最低工资如何影响制造业劳动力成本?——基于面板数据分位数处理效应模型的分析

本文控制地区和时间的变化,研究2011-2013年中部六省各地市最低工资标准上调对企业劳动力成本的异质性影响。利用2011-2013年中国微观数据库中中部六省制造业企业数据进行分析,结果显示:最低工资标准每提升1%,制造业企业劳动力将整体平均上涨0.039%,其中,劳动密集型企业上涨0.107%,而资本密集型企业劳动力成本将平均下降0.055%。借助2011-2013年安徽省和江西省最低工资上涨的“准自然实验”证实了最低工资标准提升对劳动力成本的影响主要集中在低工资水平的企业的结论。对工资水平较高的劳动密集型企业存在溢出效应,但对资本密集型企业有降低劳动力成本的效应。并且最低工资政策对于不同行业性质的企业影响具有异质性。相关部门在调整最低工资标准时应将最低工资的分位水平考虑在内,实行行业差异性最低工资水平,并且需要考虑企业的成本创新效应。     

地区金融发展影响中国企业出口波动的实证研究

稳外贸是中国“六稳”工作的重要内容.从中国地区金融发展水平差异和企业出口波动相关性的角度出发,利用2000-2013年样本数据（暂不包括港澳台地区,全文同）,从金融发展规模、金融发展结构和金融发展效率三个方面研究了地区金融发展对中国企业出口波动的影响.回归结果表明,地区金融发展规模、金融发展结构和金融发展效率对降低企业出口波动均具有显著的积极作用,而且地区金融发展规模带来的效应最大;地区金融发展对企业出口波动的影响在企业所有制类型、企业所属区域、企业所属行业等方面具有异质性.基于研究结果,提出了进一步加快地区金融服务创新、促进外贸出口稳定增长的政策建议.     

不同所有制企业绩效比较实证分析及其对策建议——以高压开关行业为例

本文以高压开关行业为例,通过聚类分析和因子分析两种定量的统计分析方法,对三种不同所有制企业的绩效进行了实证分析,以研究不同的所有制对企业绩效是否有影响。从理论上分析国有企业绩效较差的原因,并提出了相应的对策和建议。     

国有企业混合所有制改革、财务报告可读性与会计盈余价值相关性

财务报告因专业术语晦涩难懂、篇幅冗长变得越来越复杂而受到广泛批评,复杂财务报告的经济后果受到学术界和实务界关注.文章以我国混合所有制改革试点企业为样本,研究发现:1)财务报告可读性越差,盈余的价值相关性越低;2)混合所有制改革能够强化盈余价值相关性与财务报告可读性之间的正向关系.进一步还发现,股权融合能够提高企业价值、盈余价值相关性并正向调节财务报告可读性与企业价值之间的正向关系,但提高民营资本持股比例对企业价值、盈余价值相关性以及财务报告可读性与价值之间关系的影响并不明显.提高股权融合程度在改善信息传递效率方面要优于提高民营资本持股比例.混合所有制改革中需要提高股权融合度,而不是仅仅增加民营资本的比例.     

第三方物流整合对绩效影响:企业特征的调节效应的实证研究

本文研究第三方物流整合对企业绩效的影响以及企业特征的权变效应,通过对130家物流外包企业的问卷调查数据的实证分析发现第三方物流整合促进企业绩效提高,并且这种促进作用受到企业特征(企业规模、年龄、所有制结构、行业)的影响。企业规模越大,第三方物流整合对运营绩效的促进作用越明显;企业年龄越大,第三方物流整合对财务绩效的影响越小;本土企业实现第三方物流整合对绩效的促进作用要明显优于外资企业;服务业企业实现第三方物流整合对绩效的促进效果比制造业更强。     

基于内容分析法的智力资本报表(InCaS)与中国企业的适配问题研究

作为一种战略管理工具,智力资本报表(InCaS)已经广泛用于欧洲企业.但这种工具是否适用于中国企业?为了探讨这一问题,通过分析InCaS的运行机制和InCaS在欧洲的最佳应用实践,得出其适用的边界条件.在这种边界条件之下,选取204家中国的上市公司,在对其进行行业、规模和生命周期阶段分类的基础之上,运用内容分析法对204家企业的年报进行分析.进而探讨不同行业、规模和生命周期阶段的企业在智力资本披露方面的现状和差异.对比InCaS在欧洲的应用情况探讨InCaS与中国企业的适配问题.     

