基于改进蚁群算法的带硬时间窗的接送机场服务路径优化研究

针对航空票务公司免费接送顾客去机场路径优化的问题,文章研究了更贴近实际的关于单时间窗约束下的接送机场服务,同时考虑了接送过程中的碳排放,构建出相应的优化模型,提出利用蚁群算法来解决该问题,并采用改进的蚁群算法加以求解.在初始选择路径上的改进,有效解决路径选择上容易陷入局部最优的缺点;根据当前节点到目标点和起点的距离,重新设计启发式函数,驱使车辆尽量沿着起点和目标点之间的最短路行进;依据实时路径长度,动态调整挥发系数,精炼搜索空间,提高收敛性能.最后通过参数校验和实例计算验证,得出了适用于此问题的蚁群算法的参数优化组合;以及顾客点位置在三种不同类型分布下时,使用改进后的蚁群算法都能更好的求出问题的最优解,表明改进后的蚁群算法是解决航空票务公司免费接送顾客去机场服务路径优化问题的一个更有效的求解算法.     

多时间窗车辆路径问题的智能水滴算法

研究了多时间窗车辆路径问题,考虑了车容量、多个硬时间窗限制等约束条件,以动用车辆的固定成本和车辆运行成本之和最小为目标,建立了整数线性规划模型。根据智能水滴算法的基本原理,设计了求解多时间窗车辆路径问题的快速算法,利用具体实例进行了模拟计算,并与遗传算法的计算结果进行了对比分析,结果显示,利用智能水滴算法求解多时间窗车辆路径问题,能够以很高的概率得到全局最优解,是求解多时间窗车辆路径问题的有效算法。     

基于交通流的多模糊时间窗车辆路径优化

研究了基于交通流的多模糊时间窗车辆路径问题,考虑了实际中不断变化的交通流以及客户具有多个模糊时间窗的情况,以最小化配送总成本和最大化客户满意度为目标,构建基于交通流的多模糊时间窗车辆路径模型。根据伊藤算法的基本原理,设计了求解该模型的改进伊藤算法,结合仿真算例进行了模拟计算,并与蚁群算法的计算结果进行了对比分析,结果表明,利用改进伊藤算法求解基于交通流的多模糊时间窗车辆路径问题,迭代次数小,效率更高,能够在较短的时间内收敛到全局最优解,可以有效的求解多模糊时间窗车辆路径问题。     

基于改进蚁群算法的最短路径问题研究及应用

蚁群系统作为一种蚁群算法是解决最短路径问题的一种行之有效的方法.然而,它自身也存在着一些缺陷,主要针对基本蚁群算法易陷入局部最优这一缺陷对其进行改进,集中体现在初始信息素求解和信息素更新这两方面.为了进一步了解改进蚁群算法的优点,进行了实验仿真:将改进的蚁群算法应用子模拟医疗救护GIS中,利用GIS的网络分析功能对城市道路网络的最短路径选择算法进行了深入地探讨研究,并以山西省太原市的交通路线作为实例进行研究.计算机仿真结果表明,改进的蚁群算法在解决最短路径问题时较基本蚁群算法的性能好,它具有一定的理论参考价值和现实意义.     

B2C电子商务仓库拣货路径优化策略应用研究

当前国内B2C电子商务仓库多为人至物的拣货模式,拣货作业成为其核心作业之一,占据仓库大量时间成本和资金成本,拣货路径优化成为企业亟需解决的问题。本文基于TSP对拣货路径进行建模,利用蚁群算法、模拟退火算法和禁忌搜索对该NP-hard问题进行求解,并同当前企业普遍采用的S型启发式策略进行对比,拣货时间节约13.35%。进一步得出当拣货品数量较少时应采用模拟退火算法求解,而当拣货品数量较大时采用蚁群算法仅进行一次迭代,则可以实现短时间得到相对较优的解。所得结果已应用于某大型电子商务企业,效果明显。     

