invariants of the kind is compared to similar results obtained by means of auxiliary functional equations.     

On a Uniform Treatment of Darboux’s Method

Let F(z) be an analytic function in |z| < 1. If F(z) has only a finite number of algebraic singularities on the unit circle |z| = 1, then Darbouxs method can be used to give an asymptotic expansion for the coefficient of zⁿ in the Maclaurin expansion of F(z). However, the validity of this expansion ceases to hold, when the singularities are allowed to approach each other. A special case of this confluence was studied by Fields in 1968. His results have been considered by others to be too complicated, and desires have been expressed to investigate whether any simplification is feasible. In this paper, we shall show that simplification is indeed possible. In the case of two coalescing algebraic singularities, our expansion involves only two Bessel functions of the first kind.     

On Necessary Conditions for the Existence of Local Solutions to Singular Nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equations and Inequalities

We obtain conditions for the nonexistence of global solutions and estimates of existence time for local solutions to the problem $$\frac{{d^k y}}{{dt^k }} \geqslant a_1 (t)\left| y \right|^{q_1 } + a_2 (t)\left| y \right|^{q_2 } + \cdots + a_n (t)\left| y \right|^{q_n } .$$ The proofs are based on the method of trial functions developed by Mitidieri and Pokhozhaev.     

Second-Order Subelliptic Operators on Lie Groups I: Complex Uniformly Continuous Principal Coefficients

We consider second-order subelliptic operators with complex coefficients over a connected Lie group G. If the principal coefficients are right uniformly continuous then we prove that the operators generate strongly continuous holomorphic semigroups with kernels K satisfying Gaussian bounds. Moreover, the kernels are Hölder continuous and for each 0, 1 and > 0 one has estimates

一类高阶中立型方程的周期解

利用Fourier级数理论讨论了一类高阶中立型方程的周期解问题。所得结果改进了司建国(应用数学和力学,第17卷1期:关于高阶常系数中立型方程周期解的讨论)的主要结果,即将该文定理1的条件|b₀|<1/2改为|b₀|≠1,从而该文的其它定理也可相应得到改进。     

The approximate solution of singular integral equations

A computational scheme of collocation type is proposed for a singular linear integral equation with a power singularity in the regular integral and the justification is given. The results obtained are used to justify the approximate solution of the singular integral equation $$Kx \equiv a(t)x(t) + \frac{{b(t)}}{{\pi i}}\smallint _{\left| \tau \right| = 1} \frac{{x(\tau )d\tau }}{{\tau - t}} + \frac{1}{{2\pi i}}\smallint _{\left| \tau \right| = 1} \frac{{h|t,\tau )x(\tau )}}{{\left| {\tau - t} \right|^\delta }}d\tau = f(t)$$ by a modification of the method of minimal residuals.     

Estimates of Conformal Radius and Distortion Theorems for Univalent Functions

A simple proof of the recent result by E. G. Emel'yanov concerning the maximum of the conformal radius r(D,1) for a family of simply connected domains with a fixed value r(D,0) is given. A similar problem is solved for a family of convex domains. Exact estimates for functionals of the form are obtained for families of functions inverse to elements of the classes S and S_m, where S={f:f is regular and univalent in the disk {z:|z| < 1} and f(0)=f'(0)-1=0} and S_M= for . Bibliography: 7 titles.     

On the Absolute Summability of Series with Respect to Block-Orthonormal Systems

Theorems determining Weyl's multipliers for the summability almost everywhere by the |c, 1| method of the series with respect to block-orthonormal systems are proved. In particular, it is stated that if the sequence {(n)} is the Weyl multiplier for the summability almost everywhere by the |c, 1| method of all orthogonal series, then there exists a sequence {N _k} such that {(n)} will be the Weyl multiplier for the summability almost everywhere by the |c, 1| method of all series with respect to the _k -orthonormal systems.