非国有股东治理与企业资本运营效率——监管方式的调节作用

提升企业的资本运营效率是国资国企改革要解决的重要问题,以混合所有制改革和“管资本”为主的监督制度转型为背景,采用2008~2019年上市公司数据,从股权治理和高管治理的两个方面,探讨了非国有股东治理对企业资本运营效率的影响,以及监管方式的调节作用。研究发现:非国有股东治理能够有效提升企业的资本运营效率,清单监管方式和大数据监管方式正向调节了非国有股东治理与企业资本运营效率之间的关系。研究对于协同推进混合所有制改革和国资监管体制改革以提升企业资本运营效率有一定的现实意义。     

两阶段视角下高技术产业技术创新效率及影响因素研究

基于两阶段视角,将规模报酬可变网络SBM模型和DEA.窗口分析方法相结合,分析了中国高技术产业17个细分行业2002-2011年间技术创新效率的变动趋势和行业差异,并利用面板Tobit,模型检验了技术创新效率的影响因素.结果表明:高技术产业技术创新效率值总体偏低,半数以上行业两阶段效率均处于低位区间,改进和提升空间很大.技术转化效率一直显著高于技术研发效率,两阶段效率失衡问题非常明显.行业集中度、开放度和所有制结构因素均对研发效率和总效率有显著影响,而行业集中度和企业规模对技术转化效率有显著影响.     

中国高新技术产业研发创新效率测算——基于三阶段DEA模型

研发创新效率是影响高新技术产业创新能力的关键问题,以中国高新技术产业的行业面板数据(2000_2009年),基于三阶段DEA模型,在控制环境因素的基础上测算了我国高新技术产业的研发创新效率。研究表明,在剔除政府支持、市场结构、企业规模、所有制结构等环境因素以前规模效率被高估,纯技术效率被低估。与经典DEA模型相比,三阶段DEA模型的测算结果更符合经济现实,更能客观地反映各行业的研发创新效率水平。     

基于面板数据的中国医药制造行业资本结构影响因素实证分析

本文以1998—2002年在上海、深圳证券交易所上市的医药制造行业公司为样本,运用面板数据模型,对决定我国医药制造行业上市公司资本结构的主要因素,进行实证分析。实证结果表明:非观测的个体异质性因素显著;在行业销售模式发生重大变革的前提下,债务特别是短期债务,为销售费用的融资提供了有力的资本支持;具有高增长期权的制约公司债务筹集能力较强;非债务税盾不能构成利息税盾的替代;成长性、规模、资产担保价值和产生内部资源的能力,对中国医药制造行业上市公司资本结构的影响不大。     

企业能力指数测评模型研究

在新经济和全球化的影响下，企业之间的竞争演变为企业能力的竞争。企业要想生存发展，必须构建和提高自身的能力。因此，对企业能力做出科学的评估，从而确定企业战略、选择合作伙伴、优化供应链是十分重要的。本从企业能力及其指数定义出发，研究了企业能力的构成体系，利用模糊层次分析法，建立了企业能力指数测评模型，并给出了一个实例。     

Estimation of mean and variance of net present value with certain and uncertain project life: a multiperiod CAPM approach

A multiperiod capital asset pricing model has the ability to consider risk by incorporating correlation between project and market parameters. This paper presents expressions for mean and variance of net present value of a project, in a multiperiod capital asset pricing model context, for the cases of certain and uncertain project lives. Both cases consider two types of cash flows, independent and correlated over time. The effects of (i) uncertainty in project life, (ii) correlation amongst subsequent cash flows, and (iii) the elasticity of expectations on the estimates of mean and variance of net present value have been studied through a numerical example.     

A polyhedral approach to a production planning problem

Production planning in manufacturing industries is concerned with the determination of the production quantities (lot sizes) of some items over a time horizon, in order to satisfy the demand with minimum cost, subject to some production constraints. In general, production planning problems become harder when different types of constraints are present, such as capacity constraints, minimum lot sizes, changeover times, among others. Models incorporating some of these constraints yield, in general, NP-hard problems. We consider a single-machine, multi-item lot-sizing problem, with those difficult characteristics. There is a natural mixed integer programming formulation for this problem. However, the bounds given by linear relaxation are in general weak, so solving this problem by LP based branch and bound is inefficient. In order to improve the LP bounds, we strengthen the formulation by adding cutting planes. Several families of valid inequalities for the set of feasible solutions are derived, and the corresponding separation problems are addressed. The result is a branch and cut algorithm, which is able to solve some real life instances with 5 items and up to 36 periods. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

“Optimization of aircraft maintenance/support infrastructure using genetic algorithms—level of repair analysis”

Level of repair analysis (LORA) is an approach used during the design stage of complex equipment for analysis of the cost effectiveness of competing maintenance strategies. LORA is carried as a part of the life cycle cost and cost of ownership analysis and plays a significant role in minimizing the life cycle cost and cost of ownership of the capital equipment. Since many purchasing decisions of complex equipment are based on cost of ownership, it has become essential to carry out LORA to compete in the market. In this paper, we develop a mathematical model for LORA and propose a solution methodology based on genetic algorithms. The concept is illustrated using a hypothetical aircraft engine.     