一种改进的蚁群算法及其在TSP中的应用

蚁群算法是一种求解复杂组合优化问题的新的拟生态算法,也是一种基于种群的启发式仿生进化算法,属于随机搜索算法的一种,并用于较好地解决TSP问题.然而此算法也有它自己的缺陷,如易于陷入局部优化、搜索时间长等.通过对基本蚁群算法的介绍及相关因素的分析,提出了一种改进的蚁群算法,用于解决TSPLAB问题的10个问题,并与参考文献中的F-W、NCSOM、ASOM算法进行比较,计算机仿真结果表明了改进算法的有效性.如利用改进的蚁群算法解决lin105问题,其最优解为14382.995933(已知最优解为14379),相对误差是0.0209%,计算出的最小值几乎接近于已知最优解.     

变邻域模拟退火算法求解速度时变的VRPTW问题

本文在经典的带时间窗的车辆路径问题(VRPTW)的基础上,考虑不同时间段车辆行驶速度不同的情况,研究速度时变的带时间窗车辆路径问题(TDVRPTW),使问题更具实际意义。本文用分段函数表示不同时间段下的车辆行驶速度,并解决了速度时变条件下行驶时间计算的问题。针对模拟退火算法(SA)在求解VRPTW问题时易陷入局部最优解,变邻域搜索算法(VNS)在求解VRPTW问题时收敛速度慢的问题,本文将模拟退火算法以一定概率接受非最优解的思想和变邻域搜索算法系统地改变当前解的邻域结构以拓展搜索范围的思想结合起来,提出了一种改进的算法——变邻域模拟退火算法(SAVN),使算法在退火过程中一陷入局部最优解就改变邻域结构,更换搜索范围,以此提升算法跳出局部最优解的能力,加快收敛速度。通过在仿真实验中将SAVN算法的求解结果与VNS算法、SA算法进行对比,验证了SAVN算法确实能显著提升算法跳出局部最优解的能力。     

基于“货到人”拣选模式的储位分配问题研究

研究了“货到人”拣选模式下的储位分配问题,以订单拣选过程中搬运货架总时间最短为目标建立了整数非线性规划模型,并证明其为NP-hard问题,分别设计了求解模型的贪婪算法和单亲进化遗传算法。首先根据订单和物品的关联关系对物品进行聚类,基于聚类结果设计了求解模型的贪婪算法。然后设计了直接求解模型的单亲进化遗传算法,遗传算法中采用了0-1矩阵编码、多点基因倒位算子、单点基因突变算子和精英保留等策略,通过合理选取参数,能够很快求解出问题的近似最优解。最后利用模拟算例和一个具体实例进行计算,并对贪婪算法和遗传算法的求解时间和求解效果进行了比较分析。结果显示,对于小规模问题,两种算法均能在较短的时间内以很高的概率得到问题的全局最优解,对于中等规模的实际问题,利用两种算法得到的储位分配方案均优于企业目前采取的基于出库频率的储位分配方案,遗传算法得到的储位分配方案对应的货架搬运次数、货架搬运总时间等均优于贪婪算法。本文设计的遗传算法可以作为智能仓库管理信息系统的核心算法。     

基于动态规划的迭代算法设计方法

为了基于动态规划法设计求约束最优化问题(COPs)最优解的迭代算法,在避免使用"标记函数"和递归算法的前提下提出了两种求解模式,给出了设计求COPs最优解的迭代算法一般方法,并利用两个典型优化问题-最长公共子序列问题和矩阵链乘法问题,阐明了如何利用两种求解模式设计求COPs最优解的简捷迭代算法.     

时变挥发率条件下求解Steiner树蚁群优化算法的收敛性

蚁群优化算法是最近提出的求解复杂组合优化问题的启发式算法.在蚁群优化算法中,信息素的更新规则直接影响着算法性能,固定挥发率条件下,虽然也能得到求解Steinei树蚁群优化算法的收敛性结果,但算法的探优能力差,易于陷入局部最优.本文在设计求解最小Steiner树蚁群优化算法时,采用了动态更新信息索挥发率的方法,并给出了时变挥发率条件下算法的收敛性证明.具体的,在时变挥发率条件下,当迭代次数充分大时,该算法能以概率1找到最优解.另外,在动态更新信息素下界的条件下,也能得到类似的收敛性结果.     

Optimal control of bioprocess systems using hybrid numerical optimization algorithms

In the paper, we consider the bioprocess system optimal control problem. Generally speaking, it is very difficult to solve this problem analytically. To obtain the numerical solution, the problem is transformed into a parameter optimization problem with some variable bounds, which can be efficiently solved using any conventional optimization algorithms, e.g. the improved Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno algorithm. However, in spite of the improved Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno algorithm is very efficient for local search, the solution obtained is usually a local extremum for non-convex optimal control problems. In order to escape from the local extremum, we develop a novel stochastic search method. By performing a large amount of numerical experiments, we find that the novel stochastic search method is excellent in exploration, while bad in exploitation. In order to improve the exploitation, we propose a hybrid numerical optimization algorithm to solve the problem based on the novel stochastic search method and the improved Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno algorithm. Convergence results indicate that any global optimal solution of the approximate problem is also a global optimal solution of the original problem. Finally, two bioprocess system optimal control problems illustrate that the hybrid numerical optimization algorithm proposed by us is low time-consuming and obtains a better cost function value than the existing approaches.     

急件订单干扰下虚拟单元重调度

虚拟单元生产中,针对急件订单干扰情况,研究了考虑序位相似性,即尽量保持初始工序的加工次序的虚拟单元重调度问题。为了应对急件订单干扰,设置了各工件工序可用机器集合和相应的加工时间集合,构建了以序位相似性最大和急件订单完工时间、系统总流程时间最短为目标的多目标非线性整数规划模型。针对模型自身特征,采用了遗传—蚁群算法相结合的优化算法求解模型。最后,以船舶实际生产为例,验证了模型的可行和优越性,以及算法的有效性。     

A new model and hybrid approach for large scale inventory routing problems

This paper studies an inventory routing problem (IRP) with split delivery and vehicle fleet size constraint. Due to the complexity of the IRP, it is very difficult to develop an exact algorithm that can solve large scale problems in a reasonable computation time. As an alternative, an approximate approach that can quickly and near-optimally solve the problem is developed based on an approximate model of the problem and Lagrangian relaxation. In the approach, the model is solved by using a Lagrangian relaxation method in which the relaxed problem is decomposed into an inventory problem and a routing problem that are solved by a linear programming algorithm and a minimum cost flow algorithm, respectively, and the dual problem is solved by using the surrogate subgradient method. The solution of the model obtained by the Lagrangian relaxation method is used to construct a near-optimal solution of the IRP by solving a series of assignment problems. Numerical experiments show that the proposed hybrid approach can find a high quality near-optimal solution for the IRP with up to 200 customers in a reasonable computation time.     

An exact algorithm for minimizing resource availability costs in project scheduling

A new exact algorithm that solves the Resource Availability Cost Problem (RACP) in project scheduling is shown to yield a significant improvement over the existing algorithm in the literature. The new algorithm consists of a hybrid method where an initial feasible solution is found heuristically. The branching scheme solves a Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problem (RCPSP) at each node where the resources of the RACP are fixed. The knowledge of previously solved RCPSPs is used to produce cuts in the search tree. A worst-case-performance theorem is established for this new algorithm. Experiments are performed on instances adapted from the PSPLIB database. The new algorithm can be used to minimize any resource availability cost problem once a procedure for the underlying resource-constrained problem is available.     