MODELING COMMON PROPERTY OWNERSHIP AS A DYNAMIC CONTRACT

Common property ownership is modeled as a joint wealth maximizing egalitarian share contract. Two-stage differential games are developed for various types of common property in order to examine the incentives inherent in common property regimes. Cases in which group members contract over just membership size and cases in which members contract over both group size and resource investment are considered. Envelope methods in optimal control theory are used to generate some comparative statics predictions about the value of the contracts which define property rights to a capital stock.     

Modeling the depletion of dissolved oxygen in a water body located near a city

Water bodies located nearby cities are much prone to pollution, especially in the developing countries, where effluents treatment facilities are generally lacking. The main reason for this phenomenon is the increasing population in the cities, and the large number of industries located near them. This leads to generation of huge amounts of domestic and industrial sewage that is discharged into the water bodies, increasing their organic pollutant load and resulting in the depletion of dissolved oxygen. In this paper, we propose a mathematical model for this situation, focusing especially on the resulting quality of the water, determined by the level of dissolved oxygen. The model also accounts for resources needed for the population survival and for the industrial operations. In addition, we describe also the decomposition of organic pollutants by bacteria in the aquatic medium. Feasibility conditions and stability criteria of the system's equilibria are determined analytically. The results show that human population and industries are relevant influential factors responsible for the increase in organic pollutants and the decrease in dissolved oxygen in the water body, in the sense that they may exert a destabilizing effect on the system. The numerical simulations confirm the analytical results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

考虑货架存放期的经济批量排产问题的求解

在化工、造纸、制药、钢铁等工业生产中，一台设备或一条生产线可以生产多种产品的情况很常见。在生产中，如何安排各类产品的生产顺序以及生产数量显得十分重要。这类问题通常称作经济批量排产问题，这类问题是生产库存中的经典问题。本文研究的经济批量排产问题考虑了产品货架存放期因素，针对以往研究的不足，本文提出用批量变动方法求解该类问题，由计算结果显示，按照这种排产方法花费的成本要低于其他两种经济批量排产问题常用的方法。     

Autocorrelations in infinite server batch arrival queues

This paper studies an important aspect of queueing theory, autocorrelation properties of system processes. A general infinite server queue with batch arrivals is considered. There areM different types of customers and their arrivals are regulated by a Markov renewal input process. Batch sizes and service times depend on the relevant customer types. With a conditional approach, closed form expressions are obtained for the autocovariance of the continuous time and prearrival system sizes. Some special models are also discussed, giving insights into steady state system behaviour. Autocorrelation functions have a wide range of applications. We highlight one area of application by using autocovariances to derive variances of sample means for a number of special models.This work has been supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada through Grant A5639 and by the National Natural Science Foundation of China through Grant 19001015.     

The dynamics of the UK chemical plant investment cycle

Orders for new chemical plant (sanctions) and investment in chemical plant both show marked business cycle like variations. Amongst the effects of the UK cycle on the Chemical Industry are variations in: new plant additions, requirements for capital expenditure finance and capital utilization. As far as the UK Process Plant Contractors and Process Plant Manufacturers are concerned, the cycle is reflected in a varying work-load arising from the UK Chemical Industry together with varying manpower requirements and profitability.The project described in this paper involved the construction of both System Dynamics and Control Systems models of the Investment Cycle as a guide to strategic planning for the industries affected by it.The implications of the results from both types of model for corporate and strategic planning in the industries concerned are discussed.     

企业人力资本所有者与所有权安排的博弈分析

我们利用博弈论的基本思想和基本方法，从人力资本所有与非人力资本所有以及人力资本所有之间博弈关系的角度，构建企业人力资本所有与所有权安排的博弈模型，从博弈的视角对企业人力资本所有与所有权安排进行分析，探究企业人力资本所有与所有权安排中参与人之间的合约关系，给出一个关于企业人力资本所有分享所有权的一般性解释。