带能力限制的混合形专用线非直达车流取送问题优化

针对铁路枢纽地方货物流小运转作业系统,研究一类带能力限制的混合形专用线非直达车流取送优化问题。以在站停留车小时费用和调机取送成本之和最小化为目标,考虑装卸站装卸能力、调机牵引能力、瓶颈区段能力、调机日走行时长等能力限制条件,构建问题模型。鉴于模型直接求解较为困难且效率低下,故设计三阶段综合优化策略。该策略首先利用基于作业编码、顺序调整与批次划分的TPA过程完成初始取送作业方案生成,进而基于迭代寻优思路设计FPUA更新过程完成取送作业方案的优化,最后考虑批次时间窗、空闲原则与调机走行利用EAA过程完成调机分配。设计实验场景,对所提出的方法进行过程验证,并设计不同规模问题,对算法进行测试对比与性能评估。     

Graph Collapsing in Shortest Path Auction Algorithms

In this paper we consider the problem of finding a shortest path from a source node to a fixed target node (SSP) or to all the nodes (SPT) on a directed graph. A family of algorithms which derives from the known auction algorithm is introduced. The key feature of these algorithms is based on topological transformations operated on the graphs that replace an optimal sub-path with a single arc of the same length (graph collapsing concept). The same idea is applied both to the standard auction algorithm and to a modified version of the algorithm. In the last mentioned case a good saving in computation cost is obtained as shown by the reported numerical examples.     

The optimal control of just-in-time-based production and distribution systems and performance comparisons with optimized pull systems

In just-in-time (JIT) production systems, there is both input stock in the form of parts and output stock in the form of product at each stage. These activities are controlled by production-ordering and withdrawal kanbans. This paper discusses a discrete-time optimal control problem in a multistage JIT-based production and distribution system with stochastic demand and capacity, developed to minimize the expected total cost per unit of time. The problem can be formulated as an undiscounted Markov decision process (UMDP); however, the curse of dimensionality makes it very difficult to find an exact solution. The author proposes a new neuro-dynamic programming (NDP) algorithm, the simulation-based modified policy iteration method (SBMPIM), to solve the optimal control problem. The existing NDP algorithms and SBMPIM are numerically compared with a traditional UMDP algorithm for a single-stage JIT production system. It is shown that all NDP algorithms except the SBMPIM fail to converge to an optimal control.Additionally, a new algorithm for finding the optimal parameters of pull systems is proposed. Numerical comparisons between near-optimal controls computed using the SBMPIM and optimized pull systems are conducted for three-stage JIT-based production and distribution systems. UMDPs with 42 million states are solved using the SBMPIM. The pull systems discussed are the kanban, base stock, CONWIP, hybrid and extended kanban.     

An Online Actor–Critic Algorithm with Function Approximation for Constrained Markov Decision Processes

We develop an online actor–critic reinforcement learning algorithm with function approximation for a problem of control under inequality constraints. We consider the long-run average cost Markov decision process (MDP) framework in which both the objective and the constraint functions are suitable policy-dependent long-run averages of certain sample path functions. The Lagrange multiplier method is used to handle the inequality constraints. We prove the asymptotic almost sure convergence of our algorithm to a locally optimal solution. We also provide the results of numerical experiments on a problem of routing in a multi-stage queueing network with constraints on long-run average queue lengths. We observe that our algorithm exhibits good performance on this setting and converges to a feasible point.     

Parameter Tuning of Multi-Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controllers Based on Optimal Switching Algorithms

Under the framework of switched systems, this paper considers a multi-proportional-integral-derivative controller parameter tuning problem with terminal equality constraints and continuous-time inequality constraints. The switching time and controller parameters are decision variables to be chosen optimally. Firstly, we transform the optimal control problem into an equivalent problem with fixed switching instants by introducing an auxiliary function and a time-scaling transformation. Because of the complexity of constraints, it is difficult to solve the problem by conventional optimization techniques. To overcome this difficulty, a novel exact penalty function is introduced for these constraints. Furthermore, the penalty function is appended to the cost functional to form an augmented cost functional, giving rise to an approximate nonlinear parameter optimization problem that can be solved using any gradient-based method. Convergence results indicate that any local optimal solution of the approximate problem is also a local optimal solution of the original problem as long as the penalty parameter is sufficiently large. Finally, an example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed algorithm.